CIS 2.1

Select the three primary decision-making challenges facing managers today.

Manager must make decisions quickly Managers need to analyze large amounts of information Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as Porter's strategies or forecasting, to make strategic decisions

select three examples of analytical information.

Market projections Sales trends Future growth projections

How can a spreadsheet program, such as Microsoft Office Excel, help managers make decisions?

Modeling relationships

Overfitting Underfitting

Occurs when a machine learning model matches the training data so closely that the model fails to make correct predictions on new data. Occurs when a machine learning model has poor predictive abilities because it did not learn the complexity in the training data.

Which of the following occurs when a machine learning model matches the training data so closely that the model fails to make correct predictions on new data?

Overlifting

_______ learning is the training of machine learning models to make a sequence of decisions.

Reinforcement

What is the training of machine learning models to make a sequence of decisions?

Reinforcement learning

What enables users to view details, and details of details, of information?

drill down

A(n) ___________ interface uses technology allowing humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements—for example, a cell phone vibrating in your pocket

haptic

Return on _________ indicates the earning power of a project.

investment

What are the quantifiable metrics a company uses to evaluate progress toward critical success factors?

key

__________ performance indicators are the quantifiable metrics a company uses to evaluate progress toward critical success factors.

key

What is a type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn?

machine learning

At the __________ level, employees are continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change.

managerial

______ share is the proportion of the market that a firm captures.

market

________ are measurements that evaluate results to determine whether a project is meeting its goals.

metrics

________ network is a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works.

neural

At the _________ level do employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations.

operational

At which level do employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations?

operational

A _____ chart is a type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole.

pie

What rotates data to display alternative presentations of the data?

pivot

What is a temporary activity a company undertakes to create a unique product, service, or result?

project

The structure of a typical organization is similar to a __________, and the different levels require different types of information to assist in decision making, problem solving, and opportunity capturing.

pyramid

Case-based _________ is a method whereby new problems are solved based on the solutions from similar cases solved in the past.

reasoning

What types of decisions occur in situations in which a few established processes help to evaluate potential solutions, but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision? ex) Changing employee benefits

semistructured decisions

A sparkline is a small embedded line graph that illustrates a _____________ trend. Sparklines are often used in reports, presentations, dashboards, and scoreboards.

single

_______ documents are the original transaction record.

source

what type of decisions affect how the firm is run from day to day; they are the domain of operations managers, who are the closest to the customer?

Operational decisions

What are baseline values the system seeks to attain?

benchmarks

_______ systems are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems.

expert

__________ is a process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those results to optimal system.

benchmarking

____________ MIS metrics measure the performance of MIS itself, such as throughput, transaction speed, and system availability.

efficiency

Which is a semistructured decision?

employee benefit change

What is a wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD)?

google glass

What is a chart displaying a graphical representation of the change of a variable over time?

time series

True or false: With machine learning, machines are able to act without human programs detailing how to perform tasks.

true

What does fuzzy logic assign as values to vague or ambiguous information?

0 to 1

________ reality is the viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it.

Augmented

Which decisions arise in situations where established processes offer potential solutions?

Structured

_______ data encompasses all raw facts contained within a single process and its purpose is to support daily operational tasks.

Transactional

What is another name for a pivot?

rotation

__________-structured decisions occur in situations in which a few established processes help to evaluate potential solutions, but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision.

semi

What simulates human thinking and behavior, such as the ability to reason and learn?

Artificial intelligence

What occurs when adding additional training examples by transforming existing examples?

Data augmentation

Which of the following is a primary type of MIS system for decision making?

Genetic algorithms

What refers to the level of detail in the model or the decision-making process?

Granularity

Select three features of a neural network.

Learning and adjusting to new circumstances on their own Lending themselves to massive parallel processing Coping with huge volumes of information with many dependent variables

What is a problem caused by using training data that is influenced by cultural or other stereotypes?

