Church History Trimester 1 Review Ch. 1
Pelagian teaching and Council of Carthage
Augustine also combated the Pelagian heresy. Pelagian teachings deny the presence of original sin and believe that humanity could be sanctified without the assistance of grace. Due to the efforts of Saint Augustine, the council of Carthage was convened to condemn Pelagius and his followers. This lead the declaration that every person inherited the original stand from our first parents Adam & Eve.
Donatism teaching
Augustine served as a worthy adversary to the Donatist heresy. Donatism thought that the holiness and validity of a sacrament depended on the holiness or sinfulness of the priest celebrating it. For example, if a priest was a liar and a thief then when he would celebrate the mass, the bread and wine wouldn't become the body and blood. Also, if you forgive your sins to a priest who is guilty of adultery or murder, the priest can't guarantee God's forgiveness, because he is guilty of a serious sin himself.
Confessions
Augustine's most famous work. In his work Augustine cited how he and some friends pondered stealing pears from the nearest garden, but not because they were hungry, but because the sin itself excited them. The sin heavily on Augustine because he examined why humans were drawn to sin. The Epiphany Augustine had taught him humans suffer a natural inclination to sin, and the sin itself can ever being true happiness. Only in the grace of Christ can we find redemption
On Christian Doctrine
Augustine's on Christian doctrine serves as the first comprehensive guide of what the church teaches. Augustine's legacy will provide the church of spiritual leadership that only St. Thomas Aquinas would match in the 13th century
Her example teaches us?; I am a little pencil
Mother Teresa's darkness enabled her to relate to those whom she served. Her example shows us that sometimes we will not feel God's presence in our life and it may be challenging to remain faithful but God does not abandon us and can still use us to accomplish great work. As a mother says I am a little pencil in the hand of a writing God who is sending a love letter to the world. Mother's example of faith shows the extent God can use our gifts for others
Mother Theresa struggle - spiritual darkness/last 50 years
Mother Theresa struggles with an interior absence of love. As a young girl Teresa felt the incredible love of Christ in her life that allowed her to give up on her own desires and give up her life fully to only love Jesus. As she began to work as a sister the spiritual closeness intensified and her love for Christ fueled all that she did every hour every day. However this presence of Christ will not last forever and for the last 50 years of her life Teresa felt the absence of God's presence no longer did she feel the love of Christ she felt when she was younger. Many people experience God's love after some spiritual time in their life only to have it fade as time goes on though after the closeness feeds the person either tries to get back to the place in their life or they may move on and search for their happiness elsewhere. In Teresa's case even though she found no joy and love in her heart, her work and service didn't waiver she still work for Jesus every day and she still showed God's love to every single person she ministered
St. Monica
Mother of St. Augustine; prayed for his conversion her entire life
Negative effects; saving souls from hell
Negative affects are that the Spanish priests and soldiers carried European diseases that the native had no immunity to leading Indians, who caught the disease to often die. Because of the diseases California's Indian population declined from 300,000 in 1769 to about 200,000 in 1821. Serra believed that baptizing people were saving them - souls from hell
When was Josephine canonized?
October 1, 2000 John Paul 2
Lady's name and dancing in the sun and date this occurred
October 13, 1917 was the day that over 70,000 people showed up to Fatima because it was said that this would be the day of the promised miracle. The lady of rosary appeared to the people and told them that the world war 1 was going to end soon, and the soldiers will come back home. After the lady of the rosary spoke to the people, the sun began to dance in the sky, giving off beautiful colors, moving side to side. and then seeming falling off the Earth. When the son moved back to its position the peoples clothes that was soaking wet 15 minutes ago became completely dry and the muddy covered ground was completely dry.
March 24 and 25th 1980; those who surrender to the service of the poor
On March 24, 1980 after reporting the news of the missing and presumed dead in his Sunday address archbishop Romero made a desperate plea to the soldiers on both sides of the conflict saying I beg you I implore you I order you in the name of God to stop the repression! Romeros plea proved to have crossed the ultimate line and on March 25, 1980 the following evening while celebrating the holy mass in the chapel of the divine providence hospital archbishop Oscar Romero was shot openly in the heart by a paid assassin. The loss of Archbishop was devastating to the people of el Salvador as they lost their voice during a time of political social and domestic upheaval. However minutes before he was assassinated Romero said those who surrender to the service of the poor through the love of Christ will live like the grains of wheat that dies
St rose of Lima
One of 13 children born to parents of Spanish descent during the first century of Christianity in Lima Peru. Her feast days August 23 and she died at 1617. Originally she was named Isabella by her young face was so beautiful her family would call her Rosa. However, as she grew in beauty, she attracted many admirers and that attention made her uncomfortable
City of God
One of Augustines work where he wrote about two cities-one heavenly and one earthy. The earthly one represented the world and society in general, It was motivated by sin and selfishness. Because our goal is everlasting with God, Augustine in his work also explained that the way through heaven was through the church, which offered the world hope and forgiveness
Order of friars minor and their rule stressed?
