Chpt 13 Hr Mgmt

Which of the following factors is associated with high levels of intrinsic motivation at work?

A sense of self-determination

In the context of agency theory, which of the following is a difference between agents and principals?

Agents often have more information about the day-to-day business than do principals.

In the context of reinforcement theory, who among the following writers has his or her work behavior reinforced using a fixed interval schedule?

Walda, who is paid $100 every week irrespective of the number of articles she writes

In the context of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following best describes an individual's self-actualization need?

The need to reach one's personal potential

In the context of agency theory, identify a true statement about agents.

They are less likely than principals to take risks when they make decisions.

Identify a true statement about expectancy theory.

It is used to estimate the force operating on an employee to increase her or his effort.

Identify a true statement about motivation and needs.

Money has the potential to satisfy all the needs proposed by Maslow and Alderfer.

Identify a true statement about motivation.

Motivation at work is a critical determinant of what will occur on the job.

Which of the following statements is true in the context of ERG theory?

Clayton Alderfer allowed for multiple levels of needs being prepotent.

Which of the following statements is true in the context of goal theory?

Difficult goals are preferable to easy goals.

In the context of need-based theories of motivation, which of the following theories identifies motivators and hygiene factors as two sets of conditions at work that can satisfy needs?

Dual factor theory

In the context of need-based theories of motivation, which of the following theories involves two levels of needs and allows for a person to regress from a higher-level need to a lower-level need?

ERG theory

In the context of goal theory, which of the following is required for goals to be effective?

Employees must accept goals as their own.

Which of the following options refers to a person's perception of the probability that an increase in effort will result in an increase in performance?

Expectancy

In reinforcement theory, identify the schedule in which the number of times a behavior must occur before it is rewarded remains constant over time.

Fixed ratio schedules

Which of the following statements is an important aspect of Clayton Alderfer's ERG theory?

In ERG theory, Clayton Alderfer allowed for multiple levels of needs being prepotent.

Which of the following statements is true of expectancy theory?

It is concerned with three components and the links among them.

In Maslow's theory, identify the specific needs that are capable of motivating behavior at any given point in time.

Prepotent needs

Which of the following options reinforces behavior as a function of how many times it occurs?

Ratio schedule

Which of the following process theories, usually associated with B. F. Skinner, proposes that all behavior is a function of its consequences?

Reinforcement theory

In the context of reinforcement theory, which of the following statements is true of fixed ratio schedules?

They produce less consistent levels of behavior than do variable ratio schedules.

In the context of reinforcement theory, which of the following statements is true of ratio schedules?

They result in higher levels of behavior than do interval schedules.

In the context of reinforcement theory, which of the following statements is true of variable ratio schedules?

They result in the highest productivity.

In the context of agency theory, agents are more likely than principals to focus on:

a short time horizon because it is usually easier to affect firm performance in the short run.

The process of generating new and useful ideas concerning new products, services, manufacturing methods, and administrative processes is characterized as _____.

creativity

Process theories of motivation _____.

focus on how people become motivated and what they are motivated to do

When underpayment inequity is perceived, an employee will most likely:

reduce his or her inputs.

Punishment and positive reinforcement work best when:

there is a strong link between behavior and consequences.

In the context of VIE theory, which of the following components refers to how attractive or unattractive an outcome is for a person?

valence

In the context of reinforcement theory, schedules in which the amount of time that must pass before a reward is given can change from one reward period to another are termed:

variable interval schedules