CIS 498 MID TERM EXAM

In a weighted scoring model, the sum of the weights of all the criteria must total _____ percent. 10 150 100 50

100

Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle? The final submission of the project deliverables after which the project is terminated The point of time in the project lifecycle after which it is impossible to terminate a running project A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated The period of time given to managers during the feasibility phases to decide on the cost, quality, and time constraints for the project

A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated

Which of the following is recommended for the creation of a good WBS? The work content of a WBS item is independent of the WBS items below it. A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS. Each WBS item should be created assuming that the requirements are inflexible. Any WBS item should be the responsibility of all the people working on it.

A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.

Which of the following best describes outsourcing? An organization setting up manufacturing and retailing facilities in a new country An organization selling its products in a market outside its domestic market An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source An organization's use of virtual teams with employees located in different countries

An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source

Which of the following questions reflect the strategic goals of project portfolio management? Are we investing in the right areas? Are we carrying out projects well? Do stakeholders know what they should be doing? Are projects on time and on budget?

Are we investing in the right areas?

_____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved. Defining scope Creating scope Controlling scope Validating scope

Defining scope

_____ involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project. Developing the project charter Developing the preliminary project scope statement Performing integrated change control Developing the project management plan

Developing the project charter

Which of the following tools are most likely to be used in project time management? Fishbone diagrams Gantt charts Payback analysis Impact matrices

Gantt charts

Which of the following project management knowledge areas primarily involve generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information? Project cost management Project procurement management Project time management Project communications management

Project communications management

Which of the following project management knowledge areas is an overarching function that affects and is affected by the different knowledge areas? Project integration management Project cost management Project stakeholder management Project communications management

Project integration management

Which of the following is a difference between project management and portfolio management? Project management involves making wise investment decisions whereas portfolio management does not. Portfolio management is an easy task whereas project management is a more difficult task. Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals. Portfolio management asks questions like, "Are we carrying out projects efficiently?" whereas project management asks questions such as "Are we investing in the right areas?"

Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals.

Which of the following is a difference between projects and operations? Operations are undertaken to create unique products, services, or results whereas projects are not. Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature. Projects are undertaken to sustain an organization's business whereas operations are not. Operations have well-defined objectives whereas projects do not need to have a unique purpose.

Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature.

_____ refers to the process of developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system. Variance Decomposition Prototyping Use case modeling

Prototyping

The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation. waterfall life cycle spiral life cycle incremental build life cycle RAD life cycle

RAD life cycle

Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams? Increased costs for office space and support Limited flexibility in team working hours Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information Reduced dependence on technology and processes for accomplishing work

Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information

Galaxy, a construction company, buys a particular brand of tiles manufactured by Tiles and Floors, an eco-friendly tile manufacturing company. However, Tiles and Floors has declared bankruptcy and closed down. At present, Galaxy is facing a crisis because there are no other manufacturers in the market that supplies eco-friendly tiles. Which of the following constraints is Galaxy currently facing? Resources Cost Time Scope

Resources

_____ involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders. Scope validation Scope planning Scope control Scope baseline

Scope validation

_____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs. Linear programming Principal component analysis Independent component analysis Systems analysis

Systems analysis

Steve, an engineer in a construction company, is at present working on a home construction project. The home is being built for the Robinson family, the owners of the home. Steve is working with his project team and support staff to ensure the project is completed on time. In such a scenario, the project sponsor is _____. the project team Steve the Robinson family the support staff

The Robinson family

Which of the following is true of projects? They have an indefinite beginning and end. They are developed using regressive elaboration. They are permanent in nature. They have a unique purpose.

They have a unique purpose.

Which of the following is true of low-end tools of the project management software? Their main advantage is that they have unlimited functionality. They are referred to as an enterprise project management software. They are designed for especially large projects with multiple users. They provide basic project management features.

They provide basic project management features

Which of the following is true of program managers? They recognize that managing a program is simpler than managing a project. They are responsible solely for the delivery of project results. They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program. They report to project managers who represent the next level in the hierarchy.