Order of Friars minor was Francis' order. They stress the rule of Saint Francis that was based on the message of the four gospels. In the rule Francis insisted to his followers remain true to Christ and they need to shut the worldly possessions and instead give a life of poverty
"to be holy by any means necessary"; "to become a saint one must ..."
In Stour of Saul Therese wrote of her desire to be holy by any means necessary - her desire to please God and to love Jesus despite the sacrifice required d of her and the aridity that she underwent. Therese also wrote that "to become a saint one must suffer a great deal always seek what is best and forget oneself"
Exception to normal canonization
-John Paul II. Instead of having to wait five years to begin his investigation, his successor, Pope Benedict XVI, waved the 5 year waiting period and Pope John Paul II was canonized in less that 10 years. -Maximilian Kolbe who was murdered during the holocaust. During the holocaust, Maximilian Kolbe showed heroic virtue and selfless love, because while in jail for his religion, he took place of a man sentenced to death, because that man had a wife and children. The type of selfless love, Maximilian Kolbe showed is the type of selfless love God wants us to exhibit in our lives, and because of that Pope John Paul II decided to canonized Maximilian Kolbe, without waiting for a miracle through his intercession -Nicolas Traini, who Pope Urban II ask for an investigation before he was declared a saint
Sisters of Loretto & first assignment
At the age of 18 Agnes joined the sisters of the Loretta and took the name Teresa. Sister Teresa was sent to Calcutta, India to teach in the school run by sisters. Even though Teresa loved teaching and her religious life with the sisters those who live in poverty in Calcutta took her attention and 1948 Teresa left the sisters of Loretto and began to work with the poor of Calcutta
Easter Vigil, St. Ambrose
37 Easter vigil Augustine and his son were baptized by Saint Ambrose of Milan.
# of cures and what does Mary call herself
70 cures have been associated with the holy site of Lourdes and Mary calls herself the immaculate conception
Process of Canonization begins...
After 5 years of death and people who knew the person go to the bishop and tell him to investigate that person's holiness in their lives. Then after the bishop investigates, if he belives the person could potentially be a saint, he takes a file and sends to the pope in the Vatican City who then passes the case to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints
Orphanage, slaves, yellow fever
After receiving freedom in 1811 Pierre married Juliette Noel who was also from Haiti. Pierre knew from his many years in admiring Juliette for her strong Catholic Faith. The two brought a house and turned it into an orphanage for Black children. They they would receive and education and were taught various trades so they would be prepared for life in the new world. Pierre anonymously used his money to buy the freedom of many slaves. During the yellow fever epidemic in NYC Pierre would consist the homes of the sick, nursing and taking care of them at the time when most were afraid to have contact with yellow fever.
Apostolic Missionary
Apostolic Missionary was the title given to St. Louis by Pope Clement XI. This title meant St. Louis had the permission to continue his work throughout France. After granting permission, Louis would travel by feet through villages in France, leading retreats, missions, and preaching. Louis' teachings were so different, he drew many people towards him and got many new more followers. This is resulted in Louis being targeted and poisoned which made him have to fight a lot harder, because health was deteriorating.
as cloistered nun, never due great works. Why?
As a Carmelite sister Therese was cloistered and live the vows of property Chasity and obedience. Because of these vows she felt she will not be able to do great works for Jesus the way other saints have done in the past and because as a cloistered nun her life was regimented at decided for her without the nun having any say. The life of poverty charity and obedience was at the heart of religious life as it helped the members of the community life a life that was free of worldly influences that way they focus entirely on God. There's also knew it would be extremely unlikely for her to do any good because of her personal faults. Many times Therese would experience spiritual aridity or a dryness of the soul during which an individual experiences a great absence of God's presence in their life
Oxford student, deacon, priest, faculty member
As a teenager, Newman discovered evangelical Christianity in which he began his relationship with Christ in the church. His religious passion would evolve and remain with him throughout his studies at Oxford University. A year after his graduation, Newman was ordained deacon in the Anglican church and went on to become an Anglican priest in the following year. While a priest, Newman engaged in further study as well as work in his parish. However, his time in his parish wasn't too long as he soon returned to the realm of higher academia. Eventually Newman would advance further and serve on the faculty of oxford university
Study in Rome
At a young age Oscar desired to become a priest so he left his family to study at the seminary in San Miguel at age 13. Once he got a little older he was sent to Rome to continue his studies for priesthood. He stayed in Rome during the time of World War II and experienced the brutality of war first-hand. Oscar completed his seminary studies with great success and was ordained a priest at the age of 25
age 4; older sister; fever & statue of Mary
At age 4 Therese's mother died of breast cancer and her older sister had to fill the void. Went Therese was young she would overcome a fever that no one thought she would make out of. While her relatives were gathered around her besides tending her needs Therese saw her older sister pray near a statue of our lady so Therese also pray to the blessed mother in her heart. Subsequently when Therese looked at the face of Mary in the statue she saw the statue turn to her and smile. Immediately Theresa cured and her fever calmed
Auxiliary bishop, diocese of Santiago do Maria, archbishop of San Salvador
Because of his efforts constantly on bettering the lives of people in his care Oscar was recognized as candidate for Bishop at a young age. Bishop Romero served for four years as the auxiliary bishop in the archdiocese of San Salvador in 1970 before being given his own diocese to Shepherd and 1974 for the diocese of Santiago do Maria - a poor agrarian diocese in southern El Salvador. In 1977 his work among his flock was recognized and Bishop Romero was made archbishop of San Salvador. When Oscar became Archbishop the citizens were divided as some thought his support from the government meant he favored the conservative dictatorship others saw his conservative reputation would halt the effort to help the poor
Manichaeism
Belief that the universe is governed by two opposing deities- one good one evil. A person who practices Manichaeanism is a Manichean. A Manichean saw that the physical things in the world are created by the evil forces, and the spiritual things like the soul created by good forces. The entirety of life was a struggle between good and evil, and as a human it was a struggle between the evil body with his position/desires, and a good soul that long for goodness. If a Manichean committed a sin it is because of your evil body, and not because you were actually choosing something bad.
