CIS 2.1
Select the three primary decision-making challenges facing managers today.
Manager must make decisions quickly Managers need to analyze large amounts of information Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as Porter's strategies or forecasting, to make strategic decisions
select three examples of analytical information.
Market projections Sales trends Future growth projections
How can a spreadsheet program, such as Microsoft Office Excel, help managers make decisions?
Modeling relationships
Overfitting Underfitting
Occurs when a machine learning model matches the training data so closely that the model fails to make correct predictions on new data. Occurs when a machine learning model has poor predictive abilities because it did not learn the complexity in the training data.
Which of the following occurs when a machine learning model matches the training data so closely that the model fails to make correct predictions on new data?
Overlifting
_______ learning is the training of machine learning models to make a sequence of decisions.
Reinforcement
What is the training of machine learning models to make a sequence of decisions?
Reinforcement learning
What enables users to view details, and details of details, of information?
drill down
A(n) ___________ interface uses technology allowing humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements—for example, a cell phone vibrating in your pocket
haptic
Return on _________ indicates the earning power of a project.
investment
What are the quantifiable metrics a company uses to evaluate progress toward critical success factors?
key
__________ performance indicators are the quantifiable metrics a company uses to evaluate progress toward critical success factors.
key
What is a type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn?
machine learning
At the __________ level, employees are continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change.
managerial
______ share is the proportion of the market that a firm captures.
market
________ are measurements that evaluate results to determine whether a project is meeting its goals.
metrics
________ network is a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works.
neural
At the _________ level do employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations.
operational
At which level do employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations?
operational
A _____ chart is a type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole.
pie
What rotates data to display alternative presentations of the data?
pivot
What is a temporary activity a company undertakes to create a unique product, service, or result?
project
The structure of a typical organization is similar to a __________, and the different levels require different types of information to assist in decision making, problem solving, and opportunity capturing.
pyramid
Case-based _________ is a method whereby new problems are solved based on the solutions from similar cases solved in the past.
reasoning
What types of decisions occur in situations in which a few established processes help to evaluate potential solutions, but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision? ex) Changing employee benefits
semistructured decisions
A sparkline is a small embedded line graph that illustrates a _____________ trend. Sparklines are often used in reports, presentations, dashboards, and scoreboards.
single
_______ documents are the original transaction record.
source
what type of decisions affect how the firm is run from day to day; they are the domain of operations managers, who are the closest to the customer?
Operational decisions
What are baseline values the system seeks to attain?
benchmarks
_______ systems are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems.
expert
__________ is a process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those results to optimal system.
benchmarking
____________ MIS metrics measure the performance of MIS itself, such as throughput, transaction speed, and system availability.
efficiency
Which is a semistructured decision?
employee benefit change
What is a wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD)?
google glass
What is a chart displaying a graphical representation of the change of a variable over time?
time series
True or false: With machine learning, machines are able to act without human programs detailing how to perform tasks.
true
What does fuzzy logic assign as values to vague or ambiguous information?
0 to 1
________ reality is the viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it.
Augmented
Which decisions arise in situations where established processes offer potential solutions?
Structured
_______ data encompasses all raw facts contained within a single process and its purpose is to support daily operational tasks.
Transactional
What is another name for a pivot?
rotation
__________-structured decisions occur in situations in which a few established processes help to evaluate potential solutions, but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision.
semi
What simulates human thinking and behavior, such as the ability to reason and learn?
Artificial intelligence
What occurs when adding additional training examples by transforming existing examples?
Data augmentation
Which of the following is a primary type of MIS system for decision making?
Genetic algorithms
What refers to the level of detail in the model or the decision-making process?
Granularity
Select three features of a neural network.
Learning and adjusting to new circumstances on their own Lending themselves to massive parallel processing Coping with huge volumes of information with many dependent variables
What is a problem caused by using training data that is influenced by cultural or other stereotypes?
