Psych exam 3 7-9

Your best friend is an airline pilot. You often ask him about his flying experiences, but the stories he tells are rather bland. One day he invites you to accompany him on a flight. Surprisingly, once you are up in the air, he begins to share with you all kinds of interesting stories. What is the best explanation for this change?

Context-dependent learning

. Brandon can name all 50 states and their capitols. Which type of intelligence is he relying most on?

Crystallized

Which of the following forms of memory requires conscious attention for encoding, storage, and retrieval?

Episodic memory

What is missing when a student who skips class copies notes from another student?

Extralinguistic information

_____ speculated that thinking operates as a form of internal speech.

John B. Watson2

____ insight refers to our awareness of how language is structured and used.

Metalinguistic

The distinction between fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence was first postulated by

Raymond Cattell and John Horn.

Which researcher studied the effects of sensory abilities on intelligence?

Sir Francis Galton

Who would have supported the notion that intelligence resulted from a single ability and could be represented by a single test score?

Spearman

Although many students attend every class and take notes, they struggle to remember everything they need to know for an exam. Where does this breakdown in memory most likely occur?

Storage

The _____ is the most widely used intelligence test for adults.

WAIS

The part of the brain where the emotional components of memories are stored is called the _____.

amygdala

According to ____, intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure.

boring

The failure to recognize that our ideas come from another source is called ____

crytomnesia

A person from one part of the United States might ask you for a glass of "soda," while a person from a different region might ask for a glass of "pop." Still a third person might ask for a "Coke," while a fourth would request a glass of "tonic." All of these individuals want the same thing, but the variation in how they request it demonstrates a

dialect

Binet and Simon's intelligence test included _____ items as one subtest area.

drawing pictures from memory

The order of the basic memory processes in which information enters the memory system and is later used is

encoding, storage, and retrieval.

My exposure to the typical use of objects in my culture may render me less able to find novel solutions to problems. This is referred to as

functional fixedness.

You watch LeShon wave his 4th of July sparkler as he runs. As you watch the light, you notice a circle of light rather than just a single point of light. This effect demonstrates the functioning of your

iconic memory.

The original purpose of the first intelligence test was to

identify areas of academic weakness in grade school children.

___ is a developmental disorder characterized by abnormal emotional, social and linguistic development in a child. Symptoms include abnormal ways of relating to people, objects, and situations.

infantile autism

According to famed linguist Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through a device he called

language acquisition device (LAD).

Liv has just seen a commercial advertising a fancy kind of make-up that she would like to buy. She does not have a pen or a piece of paper to write down the telephone number, so she repeats to herself over and over again while she runs into the kitchen to find the telephone. Liv is currently using the process of _____ rehearsal to keep the telephone number active in her short-term memory.

maintenance

As we age, our ability to recognize the strengths and limitations of our own memories improves. This is known as ___

meta-memory.

When speakers of English add "ed" to a verb to indicate past tense, they are applying a

morphological marker

The four levels of analysis we use to analyze language are ________.

phonemes, morphemes, syntax, extralinguistic

The tendency to remember the items that came at the end of a presented list is called the _____ effect.

recency

When a student is given two seemingly different problems to solve, but the problems have the same underlying logical requirements, the student may miss this similarity due to the apparent differences in the wording of the questions. The relationship between two problems is called

salience of surface similarities.

The memory system that contains memories for factual information about the world around us is _____ memory.

semantic

Jasmine needs to remember an 8-line poem for her 5th-grade English class next week. Her mother suggests that she link the first few words from each line with a different part of their home, starting with the front door. This suggestion is most similar to the memory strategy known as

the method of loci.