Bishop John Carroll; sisters of Charity; founder of Catholic parochial school system
Bishop John Carroll was the first bishop in the US whom Elizabeth wrote to in a desperate a situation to support her children. Hearing Elizabeth's situation, he quickly offered relief, and asked Elizabeth to come down to Baltimore to help start a school for Catholic children in the village of Emmetsburg, Maryland. This sisters of charity is the religious community Elizabeth started with the woman who helped her run the school. The sisters of charity was the first group of religious sisters, who were dedicated to take care of the poorest children by giving them an education. Mother Seton would eventually be known as the founder of the Catholic parochial school system, one of the largest private school systems in the world.
Meaning of black band around Mary's waste; her image; tilma breakdown; no brushstrokes; reflection in eyes of Mary
Black being around Mary's waist is a symbol of pregnancy in the Aztec culture. In Mary's image she is depicted as a 15th century Aztec princess. The tilma is a cloak made of cactus flesh that the port could afford and usually begin to break down after 20 years however, Mary's image on the til w has not shown any signs of deterioration and it has already been 450 years. The no brush strokes have lead scientists to conclude that the image must've been transferred all at once or imprinted on the tilma all at once. Mary's eye reflect the image of Saint Juan presenting his Bishop and the interpreter with the roses, as the tilma was unfurled.
Blessed William Joseph Chaminade; family; 1785
Blessed William Joseph Chaminade was born in Périgueux, France in 1761. He was the 14th son of a deeply Christian family and besides him three of his brothers were priests. In 1771 he entered the minor seminary of Mussidan and four years later made private vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. He was ordained a priest in 1785
Third Step for canonization
Blessed. Venerable is the declared blessed by the church if a miracle occurs through the intersection of their soul. When a venerable is declared blessed they become one step closer to being canonized
Callisto Legnani; Michieli family; Canossian Sisters of Venice; 1890; Canossian novitiate
Callisto Legnani was the new kinder owner - the Italian Counsel to Sudan whom Bakhiya was sold to an 1883. He brought her back with him when he returned to Italy and then gave her the Michieli family. Bakhiya was a faithful nanny to the Michieli's family younger daughter and in the fall of 1888 when the rest of the family of was away on business Bakhita and her young charge went to stay with the Canossian sisters in Venice. While staying with the Sisters, Bakhita encountered Christianity the first time. The sisters instructed Bakhita in the Christian faith and when the Michieli family returned to bring Bakhita back to Sudan she refused to so the Michieli's appealed to the court who upheld Bakhita's freedom. Shortly there after Bakhiga was baptized and received the new name of Josephine in 1890. Three years later Josephine entered the Canossian novitate and after a life spent in being uprooted, she was assigned to the Canossian convent in the Schio and remained there for 42 years throughout all of World War II.
Final step for canonization
Canon of Saint occurs when a second miracle or first is a martyr happens because of the intersection of that Saint. Once the congregation for the causes of Saint presents the case to the pope, when the pope approves such individual, they are now officially added to the Church's Canon of Saints
Catherine Labouré & miraculous medal
Catherine Labouré was a sister whom Mary appeared to 3 times and asked her to have a medal made that resembled what she saw. The image that Catherine had put on the medal was one of Mary with her arms outstretched with rays of light coming down from her hand, and she stood on top of the globe, but under her feet was a snake with an apple in its mouth. Because Mary promised that whoever wore the medal would receive special protection, and many graces, soon, so many extraordinary things took place that the medal became known as the miraculous medal.
