chpt 7 mgmt

____ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

Creative work environments

____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.

Discontinuous change

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?

Resistance to change will always occur; it is inevitable.

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation.

S-curve

Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the results-driven change approach to managing change?

all of these were cited as advantages of the results-driven change approach.

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance ____,

at both the beginning and end of the cycle

When significant improvements in performance can ONLY be gained through radical new designs or new performance-enhancing materials, it is likely that a company is ____ in the S-curve pattern of innovation.

at the end of the innovation cycle

The first stage of organizational decline is:

blinded

A(n) ____ is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort.

change agent

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, ____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time, while ____ support the status quo, or the existing state of conditions in an organization.

change forces; resistance forces

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

coercion

It is appropriate to use a(n) ____ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments during periods of incremental change, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of the existing technological design.

compression

The ____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.

compression

The __________ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.

compression

A technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

cycle

When incremental improvements are made to a dominant technological design such that the improved version of the technology is fully backward compatible with the older version, ____ is said to have occurred.

generational change

Organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

innovation

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called ____.

innovation streams

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called:

innovation streams

Organizational development ____.

is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ____ in a field or discipline.

knowledge, tools, and techniques

According to John Kotter's analysis of the errors managers make when leading change, the first and potentially most serious of these errors is:

not establishing a great enough sense of urgency

Creativity was needed to improve efficiency without raising costs at one automobile maker. Over the last few years, the company has successfully implemented a creative engineering program that allows its plants to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. This successful change to a flexible manufacturing system is an example of ____.

organizational innovation

The development of the DVD player was a source of ____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been.

technological discontinuity

In order from beginning to end, the phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream consist of ____.

technological discontinuity, discontinuous change, dominant design, and incremental change

Discontinuous change in an innovation stream is characterized by ____.

technological substitution

The purchase of new technologies to replace older ones is an example of ___.

technological substitution

Which of the following is a component of a creative work environment that encourages creativity?

the development of challenging work the granting of autonomy organizational encouragement the removal of organizational impediments

Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin?

unfreezing