CIS 498 MID TERM EXAM
In a weighted scoring model, the sum of the weights of all the criteria must total _____ percent. 10 150 100 50
100
Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle? The final submission of the project deliverables after which the project is terminated The point of time in the project lifecycle after which it is impossible to terminate a running project A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated The period of time given to managers during the feasibility phases to decide on the cost, quality, and time constraints for the project
A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated
Which of the following is recommended for the creation of a good WBS? The work content of a WBS item is independent of the WBS items below it. A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS. Each WBS item should be created assuming that the requirements are inflexible. Any WBS item should be the responsibility of all the people working on it.
A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.
Which of the following best describes outsourcing? An organization setting up manufacturing and retailing facilities in a new country An organization selling its products in a market outside its domestic market An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source An organization's use of virtual teams with employees located in different countries
An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source
Which of the following questions reflect the strategic goals of project portfolio management? Are we investing in the right areas? Are we carrying out projects well? Do stakeholders know what they should be doing? Are projects on time and on budget?
Are we investing in the right areas?
_____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved. Defining scope Creating scope Controlling scope Validating scope
Defining scope
_____ involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project. Developing the project charter Developing the preliminary project scope statement Performing integrated change control Developing the project management plan
Developing the project charter
Which of the following tools are most likely to be used in project time management? Fishbone diagrams Gantt charts Payback analysis Impact matrices
Gantt charts
Which of the following project management knowledge areas primarily involve generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information? Project cost management Project procurement management Project time management Project communications management
Project communications management
Which of the following project management knowledge areas is an overarching function that affects and is affected by the different knowledge areas? Project integration management Project cost management Project stakeholder management Project communications management
Project integration management
Which of the following is a difference between project management and portfolio management? Project management involves making wise investment decisions whereas portfolio management does not. Portfolio management is an easy task whereas project management is a more difficult task. Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals. Portfolio management asks questions like, "Are we carrying out projects efficiently?" whereas project management asks questions such as "Are we investing in the right areas?"
Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals.
Which of the following is a difference between projects and operations? Operations are undertaken to create unique products, services, or results whereas projects are not. Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature. Projects are undertaken to sustain an organization's business whereas operations are not. Operations have well-defined objectives whereas projects do not need to have a unique purpose.
Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature.
_____ refers to the process of developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system. Variance Decomposition Prototyping Use case modeling
Prototyping
The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation. waterfall life cycle spiral life cycle incremental build life cycle RAD life cycle
RAD life cycle
Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams? Increased costs for office space and support Limited flexibility in team working hours Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information Reduced dependence on technology and processes for accomplishing work
Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information
Galaxy, a construction company, buys a particular brand of tiles manufactured by Tiles and Floors, an eco-friendly tile manufacturing company. However, Tiles and Floors has declared bankruptcy and closed down. At present, Galaxy is facing a crisis because there are no other manufacturers in the market that supplies eco-friendly tiles. Which of the following constraints is Galaxy currently facing? Resources Cost Time Scope
Resources
_____ involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders. Scope validation Scope planning Scope control Scope baseline
Scope validation
_____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs. Linear programming Principal component analysis Independent component analysis Systems analysis
Systems analysis
Steve, an engineer in a construction company, is at present working on a home construction project. The home is being built for the Robinson family, the owners of the home. Steve is working with his project team and support staff to ensure the project is completed on time. In such a scenario, the project sponsor is _____. the project team Steve the Robinson family the support staff
The Robinson family
Which of the following is true of projects? They have an indefinite beginning and end. They are developed using regressive elaboration. They are permanent in nature. They have a unique purpose.
They have a unique purpose.
Which of the following is true of low-end tools of the project management software? Their main advantage is that they have unlimited functionality. They are referred to as an enterprise project management software. They are designed for especially large projects with multiple users. They provide basic project management features.
They provide basic project management features
Which of the following is true of program managers? They recognize that managing a program is simpler than managing a project. They are responsible solely for the delivery of project results. They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program. They report to project managers who represent the next level in the hierarchy.
They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program.