Congregation for the Causes of Saints
Collection of bishops, priest, and laypeople who researched a persons life in order to tell if they meet the standards of people who have already been canonized
Our Lady of Pillar
First Marian apparition to st James the apostle in Zaragoza, Spain and first example of bilocation
High Anglicans
First group the Anglican faith is divided into. Also called the anglo Catholics the High Anglicans embrace of Catholic heritage, beliefs, and theology. They also uphold the traditional Catholic teachings on the sacrament, the Saints, and the scriptures.
1849 USA; January 22, 1850
During these year's father Chaminade gave priority to drafting the contributions and wrote important circulars on consecration - covenant with Mary and on the marianist religious life. This led the society of Mary to continue to grow in France, Switzerland, and the US in 1849. Father Chaminade died peacefully in Bordeaux surrounded by many of his fellow Marianists on January 22, 1850
Elizabeth Ann Bayley - parents and faith
Elizabeth was born to a highly respected family on August 28, 1774. Her father was a professor at Columbia University, and her mother was the daughter of a highly respected church of England priest. Elizabeth would be raised in her mother's faith that today is known as the Episcopalian church.
Augustine conversion
In 313 AD while in Milan, Augustine's pivotal conversion point occurred when he heard the voice of what he thought to be an angel. The angel commanded Augustine to open to the Scriptures. The saint turned to the letter of Paul to the Romans 13:13-14, which instructed Augustine to depart from a life consumed with dwelling into the flesh. Also, immediately, Augustine committed himself to the Catholic faith
2 request to join Carmelites; pilgrimage to Rome
Even though she was too young Therese requested the superior of the Carmelite community in Lisieux to take her as a nun in their covenant but she was refused. This however did not stop Therese so then she made a plea to the bishop who also denied her request. These rejections did not stop Therese and an effort to entertain her holds to join the Carmelite Therese's father took her on a pilgrimage in Rome. There her family was able to have a private audience with Pope Leo XIII who instructed her family to not speak to the holy father only kiss his ring as a sign of honor and respect. However Therese could not be contained as she knelt down kissed the popes slippers and explained her desire to enter religious life. Even though the popes security quickly swept Therese away from breaking the protocols Therese did make an impression on the popes advisers who were present during the audience and were able to provide Therese with the popes approval
Elizabeth teaches us that the most important treasure...
Faith. She sacrifices everything and went to her old levels to be able to pass the faith to future generations of American Catholics.
Day Mary appeared to Bernadette and ask her to wash in the stream.
Feb. 25, 1858 was theday Mary appeared to Bernadette, and asked her to wash in the stream and drink from the water. However, the place Mary told Bernadette was a cave that had no signs of water, so when Bernadette started digging, the people thought she was crazy so her family pulled away. But little did they know that within minutes a steady stream of water would begin to flow coming from the hole Bernadette dug.
Bernadette Soubrious and the day Mary appeared to her
February 11, 1858 was the day Mary appeared to Saint Bernadette of Lourdes. Bernadette Soubrious was a girl who lived in an old dungeon and one day when she went to the river the Virgin Mary appeared to her and told Bernadette that a chapel be built at Lourdes and that prayers should be offered there for the conversion of sinners. Once Bernadette told her local parish the priest laughed and dismissed her. The authorities were not happy, and because they thought that believing Bernadette would make Lourdes seem like it place for superstition and backwards thinking, they arrested her and interrogated her for hours.
Temporary profession
Following the novitate, the potential Marianist makes his first vow known as his temporary profession. By making these vows a young man professes poverty, chastity, and obedience for the period of one year. At the end of the year the novice may renew his vows, vows that may be renewed for the next 3 to 6 years. Once a man makes his first profession of vows he's giving a silver ring to symbolize his commitment and once they finish the theological end philosophical formation of the novitate, he begins his work in the apostolate of the society
More suffering she experience, the more...
For all the work she did to prevent people from being attracted to her, It caused her to experience a deeploniness and sadness. However, Rose was resilient through this spiritual darkness, offering her suffering to God as a prayer for sacrifice. Overtime, Rose would even embrace her suffering as she realized that the more suffering she experienced, the more she would be able to share in Christ's suffering, discovering an intimacy with Christ few and every blessed enough to experience.
Church of Saint Damiano mystical experience
Francisco had a mystical experience in which he heard a voice tell him, "Francisco, go and build up my house again!" After the mystical experience he started immediately to repair the little church of San Damiano
St. Augustine general info
He was born in Thagaste, North Africa to a pagan father and a Christian mother. He was considered to be the greatest of all church fathers and doctor of the church; known as the doctor of grace. However, he contradicted a life of morality, followed the heresy of Manichaeism, was a full-blown alcoholic and gambler by 15, and had a child out of a wedlock and refused to marry his mistress, the mother of his child, to be a father.