They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program.

_____refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other. Member identity People focus Group emphasis Unit integration

Unit integration

_____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them. Prototyping JAD RAD Use case modeling

Use case modeling

_____ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables. Defining scope Creating scope Controlling scope Validating scope

Validating scope

_____ refers to the difference between planned and actual performance. Scope creep Scope validation Variance Decomposition

Variance

An IT company revises its process parameters in response to complaints from vendors that products were not ready on time. This would be an example of _____. cost forecasting a preventive action defect repairs a corrective action

a corrective action

An important tool for project scope management is _____. a work breakdown structure a Gantt chart fast tracking crashing

a work breakdown structure

The project schedule information section of the project management plan includes ____. a directory of staff involved in the project a detailed budget a list of key deliverables an elaborate timetable

an elaborate timetable

In the _____approach for constructing a WBS, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point. bottom-up mind-mapping analogy top-down

analogy

Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization is known as _____. decomposition prototyping benchmarking variance

benchmarking

In the _____ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS. analogy bottom-up top-down mind mapping

bottom-up

The _____ stage of information technology planning outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology. business area analysis information technology strategy planning resource allocation project planning

business area analysis

Project procurement management mainly involves: identifying and analyzing stakeholder needs while managing and controlling their engagement. generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information. buying goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization. making effective use of the people involved with the project.

buying goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.

A(n) _____ is a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be modified, the people authorized to make modifications, and the paperwork required for these changes. project charter change control system WBS performance report

change control system

A _____ is a tool used in quality management. request for proposal checklist critical path analysis probability matrice

checklist

A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of the work involved is created. concept implementation close-out acquisition

concept

The main technique used in creating a WBS is _____, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. conglomeration accumulation catalyzation decomposition

decomposition

A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project. input resource deliverable system

deliverable

The term ______ describes a product produced as part of a project. deliverable work package scope variance

deliverable

The first step in determining the NPV is to _____. calculate the net present value determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces determine the cash flow determine the discount rate

determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces

The majority of time on a project is usually spent on _____, as is most of the project's budget. execution monitoring and controlling planning closing

execution

The symbolic perspective of an organization: focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization. focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management. views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.

focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.

Enterprise project management softwares are also known as _____ tools of project management software. low-end midrange high-end baseline

high-end

Team building exercises and motivation techniques are tools used in _____ management. procurement cost scope human resource

human resource

The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. political human resources structural symbolic

human resources

The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities. incremental build life cycle spiral life cycle waterfall life cycle RAD life cycle

incremental build life cycle

The _____ technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks. analogy mind mapping top-down bottom-up

mind mapping

The outputs of the _____ process include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates. monitoring and controlling planning executing initiating

monitoring and controlling

The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. unit integration member identity people focus group emphasis

people focus

Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management. monitoring and controlling executing planning closing

planning

A _____ is a tool used in risk management. probability matrice critical path analysis project organizational chart work breakdown structure

probability matrice

A _____ is a document that recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. project charter stakeholder register directive risk register

project charter

The _____ section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes. management objectives project controls risk management technical processes

project controls

A _____ is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project's execution and control. business case project management plan scope statement statement of work

project management plan

In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints. resource allocation business area analysis information technology strategy planning project planning

project planning

The _____ section of the project plan should describe the major project functions and activities and identify those individuals who are in charge of them. other organizational or process-related information management objectives organizational charts project responsibilities

project responsibilities

The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project. support staff member project manager project team project sponsor

project sponsor

In the _____ model, developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously. incremental build life cycle prototyping life cycle RAD life cycle spiral life cycle

prototyping life cycle

The _____ is the minimum acceptable rate of return on an investment. internal rate of return discount rate required rate of return capitalization rate

required rate of return

The ______ documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed. requirements traceability matrix requirements management plan WBS project scope statement

requirements management plan

In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects. information technology strategy planning resource allocation business area analysis project planning

resource allocation

The _____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project. Gantt chart project charter scope statement WBS

scope statement

A difference between strategic and tactical goals is that: tactical goals are more important for a project than strategic goals. strategic goals are more specific than tactical goals. tactical goals encompass broader dimensions than strategic goals. strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.

strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.