_____refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other. Member identity People focus Group emphasis Unit integration
Unit integration
_____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them. Prototyping JAD RAD Use case modeling
Use case modeling
_____ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables. Defining scope Creating scope Controlling scope Validating scope
Validating scope
_____ refers to the difference between planned and actual performance. Scope creep Scope validation Variance Decomposition
Variance
An IT company revises its process parameters in response to complaints from vendors that products were not ready on time. This would be an example of _____. cost forecasting a preventive action defect repairs a corrective action
a corrective action
An important tool for project scope management is _____. a work breakdown structure a Gantt chart fast tracking crashing
a work breakdown structure
The project schedule information section of the project management plan includes ____. a directory of staff involved in the project a detailed budget a list of key deliverables an elaborate timetable
an elaborate timetable
In the _____approach for constructing a WBS, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point. bottom-up mind-mapping analogy top-down
analogy
Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization is known as _____. decomposition prototyping benchmarking variance
benchmarking
In the _____ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS. analogy bottom-up top-down mind mapping
bottom-up
The _____ stage of information technology planning outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology. business area analysis information technology strategy planning resource allocation project planning
business area analysis
Project procurement management mainly involves: identifying and analyzing stakeholder needs while managing and controlling their engagement. generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information. buying goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization. making effective use of the people involved with the project.
buying goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.
A(n) _____ is a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be modified, the people authorized to make modifications, and the paperwork required for these changes. project charter change control system WBS performance report
change control system
A _____ is a tool used in quality management. request for proposal checklist critical path analysis probability matrice
checklist
A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of the work involved is created. concept implementation close-out acquisition
concept
The main technique used in creating a WBS is _____, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. conglomeration accumulation catalyzation decomposition
decomposition
A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project. input resource deliverable system
deliverable
The term ______ describes a product produced as part of a project. deliverable work package scope variance
deliverable
The first step in determining the NPV is to _____. calculate the net present value determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces determine the cash flow determine the discount rate
determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces
The majority of time on a project is usually spent on _____, as is most of the project's budget. execution monitoring and controlling planning closing
execution
The symbolic perspective of an organization: focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization. focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management. views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.
focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.
Enterprise project management softwares are also known as _____ tools of project management software. low-end midrange high-end baseline
high-end
Team building exercises and motivation techniques are tools used in _____ management. procurement cost scope human resource
human resource
The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. political human resources structural symbolic
human resources
The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities. incremental build life cycle spiral life cycle waterfall life cycle RAD life cycle
incremental build life cycle
The _____ technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks. analogy mind mapping top-down bottom-up
mind mapping
The outputs of the _____ process include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates. monitoring and controlling planning executing initiating
monitoring and controlling
The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. unit integration member identity people focus group emphasis
people focus
Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management. monitoring and controlling executing planning closing
planning
A _____ is a tool used in risk management. probability matrice critical path analysis project organizational chart work breakdown structure
probability matrice
A _____ is a document that recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. project charter stakeholder register directive risk register
project charter
The _____ section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes. management objectives project controls risk management technical processes
project controls
A _____ is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project's execution and control. business case project management plan scope statement statement of work
project management plan
In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints. resource allocation business area analysis information technology strategy planning project planning
project planning
The _____ section of the project plan should describe the major project functions and activities and identify those individuals who are in charge of them. other organizational or process-related information management objectives organizational charts project responsibilities
project responsibilities
The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project. support staff member project manager project team project sponsor
project sponsor
In the _____ model, developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously. incremental build life cycle prototyping life cycle RAD life cycle spiral life cycle
prototyping life cycle
The _____ is the minimum acceptable rate of return on an investment. internal rate of return discount rate required rate of return capitalization rate
required rate of return
The ______ documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed. requirements traceability matrix requirements management plan WBS project scope statement
requirements management plan
In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects. information technology strategy planning resource allocation business area analysis project planning
resource allocation
The _____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project. Gantt chart project charter scope statement WBS
scope statement
A difference between strategic and tactical goals is that: tactical goals are more important for a project than strategic goals. strategic goals are more specific than tactical goals. tactical goals encompass broader dimensions than strategic goals. strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.
strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.