Zaragoza, Spain 1797-Our Lady of the Pillar; Sodality in 1800
In 1797, blessed William was forced to emigrate to Zaragoza Spain where he lived for three years in the reign of the Directorate. Near the shrine of our lady of pillar, he forged his Marion apostolic convictions and was inspired to found a family of religious and laity dedicated to Mary. When he returned to Bordeaux he re-founded the old Marian society on a new basis in November 1800. He made every effort to give his sodalists solid religious information and directed them towards precise apostolic objectives, encouraging them to offer to an indifferent and de-Christianized society "the spectacle of people of saints." This sodality would be the basis of his writing evangelizing activity, aimed at the re-Christianization of France. During these years he was named apostolic administrator for the reorganization of the diocese of Bazas
1801 Missionary apostolic
In 1801 Blessed William received the title missionary apostolic from the Holy See. It was the official confirmation of his insight into the church in this new era
1816 blessed Tranquillion daughter of Mary immaculate; 1817 society of Mary
In 1816 together with blessed Tranquillion he founded a Agen the institute of the daughters of Mary immaculate. In 1817 at Bordeaux, the society of Mary, his first members will later be called Mariants, members of the Marian sodalities who were men and women who wish to respond to the Lord with more radical commitment, an extension of the baptismal consecration and of their devotion to the Virgin Mary
1839 Decretum Laudis
In 1839 at the Institute of the daughters of Mary immaculate (marianist sisters) and society of Mary receive the decretum laudis from pope Gregory XVI. Since teaching was a primary need at the time, this meant both Institute of Marianists dedicated themselves to primary secondary schools and to trade schools. The aught in order to educate and form their pupils in the faith.
1845, ordained Catholic priest; Congregation of the Oratory
In 1845 Newman converted and entered the Catholic Church. He was ordained a Catholic priest in Rome 2 years later. He also entered the congregation of the oratory which was a religious community founded by Saint Philip Neri
1979 Salvadoran Civil War; voice of the voiceless
In 1979 the Salvadorian Civil War began between the conservative dictatorship in the Farabundo Marti national liberation font, the socialist political party which attempted to oust the current regime. This took place during the time of the Cold War and the US sided with the Salvadorian government against a socialist party which drew harsh criticism from archbishop Romero. In 1979 archbishop Romero also began to broadcast his weekly homilies. With these homilies he became known throughout el Salvador as the voice for the voiceless. This is because in his homilies were the live blood of the poor and the suffering during the misery of the war. He also preached against the brutal regime and power and against those who supported the dictatorship; he reported cases of abduction torture and death squads commissioned to murder anyone who stood in their way
St. Martin part of the Dominican third order until?
In his mid teen Martin joined the Dominican third order lay person because he did not deem himself worthy of becoming a priest or brother. In the third order, he performed menial tasks, like sweeping and cleaning. Although it wasn't long before, the Dominicans superior realized the extraordinary person they had in their midst and asked Martin to join the order
Dominican, stigmata, 1st person
Is 1606 Saint Rose entered the Dominican order for women and worked to serve the poor. Although the wounds weren't to be seen during her lifetime, st. rose, was blessed to receive the stigmata of Christ. The church recognized your holiness right after her death, and in 6071 only 54 years after her death St. Rose became the first person to be canonized in the Americas - western hemisphere.
Who comments about st martin at his canonization?
John XXIII
The secrets of Fatima
July 13, 1917 was when one of the most serious messages took place. Mary prophetically warned the world about future events that threatened peace. These messages/prophecies are known as the three secrets of Fatima. The first secret was a vision of hell. The second secret, was that World War I was about to end, but if people don't stop offending God, another, and worst war would begin during the reign of Pope Pius XI. The third and final secret involves a bishop dressed in white, who was shot by a bullet and arrows, and fell as though dead along with numerous other bishops, priests, religious, and laypeople dying for their fiat. Pope John Paul II was attempted shot by a Muslim hired by Russian Soviet officials on May 13, 1981. John Paul believed our lady of Fatima miraculously saved his life.
Junipero Serra; Franciscan; first job; missionary work
Junipero Serra was born in 1713 on Spain's island of Mallorca. He entered the Franciscan order in 1730. He quickly gained respect for his brilliant mind first as a student of theology, and then as a professor earning his doctorate in 1742. However, he gave it all up and followed the desire that began years before when he heard about the missionary work of a fellow Franciscan in South America. Junipero desired to spread Christianity, not in a classroom by evangelizing the native peoples in the world.
How junipero improved standard of living for indigenous people; and results of the centers
Junipero and his fellow priest improved standard of living for indigenous people, by dividing systems of irrigation, cultivated grains, and foods, and the breeding of livestock in the mission centers. As a result of the centers, economic foundation for future California developed, and from the humble Mission center is grew the Great cities of San Diego, LA, San Jose, and San Francisco
Mexico, 1749; California 1769; missionary work, not easy
Junipero first assisted in Franciscan missions around Mexico in 1749. Then he was asked to head the newly begun effort in California 1769, because of his capable administrative skills. However, Junipero's mission life was never an easy one as it begin walking 250 miles from Vera Cruz to Mexico city. During that Sojourn, he suffered an injury to his leg that would pain him the rest of his life. He went through long battles with cold and hunger, with repeated Spanish military interference in running the 9 Mission Center he establish, And even with danger deaths from non-Christian native peoples.