Prejudice bias
What encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions?
analytical information
__________ information encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions.
analytical information
Data _________ occurs when adding additional training examples by transforming existing examples.
augmentation
What is a chart or graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent?
bar
A histogram is a graphical display of data using ______ of different heights.
bars
What are the most successful solutions or problem solving methods that have been developed by a specific organization or industry?
best practices
What is a method whereby new problems are solved based on the solutions from similar cases solved in the past?
case-based
_______ is the aggregation of data from simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information.
consolidation
Digital __________ track KPIs and CSFs by compiling information from multiple sources and tailoring it to meet user needs.
dashboards
Select the system that models information using OLAP, which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action?
decision support system
______ learning is a process that employs specialized algorithms to model and study complex datasets; the method is also used to establish relationships among data and datasets.
deep
What is a process that employs specialized algorithms to model and study and establish relationships among data and datasets?
deep learning
__________ MIS metrics measure the impact MIS has on business processes and activities, including customer satisfaction and customer conversion rates.
effectiveness
Select two unstructured decisions.
enter new market or industry
A(n) ________ information system is a specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured, long-term, nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation,and insight.
executive
What are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems?
expert system
________ logic is a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information.
fuzzy
_________ algorithm is an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem.
genetic
__________ -seeking analysis finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output.
goal
What type of decisions concern how the organization should achieve the goals and objectives set by its strategy, and they are usually the responsibility of mid-level management?
managerial
________ is the process within a genetic algorithm of randomly trying combinations and evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome.
mutation
What indicates the earning power of a project?
return on investment
What is the original transaction record?
source document
What is a small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend?
sparkline
What types of decisions involve higher level issues concerned with the overall direction of the organization; these decisions define the organization's overall goals and aspirations for the future?
strategic
___________ reality is a computer-simulated environment that can be a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world.
virtual
________-if analysis checks the impact of a change in a variable or assumption on the model.
what
A virtual _________ is a work environment that is not located in any one physical space.
workspace
Select two types of DSS systems.
A system to diagnose and treat patients A system that identifies risks for insurance companies
What are the crucial steps companies perform to achieve their goals and objectives and implement their strategies?
CSF
Select the three structured decisions that are almost repetitive in nature and affect short-term business strategies.
Creating employee staffing schedules Creating weekly production schedules Reordering inventory
What is a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information?
Fuzzy logic
Select three examples of features that may be included in a digital dashboard for a manufacturing team.
Graph of stock market prices List of KPIs List of outstanding alerts
What is the primary difference between KPIs and CSFs?
KPI are more specific
Select three characteristics of strategic decisions.
Long term, yearly, and multi-year time frames Senior management, presidents, leaders, and executives employee types Unstructured, nonrecurring, one time decision types
weak al strong al
Machines that can still make their own decisions based on reasoning and past sets of data. Refers to the field of artificial intelligence that works toward providing brain-like powers to AI machines; in effect, it works to make machines as intelligent as the humans.
At which level do employees are continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change?
Managerial level
Select three characteristics of managerial decisions.
Middle management and director employee types Semistructured, ad hoc reporting decision types Short term, daily, monthly, and yearly time frames
What is the capture of transaction and event information using technology to (1) process the information according to defined business rules, (2) store the information, and (3) update existing information to reflect the new information?
Online transaction processing (OLTP)
Which type of analysis finds the optimum value for a target variable by repeatedly changing other variables, subject to specified constraints?
Optimization analysis
What is a common type of transaction processing system?
Order entry system
Select the three characteristics of online transactional processing.
Processes the information according to defined business rules Updates existing information to reflect the new information Stores the information
______ analysis is the study of the impact on other variables when one variable is changed repeatedly.
Sensitivity
What is the study of the impact on other variables when one variable is changed repeatedly?
Sensitivity analysis
What is the digital dashboard analytical capability that allows users to look at information from different perspectives, such as viewing all product sales during a single promotion vs. a single product's sales across multiple promotions?
Slice-and-dice
Select the three characteristics of operational information.
Structured, recurring, repetitive decision types Short term and day-to-day operational time frames Analysts and staff employee types
What is the basic business system that serves the operational level (analysts) and assists in making structured decisions?
Transaction processing system
__________ produces graphical displays of patterns and complex relationships in large amounts of data.
Visualization
Online ____________ processing is the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making.
analytical