The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management. symbolic frame structural frame human resources frame political frame
structural frame
Grey's Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey's have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company's dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients' through the salespeople's clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization. structural symbolic human resources political
symbolic
A _____ is usually not necessary to the Scrum method. velocity estimate Gantt chart product backlog team contract
team contract
The _____ section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information. technical processes management objectives project controls risk management
technical processes
In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____. the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment
the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results
In organizational culture, people focus refers to _____. the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization
the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization
In organizational culture, control refers to _____. the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results
the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior
Payback occurs when: the net cumulative benefits minus costs equal one. the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs. the cumulative benefits are double the cumulative costs. the net costs are lower than the cumulative benefits.
the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs.
The business case includes information on _____. policies, procedures, guidelines, and systems that influence a project's success the business need for the project relevant government or industry standards the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals
the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals
In the development phase of the project life cycle: managers prepare a preliminary or rough cost estimate for the required work. managers develop a business case, which describes the need for the project and basic underlying concepts. the project team delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS.
the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS.
Scope creep refers to: the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger. a task at the lowest level of the WBS. subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS.
the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.
Mind mapping can be used for developing WBSs using the top-down or bottom-up approach the analogy approach only any approach the bottom-up or analogy approach
the top-down or bottom-up approach
Fast tracking is an example of a tool used in _____ management. communication risk time quality
time
The first step in the planning process is _____. to perform a business area analysis to choose which projects to do and assigning resources to work on them to start defining potential IT projects in terms of their scope, benefits, and constraints to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan
to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan
The _____ approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail. mind mapping top-down analogy bottom-up
top-down
The _____ approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items. top-down bottom-up analogy mind mapping
top-down
The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined. spiral life cycle RAD life cycle incremental build life cycle waterfall life cycle
waterfall life cycle
A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project. work breakdown structure business case project charter project scope statement
work breakdown structure
A(n) ____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS. variance objective deliverable work package
work package
A project's internal rate of return can be determined by finding what discount rate results in an NPV of _____ for the project. zero fifty percent a hundred percent one
zero
_____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them. Validating scope Defining scope Collecting requirements Controlling scope
Collecting requirements
_____ are an example of external stakeholders for an organization. Top managers Functional managers Employees Competitors
Competitors
In which of the following areas of management is payback analysis most likely to be used? Communication Quality Cost Human resource
Cost
Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure? In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working on their projects. A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO.
In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.
Which of the following is true of return on investment or ROI? The lower it is, the better. It is always a positive number. It is always a percentage. It is the result of adding the project costs to the profits.
It is always a percentage.
Which of the following is true of virtual teams? Negative incentives do not impact virtual team members. It is easier for a virtual team to build relationships and trust. It is important to select team members carefully. As they never meet, virtual teams do not have conflicts.
It is important to select team members carefully.
_____ uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems. Use case modeling RAD Prototyping JAD
JAD
Which of the following tools can best help in efficient communication management? Impact matrices Kick-off meetings Requests for quotes Fast tracking
Kick-off meetings
Which of the following types of tools is usually recommended for small projects and single users? High-end Midrange Upper range Low-end
Low-end
Which of the following are organizational process assets? Marketplace conditions Management systems The organization's infrastructure Government standards
Management systems
_____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession. People focus Member identity Unit integration Group emphasis
Member identity
_____ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time. Cost of capital Cash flow Net present value Payback
Net present value
_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. Organizational culture Organizational structure Chain of command Line of control
Organizational culture
Which of the following provides certification as a Project Management Professional? PMP PMI PMS PMC
PMI
Which of the following is a proactive process undertaken to reduce the probability of negative consequences associated with project risks? Defect repairs Performance reports Corrective actions Preventive actions
Preventive actions
A _____ is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization. Portfolio Group Project Management Center Project Management Professional Project Management Office
Project Management Office