Prejudice bias

What encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions?

analytical information

__________ information encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions.

analytical information

Data _________ occurs when adding additional training examples by transforming existing examples.

augmentation

What is a chart or graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent?

bar

A histogram is a graphical display of data using ______ of different heights.

bars

What are the most successful solutions or problem solving methods that have been developed by a specific organization or industry?

best practices

What is a method whereby new problems are solved based on the solutions from similar cases solved in the past?

case-based

_______ is the aggregation of data from simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information.

consolidation

Digital __________ track KPIs and CSFs by compiling information from multiple sources and tailoring it to meet user needs.

dashboards

Select the system that models information using OLAP, which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action?

decision support system

______ learning is a process that employs specialized algorithms to model and study complex datasets; the method is also used to establish relationships among data and datasets.

deep

What is a process that employs specialized algorithms to model and study and establish relationships among data and datasets?

deep learning

__________ MIS metrics measure the impact MIS has on business processes and activities, including customer satisfaction and customer conversion rates.

effectiveness

Select two unstructured decisions.

enter new market or industry

A(n) ________ information system is a specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured, long-term, nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation,and insight.

executive

What are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems?

expert system

________ logic is a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information.

fuzzy

_________ algorithm is an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem.

genetic

__________ -seeking analysis finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output.

goal

What type of decisions concern how the organization should achieve the goals and objectives set by its strategy, and they are usually the responsibility of mid-level management?

managerial

________ is the process within a genetic algorithm of randomly trying combinations and evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome.

mutation

What indicates the earning power of a project?

return on investment

What is the original transaction record?

source document

What is a small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend?

sparkline

What types of decisions involve higher level issues concerned with the overall direction of the organization; these decisions define the organization's overall goals and aspirations for the future?

strategic

___________ reality is a computer-simulated environment that can be a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world.

virtual

________-if analysis checks the impact of a change in a variable or assumption on the model.

what

A virtual _________ is a work environment that is not located in any one physical space.

workspace

Select two types of DSS systems.

A system to diagnose and treat patients A system that identifies risks for insurance companies

What are the crucial steps companies perform to achieve their goals and objectives and implement their strategies?

CSF

Select the three structured decisions that are almost repetitive in nature and affect short-term business strategies.

Creating employee staffing schedules Creating weekly production schedules Reordering inventory

What is a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information?

Fuzzy logic

Select three examples of features that may be included in a digital dashboard for a manufacturing team.

Graph of stock market prices List of KPIs List of outstanding alerts

What is the primary difference between KPIs and CSFs?

KPI are more specific

Select three characteristics of strategic decisions.

Long term, yearly, and multi-year time frames Senior management, presidents, leaders, and executives employee types Unstructured, nonrecurring, one time decision types

weak al strong al

Machines that can still make their own decisions based on reasoning and past sets of data. Refers to the field of artificial intelligence that works toward providing brain-like powers to AI machines; in effect, it works to make machines as intelligent as the humans.

At which level do employees are continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change?

Managerial level

Select three characteristics of managerial decisions.

Middle management and director employee types Semistructured, ad hoc reporting decision types Short term, daily, monthly, and yearly time frames

What is the capture of transaction and event information using technology to (1) process the information according to defined business rules, (2) store the information, and (3) update existing information to reflect the new information?

Online transaction processing (OLTP)

Which type of analysis finds the optimum value for a target variable by repeatedly changing other variables, subject to specified constraints?

Optimization analysis

What is a common type of transaction processing system?

Order entry system

Select the three characteristics of online transactional processing.

Processes the information according to defined business rules Updates existing information to reflect the new information Stores the information

______ analysis is the study of the impact on other variables when one variable is changed repeatedly.

Sensitivity

What is the study of the impact on other variables when one variable is changed repeatedly?

Sensitivity analysis

What is the digital dashboard analytical capability that allows users to look at information from different perspectives, such as viewing all product sales during a single promotion vs. a single product's sales across multiple promotions?

Slice-and-dice

Select the three characteristics of operational information.

Structured, recurring, repetitive decision types Short term and day-to-day operational time frames Analysts and staff employee types

What is the basic business system that serves the operational level (analysts) and assists in making structured decisions?

Transaction processing system

__________ produces graphical displays of patterns and complex relationships in large amounts of data.

Visualization

Online ____________ processing is the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making.

analytical