CIS CH 11

About ________ percent of the United States GDP is produced by the knowledge and information sectors. A) 15 B) 25 C) 45 D) 65 E) 85

45

Technology that consists of computer-based systems that attempt to emulate human behavior is called A) fuzzy logic. B) neural networks. C) AI technology. D) genetic algorithms. E) learning management systems.

AI technology.

________ seeks to enhance human perception by combining a live direct view of the physical world with computer-generated images. A) AR B) VRML C) CAD D) KWS E) LMS

AR

In this technique, descriptions of past experiences of human specialists are stored in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a situation with similar characteristics. A) CBR B) fuzzy logic C) data mining D) LMS E) expert systems

CBR

Because neural network applications cannot always explain why they arrive at a particular solution, they are not well suited for use in the medical profession.

FALSE

Case-based reasoning is not well-suited for diagnostic systems in medicine.

FALSE

Expert systems are the primary tools used for knowledge discovery.

FALSE

Expert systems work by applying a set of AND/OR rules against a knowledge base, both of which are extracted from human experts.

FALSE

Expertise is thought to be the collective and individual experience of applying knowledge to the solution of problems.

FALSE

Fuzzy logic systems "learn" patterns from large quantities of data by sifting through data, searching for relationships, building models, and correcting over and over again the model's own mistakes.

FALSE

Intelligent agents can discover underlying patterns, categories, and behaviors in large data sets.

FALSE

Intelligent techniques include CAD and VRML.

FALSE

Knowledge is universally applicable and easily moved.

FALSE

Knowledge workers include all of a company's workers who are tasked with managing or creating knowledge, from top-level scientists to clerical and data workers.

FALSE

Semistructured information is all the knowledge in a firm that resides in the heads of experienced employees.

FALSE

Structured knowledge is explicit knowledge that exists in informal documents.

FALSE

VRML requires the use of a powerful server as well as large amounts of bandwidth.

FALSE

While systems such as KWS can manage semistructured and unstructured information, enterprise-wide content management systems are designed to manage a firm's structured information.

FALSE

Which of the following statements about 3D printing is not true? A) It creates solid objects. B) It is also called additive manufacturing. C) It is only usable to make prototypes. D) It creates objects layer by layer. E) It uses specifications in a digital file.

It is only usable to make prototypes.

Which of the following does not describe the dimensions of knowledge in a firm? A) It is contextual and applicable only in relevant situations. B) It is intangible. C) It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns. D) It is a cognitive event involving mental models. E) It is enmeshed in a firm's culture.

It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns.

Which of the following is not a typical component or capability of an enterprise content management system? A) LMS B) social networking tools C) tagging tools D) digital asset management E) KWS

KWS

Specialized systems built for engineers, scientists, and other knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a company are called A) KWS. B) LMS. C) wikis. D) CAD systems. E) KMS.

KWS.

What is meant by the statement "knowledge is sticky"? A) Knowledge is hard to move. B) Knowledge is universally applicable. C) Knowledge works only in certain situations. D) Knowledge is intangible. E) Knowledge is difficult to replace.

Knowledge is hard to move.

Which of the following is not one of the main four dimensions of knowledge described in the chapter? A) Knowledge is a firm asset. B) Knowledge has different forms. C) Knowledge has a location. D) Knowledge is situational. E) Knowledge is timeless.

Knowledge is timeless.

Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of the importance of knowledge to a firm? A) Knowledge experiences network effects as more people share it. B) Knowledge should be seen as an intangible key asset. C) Knowledge enables firms to become more efficient in their use of scarce resources. D) Knowledge is unconditional. E) Much of the firm's value relies on being able to create knowledge.

Knowledge is unconditional.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between collaboration and knowledge management? A) Without knowledge, collaboration is difficult. B) Knowledge doesn't exist without collaboration. C) Knowledge is useful only when shared with others. D) As knowledge increases, so does collaboration. E) Knowledge is the end product of collaboration.

Knowledge is useful only when shared with others.

3-D printers can produce fully functioning components, such as working batteries and LEDs.

TRUE

Both structured and unstructured documents can contain knowledge.

TRUE

Expert systems are typically used in business in discrete, highly structured decision-making situations.

TRUE

Expert systems capture the knowledge of skilled employees in the form of a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization.

TRUE

For a firm, organizational resources are needed to transform data into knowledge.

TRUE

Fuzzy logic can describe a particular phenomenon or process linguistically and then represent that description in a small number of flexible rules.

TRUE

Hybrid AI applications are being implemented in home appliances, such as washing machines.