When Fatima appeared to the children
May 13th 1917 was the day Our lady appeared to three children. She appeared to Lucia doz Santos, Jacinata, and Francisco, who were playing outside of the village of Fatima in Portugal. She appeared to them as they were heading home and passed a little oak tree and saw seem like a flash of lightning. Suddenly the children saw a beautiful young lady, in a white gown, and Vail holding a golden rosary.
Low Anglicans
Members of the Anglican church who identify their faith with teachings of Calvin and Lutheran more than the tradition of Catholic Church are sometimes called low church Anglicans.
Missionaries of charity - their mission
Missionaries of charity was the new order of women who work with the poorest of the poor Teresa founded two years after she left the sisters of Loretto. As the leader and founder of the community Teresa was known as "mother" by her fellow sisters and by the church. The mission of the missionaries of charity was to treat the poor as they were to treat Jesus himself. Unlike the traditional missionaries who bring the gospel to new nations the missionaries of charity brought the love of God to people who had been rejected and ignored by society
monastic community, priest, bishop
Monastic community is the community Augustine forms when he went back to Africa after his conversion. In the community, Augustine influenced many people, so they commanded him to priesthood. However, Augustine adored religious community life, and left hesitantly. He serves as an assistant to the bishop of hippo and replaced him after he left his office.
St. Francis of Assisi-how he got his name
Originally Saint Francis of Assisi was named Giovanni. As a young man he enjoyed the fruits of his father's clothing business. Giovanni ended up becoming in love with the French fashion style and they're here in the name Francesco
Our Lady of Guadalupe & Juan Diego
Our lady of Guadalupe was the first Marian apparition in the western hemisphere. She appeared to Juan Diego in the 16th century, leaving an image of her on his cloak that has puzzle scientists for generations. St. Juan Diego was a poor man who on his way to mass, the Virgin Mary appeared to him. When Mary visited Juan, she told him to go to the bishop and tell him to build a chapel on the Hill. However, when Juan went to the bishop, the bishop do not believe him.
Pierre Toussaint; Jean Berard; 1807
Pierre Toussaint was born on June 27, 1766 in Haiti into slavery. Toussaint was taught to read and write by his grandma along with his Catholic faith. He's soon exhibited great intelligence even as a young boy. His slave master Jean Bernard had a huge library where toussaint was granted permission to explore freely. He did move into New York City with his masters family and learned the trade of a barber. However, toussaint's master died in 1791 while on a return trip to Haiti. Pierre would end up taking care of his masters, widowed wife until her death in 1807. his masters wife granted gom his freedom
Saint Pierre daily routine
Pierre's reputation as a hairdresser for the wealthy quickly spread in New York City, and he became known for his lifestyle of virtue and peace. Most of Touissants customers referred to him as Saint Pierre. Pierre routine is he would wake up early every morning and spend time and prayer and would attend mass receiving holy communion at St. Peter's Church on Barclay Street. Then he would give away most of his earnings to the poorest people of the city, when he went searching for them after masses
Who appointed John Henry Newman cardinal
Pope Leo the 13th
St. Josephine Bakhita -born; name means?
Saint Josephine was born in Darfur which is now part of Weston Sudan. She was a part of the powerful Daju people and her uncle was the chief of the village and she was surrounded by prosperity in her early life. she lived in the village of Olgossa which means Sandy Hill. her name Bakhiga comes from the masculine Arab word Bakhit meaning lucky one
St. Martin de Porres - why is he a "saint for everyone"
Saint Martin DePorres was a simple man of prayer who swept the floors and performed other menial tasks in the Dominican friary. He became the patron of hairdressers, race relations, innkeepers, African Americans, interracial harmony, Peru, people of mixed race, social justice, and more. Because of his multi cultural background, he is a same for everyone.
St Martin's parents & how that impacted him; Christ the humble servant
Saint Martin's father was a Spanish and his mother a freed black slave. He rejected Martin for his dark skin and that led to Saint Martin's childhood to be one of poverty. Martin ended up experiencing everything the poor one through-hunger, starvation, rejection, abandonment. However, most people who go in poverty are bitter, but God had graced Martin and allowed Christ's love to change his heart. His poor background enabled him to relate to others. Even as a child, he would give his scarce resources to beggars whom he saw as less fortunate. Martin reflected across the humble servant, Christ, who came to serve and not to be served. Martin reflecting Christ, the humble servant is was made him unique. His whole life was an attitude of humility
Feast day and stigmata of Francis
September 14, 1224 was the day Francis mystically received the wounds of Christ - the stigmata. On October 4 we celebrate the feast day of Saint Francis
Junipero's ardent desire; number of people baptized
Serra's ardent focus was to remain a faithful disciple in the line of Saint Paul. Saint Francis Xavier let him to baptize over 6000 people.