The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management. symbolic frame structural frame human resources frame political frame

structural frame

Grey's Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey's have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company's dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients' through the salespeople's clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization. structural symbolic human resources political

symbolic

A _____ is usually not necessary to the Scrum method. velocity estimate Gantt chart product backlog team contract

team contract

The _____ section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information. technical processes management objectives project controls risk management

technical processes

In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____. the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment

the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results

In organizational culture, people focus refers to _____. the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization

the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization

In organizational culture, control refers to _____. the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results

the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior

Payback occurs when: the net cumulative benefits minus costs equal one. the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs. the cumulative benefits are double the cumulative costs. the net costs are lower than the cumulative benefits.

the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs.

The business case includes information on _____. policies, procedures, guidelines, and systems that influence a project's success the business need for the project relevant government or industry standards the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals

the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals

In the development phase of the project life cycle: managers prepare a preliminary or rough cost estimate for the required work. managers develop a business case, which describes the need for the project and basic underlying concepts. the project team delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS.

the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS.

Scope creep refers to: the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger. a task at the lowest level of the WBS. subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS.

the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.

Mind mapping can be used for developing WBSs using the top-down or bottom-up approach the analogy approach only any approach the bottom-up or analogy approach

the top-down or bottom-up approach

Fast tracking is an example of a tool used in _____ management. communication risk time quality

time

The first step in the planning process is _____. to perform a business area analysis to choose which projects to do and assigning resources to work on them to start defining potential IT projects in terms of their scope, benefits, and constraints to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan

to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan

The _____ approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail. mind mapping top-down analogy bottom-up

top-down

The _____ approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items. top-down bottom-up analogy mind mapping

top-down

The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined. spiral life cycle RAD life cycle incremental build life cycle waterfall life cycle

waterfall life cycle

A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project. work breakdown structure business case project charter project scope statement

work breakdown structure

A(n) ____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS. variance objective deliverable work package

work package

A project's internal rate of return can be determined by finding what discount rate results in an NPV of _____ for the project. zero fifty percent a hundred percent one

zero

_____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them. Validating scope Defining scope Collecting requirements Controlling scope

Collecting requirements

_____ are an example of external stakeholders for an organization. Top managers Functional managers Employees Competitors

Competitors

In which of the following areas of management is payback analysis most likely to be used? Communication Quality Cost Human resource

Cost

Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure? In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working on their projects. A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO.

In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

Which of the following is true of return on investment or ROI? The lower it is, the better. It is always a positive number. It is always a percentage. It is the result of adding the project costs to the profits.

It is always a percentage.

Which of the following is true of virtual teams? Negative incentives do not impact virtual team members. It is easier for a virtual team to build relationships and trust. It is important to select team members carefully. As they never meet, virtual teams do not have conflicts.

It is important to select team members carefully.

_____ uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems. Use case modeling RAD Prototyping JAD

JAD

Which of the following tools can best help in efficient communication management? Impact matrices Kick-off meetings Requests for quotes Fast tracking

Kick-off meetings

Which of the following types of tools is usually recommended for small projects and single users? High-end Midrange Upper range Low-end

Low-end

Which of the following are organizational process assets? Marketplace conditions Management systems The organization's infrastructure Government standards

Management systems

_____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession. People focus Member identity Unit integration Group emphasis

Member identity

_____ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time. Cost of capital Cash flow Net present value Payback

Net present value

_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. Organizational culture Organizational structure Chain of command Line of control

Organizational culture

Which of the following provides certification as a Project Management Professional? PMP PMI PMS PMC

PMI

Which of the following is a proactive process undertaken to reduce the probability of negative consequences associated with project risks? Defect repairs Performance reports Corrective actions Preventive actions

Preventive actions

A _____ is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization. Portfolio Group Project Management Center Project Management Professional Project Management Office

Project Management Office