TRUE

Hardware and software that attempt to emulate the processing patterns of the biological brain best describe A) a neural network. B) an expert system. C) case-based reasoning. D) fuzzy logic. E) artificial intelligence.

a neural network.

Backward chaining is A) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user. B) the programming environment of an expert system. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis. E) a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using VRML.

a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis.

Forward chaining is A) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user. B) the programming environment of an expert system. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis. E) a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using VRML.

a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user.

An inference engine is A) a strategy for searching the rule base in case-based reasoning. B) the programming environment of an expert system. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system by forward chaining or backward chaining. E) a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using VRML.

a strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system by forward chaining or backward chaining.

A MOOC is A) a type of online course. B) an intelligent technique. C) a virtual reality system. D) a collaboration tool. E) a type of knowledge work system.

a virtual reality system.

Which type of intelligent agent models the behavior of consumers, stock markets, and more, by seeing them as autonomous agents that follow relatively simple rules for interaction? A) agent-based modeling B) MOOC C) augmented reality D) VRML E) genetic algorithm

agent-based modeling

The last step in the knowledge management value chain is A) feedback. B) acquire. C) disseminate. D) store. E) apply.

apply.

Investment workstations A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) provide an important source of expertise for organizations. C) allow groups to work together on documents. D) are used by senior executives to plan the financial future of firms. E) are used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations and manage the investment process.

are used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations and manage the investment process.

Which of the following is a type of intelligent technique? A) digital asset management B) case-based reasoning C) computer-aided design D) VRML E) LMS

case-based reasoning

Virtually all expert systems deal with problems of A) policy development. B) classification. C) logic and control. D) high complexity. E) imprecise rules.

classification.

What is the first value-adding step in the knowledge business value chain? A) acquire B) data and information acquisition C) store D) disseminate E) apply

data and information acquisition

Which of the following techniques is used for knowledge discovery? A) expert system B) transaction processing systems C) case-based reasoning D) data mining E) fuzzy logic

data mining

The flow of events or transactions captured by an organization's system describes A) information. B) data. C) wisdom. D) knowledge. E) experience.

data.

Genetic algorithms A) develop solutions to particular problems using fitness, crossover, and mutation. B) represent knowledge as groups of characteristics. C) do not work for most problems. D) are based on logic. E) seek to emulate a human expert's way of solving problems.

develop solutions to particular problems using fitness, crossover, and mutation.

You are advising a multimedia company on the best type of knowledge management system to help them archive digital video and sound clips. Which of the following will suit their needs? A) enterprise content management system B) digital asset management system C) CAD system D) VRML system E) LMS

digital asset management system

Which of the following systems digitizes, indexes, and tags documents according to a coherent framework? A) wikis B) CAD C) document management D) LMS E) KMS

document management

Which of the following are the three major types of knowledge management systems? A) management information systems, decision support systems, and transaction processing systems B) enterprise systems, customer support systems, and supply chain management systems C) database management systems, expert systems, and knowledge work systems D) enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, knowledge work systems, and intelligent techniques E) KMS, LMS, and KWS

enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, knowledge work systems, and intelligent techniques

Which of the following would not be classified as a knowledge work system? A) computer-aided design system B) 3D visualization system C) investment workstations D) expert system E) virtual reality system

expert system

You are an automotive engineer working on an application that will automatically parallel park a car. The intelligent technique you may find most useful is A) case-based reasoning. B) artificial intelligence. C) fuzzy logic. D) expert system. E) a neural network.

fuzzy logic.

Your company wants to develop intelligent techniques to create a "smart" oven that can perfectly cook basic foodstuffs, such as roasts and bread, using sensors and minimal input from the user. The system would know the difference between rare, medium rare, medium, and well done roasts. The category of intelligent technique that would describe this system is A) expert system. B) neural network. C) case-based reasoning. D) fuzzy logic. E) genetic algorithm.

fuzzy logic.

Systems that integrate different types of techniques, such as genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and expert systems, into a single application are called ________ systems. A) differential intelligence B) hybrid AI C) machine learning D) enterprise learning E) CAD

hybrid AI

What type of intelligent technique helped Procter & Gamble determine the most efficient methods for their trucks to deliver goods? A) fuzzy logic B) intelligent agents C) genetic algorithms D) neural networks E) CBR

intelligent agents

Apple's Siri application is an example of A) neural networks. B) CBR. C) artificial intelligence. D) intelligent agents. E) machine learning.

intelligent agents.

Software programs that work without direct human intervention to carry out specific tasks for individual users, business processes, or software applications, are called A) intelligent agents. B) intelligent techniques. C) business intelligence. D) AI hybrid systems. E) genetic algorithms.

intelligent agents.