First step for canonization
Servant of God. Servant of God is the first title given to a person on their way to get canonization. However, there are some people who reached this stage and did not go any further. An example of this is servant of God, sister, Thea Bowman from the United States. This doesn't mean that she did not go to heaven, there just wasn't enough information to move further in the process of being added to the Church's Cannon of Saints. This title is given to a person if Congregation for the Causes of Saints decide to investigate the cause to show their life was spent in pursuit of God's will.
Sr Bernadette Moriou 1980-2018
Sister Bernadette Moriau back in 2008 went to Lourdes after being diagnosed with spinal complicationans was confined to a wheelchair since 1980. While she was in Lourdes, she attended a prayer service for the sick in the grotto and received a blessing from the priest. When she went back into her room she felt a surge of well-being and heard a voice tell her take of your braces. Instantaneously she could walk and she was able to walk away from the wheelchair, braces and pain medications
Sister of Charity & bone cancer & incorrupt
Sister of charity are the sisters Bernadette left Lourdes to join. There she would take care of the sick sisters. Bernadette developed a terrible form of bone cancer that would lead to her death at 35. She refused to go back to Lourdes for a cure as she said, the spring wasn't for her. However, while she was laying in bed, as she prayed the rosary and said, "holy Mary, pray for me a poor sinner," it seemed that she went into an ecstasy similar to her visions at Lourdes. It seemed that in Bernadettes ecstasy our lady came to take Bernadette to her son. 30 years after her death, people were shocked because they open Bernadette's grave to move her relics to the chapel and her rosary and cross had been oxidized but her body was completely incorrupt.
Louis de Montfort & Dominicans
St. Louis de Montefort was an ordained priest who developed a relationship with the blessed Virgin Mary, a relationship that would escalate the rest of his life. Many of the things St. Louis did was towards the devotion of Mary. Dominicans was a group Louis entered a few months after he was ordained. They were a group that preached primarily on the topic of the rosary.
Sultan and sacred shines in the holy land
Sultan was someone who and 1219 Francis went to Syria to try to convert him however he failed. Even though Sultan did not convert he promised Francis and his followers safe passage to the holy land and permitted the Franciscans to become guardians of some of the shrines within the holy land. Today the Franciscans still are caretakers of the shrines
St. Teresa of Calcutta-born where
Teresa of Calcutta was born as Anjezë (Agnes) Bojarhiu in 1910 in the country now known as Macedonia. As a young girl Agnes enjoyed wearing the latest fashion as she wanted to be beautiful like her sister. However she grew out of the phase when she learned of the missionaries that gave their whole in-service to the church. Agnes believed this would be her calling
Lady's request of the three children?
That the children come back on the 13th of each month for the next six months, and after that she would tell them who she was. She asked him to pray the rosary every day for peace in the world for the end of World War I.
Oxford movement; John Henry Newman and Edward Pusey
The Oxford movement came from the High Church Anglicans in attempt to restore and reestablish the Anglican church as one of the three branches of the one holy Catholic and apostolic church, the other churches being the Catholic Church and orthodox churches. Unfortunately the movement was not able to gain the full support of the church of England because it was so divided. John Henry Newman and Edward Pusey were the two prominent leaders of the movement. Both Newman and Pusey taught at Oxford University and both wanted to restore the church of England to her catholic roots. Newman besides being one of the prominent leader/founder of the movement he was a Roman scholar and academic leader in England
Novitate
The next stage is novitate. After the year of aspirancy, the young man enters the religious community as a novice (new member.)The period is marked by theological training and study as each novice begins to study in both theology and philosophy in preparation for his vows. Typically novices are mentored by veteran members of the Marianist community to assist them in their spiritual development and discernment
Aspirancy
The process of entering the society of Mary begins with a stage of aspirancy. Aspirants enter the Marianist community and deepen their discernment process. In the time of acpirancy, a potential member of the society of Mary lives with and prays with the community. This time period allows the man to experience the life of a Marianist firsthand. During this time of the discernment the aspirant promises to prepare for entrance into religious life. The period of aspirinancy generally lasts one year
Vow of Stability; to Jesus through Mary
The society of Mary or the Marianists make religious vows based on the evangelical counsels of the church, poverty, chastity, and obedience along with an additional fourth vow of stability. Religious communities take additional vows to distinguish the community apart from others. Society of Mary makes a vow of stability in a life - long dedication to Mary and her mission in the church. To Jesus through Mary is the often mention mantra the devotion to Mary is also witnessed in
Central Churmen
The third group of Anglicans whom fall right in the middle of the two groups. This group is more moderate in their theology and borrow traditions of both the Anglo Catholic and low church Anglicans
Mary's sign for the bishop
The tilma Saint Juan Diego showed him. What was so special about the tilma was the fact that on the Tilma appeared an image of a woman clothes with the sun and moon under her feet. The bishop was astonished and believed St. Juan at once.
My God, I choose all."
Therese also wrote, "My God I chose all. I do not want to be a saint by halves. I am not afraid to suffer for you. I fear only one thing that I should keep my own will. So take it for I choose all that you will"
Christmas 1886; the day of my conversion
Therese was a very emotional and seinsitive person and on Christmas Eve in 1886 after mass Therese and her sisters continued a tradition that was common in France for young children of unwrapping the first Christmas present. However Therese's sister grew out of this tradition but their father continued it because of Therese's fondness for it even though she was in her teenage years. On this day Therese overheard her father say he hope this would be the last time this tradition took place and this cut her to the heart however instead of unleashing tears a sudden peace and calmness overcame Therese. For the first time Therese was able to place the desires of her father and her family before her own. The inner peace came to Therese through Jesus. Later Teresa wrote that this movement was the beginning of her conversion in her heart to our Lord. Saint Therese wrote that on this day of conversion charity entered into her heart and with it a yearning to forget self always; henceforth I was happy (story of a soul chapter 5)
Father of Catholics; 1996
Today Pierre is considered the father of Catholic charities in New York, which serves thousands of the poor every year. In 1996 after through investigation of Pierre's life, John Paul II declared him venerable.
True Devotion to Mary & Totus tuus
True devotion to Mary was a book written by St. Louis that did not become popular until 100 years later. St. Louis's book teaches people to consecrate your life to Jesus by entrusting themselves to the devotion, care, and protection of Mary. Totus Tuus is Latin for "totally yours." This phrase refers to when Pope John Paul II learned the entrusting of his soul, life, and very beginning to Mary.
venerable de lamourous & Misericordie
Venerable Marie-Thérèse Charlotte de Lamourous was one of Wiliam's closest collaborators whom he later helped to found the Misericordie in Bordeaux. The Misericordie in Bordeaux aided fallen women
Second Step for Canonization
Venerable. The first criteria for this title is the congregation's determination of "life of heroic virtue", this means that they must determine if such individual showed examples of the theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity and of the cardinal virtues of prudence, justice fortitude, and temperance. The second criteria for this title is whether the individual was a martyr or not. The third criteria for this title is offering of life, meaning these people freely gave their life out of charity or service for the sake of another, sometimes even giving into death-not martyrs. An example of this criteria was a St. Gianna Molla, who in her pregnancy with her fourth child was diagnosed with cancer in her uterus. The doctors gave her a few options of an abortion, removing the tumor, or a hysterectomy. Because she wanted to save the baby no matter the cost, she decided to go through with the surgery. However, after the surgery, she got complications throughout the rest of the pregnancy and when Gianna's baby was delivered, Gianna's health deteriorated and she died after giving birth
Perpetual Vows
Vows a temporary professed brother may request to make after as a novice they' e spent 3 to 6 years living in the community and working the Marianist apostolate. In the perpetual vow the novice is examined by the superior of the society and is recommended to the superior general of the community in Rome. If approval is granted, the brother professes the vows of poverty, chastity, obedience, and stability for life. The brother is also giving a golden ring as a symbol of his lifelong commitment
patron saint of intercultural relations
We can celebrate the diversity of a Catholic community in our school, and in our diocese as one church, one faith, one body, one spirit because of Martin 's designation as patron saint of intercultural relations, and intercultural harmony.
Saint Peter's Church, Irish immigrants, and the day she was received into Catholic Church
When Elizabeth returned to New York in June 1804, she experienced, great spiritual and emotional struggles. Seemed that the loss of her husband became more real when she returned. She would find consolation by going to Saint Peters Church spending any time amongst her many responsibilities praying in front of the blessed sacrament, pouring her heart out to Jesus present there. Because of her responsibilities, she only had time to go and pray in the middle of the night. When she would go in the middle of the night Elizabeth would see many Irish immigrants Who would go to the church during many hours of the night as they made their trip back and forth to their jobs. The simple faith of the immigrants greatly attracted to Elizabeth, making her want more and more to share with them the same faith, especially to be able to receive Jesus in the holy Eucharist. On March 14, 1805, Elizabeth was received in to the Catholic Church on Ash Wednesday, and 10 days later she was received her first communion. However, when she converted the negative reaction from a friends and family was such a great struggle for her as a they banished from her family. Elizabeth was financially cut off.
William Seton; tuberculosis; Italy;Signor Filichi
William Seton was Elizabeth's husband, who she married at 19. William was a very wealthy businessman, who also came from a very prominent family from New York. Sadly, William was diagnosed with tuberculosis, a disease that had no care or vaccine at the time. The doctors recommended for William and his family to move to a better climate to improve his health. In 1803 William and his family moved to Italy were William could do business, and hopefully be in a better environment. Unfortunately, William died soon after the arrival, leaving Elizabeth as a young widow with five children. Amongst a difficult situation, Williams' Italian business partner, Signor Filichi, along with his wife and family welcomed to Elizabeth and her children into their home
Oxford movement
a return to a formal, classical, and authentic ecclesiology