To automate routine tasks to help firms search for and filter information for use in electronic commerce and supply chain management a firm would most likely use A) CAD systems. B) virtual reality systems. C) fuzzy logic systems. D) intelligent agents. E) genetic algorithms.

intelligent agents.

Fuzzy logic is a type of A) data mining. B) neural network. C) intelligent technique. D) business intelligence. E) case-based reasoning.

intelligent technique.

Tools for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning best describes a(n) A) investment workstation. B) organizational learning system. C) employee enrichment system. D) learning management system. E) employee management system.

learning management system.

The terms used in a fuzzy logic system to describe imprecise states or conditions are referred to as A) neural networks. B) membership functions. C) inference engines. D) taxonomies. E) tags.

membership functions.

A(n) ________ is a type of intelligent technique that finds patterns and relationships in massive data sets too large for a human to analyze. A) inference engine B) CAD C) expert system D) genetic algorithm E) neural network

neural network

Which of the following is not used to capture tacit knowledge? A) expert system B) case-based reasoning C) fuzzy logic D) neural network E) knowledge base

neural network

Most knowledge workers require specialized knowledge work systems, but they also rely on A) office systems. B) schools and universities. C) imaging systems. D) data transferring systems. E) external feeds.

office systems.

The set of business processes, culture, and behavior required to obtain value from investments in information systems is one type of A) knowledge culture. B) knowledge discovery. C) organizational and management capital. D) organizational routine. E) knowledge.

organizational and management capital.

Changing organizational behavior by sensing and responding to new experience and knowledge is called A) change management. B) knowledge networking. C) the knowledge value chain. D) organizational learning. E) knowledge management.

organizational learning.

Informal social networks of professionals and employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and interests are called communities of A) practice. B) professionals. C) interest. D) knowledge. E) expertise.

practice.

Virtual reality systems A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) provide an important source of expertise for organizations. C) allow groups to work together on documents. D) provide architects, engineers, and medical workers with precise, photorealistic simulations of objects. E) enable acquiring, storing, and disseminating knowledge documents in a virtual world.

provide architects, engineers, and medical workers with precise, photorealistic simulations of objects.

CAD workstations A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) provide an important source of expertise for organizations. C) allow groups to work together on documents. D) are high-end PCs used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantaneously and facilitate portfolio management. E) facilitate employee learning.

provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing.

Which of the following would not be considered semistructured knowledge? A) request for proposals B) voice-mail C) videos D) e-mail E) memos

request for proposals

Expertise of organizational members that has not been formally documented best describes A) wisdom. B) information. C) data. D) experience. E) tacit knowledge.

tacit knowledge.

In content management, once a taxonomy is developed, documents must then be ________ with the proper classification. A) tagged B) linked C) tupled D) referenced E) documented

tagged

A(n) ________ is a scheme for classifying information and knowledge in such a way that it can be easily accessed. A) KWS B) KMS C) taxonomy D) intelligent technique E) COP

taxonomy

The model of human knowledge used by expert systems is referred to as A) the knowledge base. B) CBR. C) a neural network. D) AI. E) an inference engine.

the knowledge base.

Expert systems are expensive and time consuming to maintain because A) their rule base is so complex. B) they rely on equipment that becomes outdated. C) their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules. D) only the person who created the system knows exactly how it works, and may not be available when changes are needed. E) it is difficult to program at this level of complexity without introducing software bugs.

their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules.

Expert systems A) solve problems too difficult for human experts. B) are based on DO WHILE rules. C) work in very limited domains. D) share characteristics with mainframe computing. E) are used for knowledge discovery.

work in very limited domains.

________ often are designed and optimized for the specific tasks to be performed. A) Graphics programs B) Knowledge workstations C) Virtual simulators D) CAD stations E) LMS

Knowledge workstations

________ is the study of how computer programs can improve their performance without explicit programming. A) Neural networks B) COP C) Genetic algorithms D) Machine learning E) Intelligent techniques

Machine learning

Which of the following describes a difference between neural networks and genetic algorithms? A) Genetic algorithms are designed to process large amounts of information. B) Genetic algorithms are a type of knowledge discovery, while neural networks are an intelligent technique. C) Neural networks are programmed to "learn." D) Genetic algorithms are designed to work with small amounts of data, while neural networks can handle large quantities of data. E) Neural networks are a type of machine learning, whereas genetic algorithms are static programs.

Neural networks are programmed to "learn."

________ knowledge exists in formal documents, as well as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing experts and their decision-making behaviors. A) Unstructured B) Tacit C) Management D) Explicit E) Semi-structured

Semi-structured