Vett 132: Small Animal Diseases and Medical Care II

16. What is the correct bleach dilution needed to disinfect a cage and fomites contaminated with Ringworm?

1:10 bleach: water

21. Directional Terms (5 and 6): Directions that the arrows are pointing. Surface of leg (3 and 4)

3 = Lateral Surface 4 = Medial Surface 5 = Proximal 6 = Distal

44. On this diagram, # 8 designates the ___________________. If this is removed during surgery for Cherry Eye, this may result in lower aqueous tear production and dry eye.

Accessory lacrimal gland

Epithelial

Adeno-

14. Bacteria that require oxygen to grow/reproduce is termed:

Aerobic

3. List in order the size of cells/microbes (largest to smallest order)

Animal cells, bacteria, viruses

The aqueous filled space found between the cornea and the iris is called the ___________.

Anterior chamber

18. The term __________ describes a product applied directly to the surface of living tissue to inhibit or destroy microbial growth.

Antiseptic

* In this diagram of the tear film of the eye, #2 designates the ______________ layer of the tear film, deficiency of which can result in dry eye. This can be tested using the Schirmer Tear Test.

Aqueous

24. The term that refers to a decrease in cell size is:

Atrophy

30. _________ tumors do not spread to other tissues and usually grow very slowly. Cells of this type of tumor are often surrounded by a capsule of dense tissue.

Benign

41. Inflammation of the eyelid is called ____________.

Blepharitis

50. The term that describes the involuntary contraction of eyelid muscles and is usually seen with painful conditions of the eye is:

Blepharospasm

Week 2

Body, Cells, Tissues, Oncology, Pain

Cartilage

Chondro-

The space between the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva (between the eyelid and eyeball) is known as the _________________________.

Conjunctival Sac

36. The space between the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva (between the eyelid and eyeball) is known as the

Conjunctival sac

In this diagram of the eye, identify # 5. This is the space or "pouch" formed between the eyelids and the globe and is an excellent space to instill medications to the eye. This space is found in both upper and lower areas.

Conjunctival sac

The use of topical steroids in the eye are contraindicated with which condition?

Corneal ulcer

The term __________ describes a product applied directly to an inanimate object to destroy or inactivate pathogenic microbes and these products are licensed by the EPA.

Disinfectant

39. The condition where cilia arise from Meibomian gland openings is known as ________________.

Distichiasis

The condition where cilia arise from Meibomian gland openings is known as ____________________.

Distichiasis

Cell grown and reproduction: In this diagram, "D" represents:

Dysplasia

45. This photo shows __________ of the lower lid.

Ectropion

12. The level of disease occurrence where the disease is found at a fairly constant, low incident rate in a group / population of animals is termed:

Endemic

The viruses that are typically easily destroyed by commonly used disinfectants are ___________ viruses:

Enveloped

The study of the cause, incidence, source, method of transmission, and distribution of disease in a population is termed:

Epidemiology

Mushrooms, yeast, mold, and mildew are all types of

Fungi

34. The study of the body and its parts with only the naked eye is termed:

Gross anatomy

On this illustration, "F" designates a _____________.

Hair follicle

17. Which of the following is generally the proper order for cleaning in a veterinary facility (start to finish)?

Healthy animals; Sick juvenile animals, Sick adults

Blood Vessels

Hemangio-

________________ is the term used to describe the relatively constant states maintained by the body.

Homeostasis

31. The term that describes excessive cell reproduction and results in an increase in the number of cells is:

Hyperplasia

The term that describes excessive cell reproduction and results in an increase in the number of cells is:

Hyperplasia

Cell growth and reproduction: In this diagram, "B" represents cell ________________.

Hypertrophy

The condition that occurs due to lack of aqueous tear secretion is:

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

48. The aqueous layer of tears is produced by the _________________ glands.

Lacrimal

The aqueous layer of tears is produced by the _______________ glands.

Lacrimal

42. On this diagram, # 1 designates the openings on the eyelids (1 on the upper and 1 on the lower) that help drain tears from the eye and are called the __________________.

Lacrimal puncta

Fat

Lipo-

_______________ tumors are not encapsulated and tend to spread to other regions of the body.

Malignant

Week 1

Mechanisms of Disease; Sanitation

38. The oil layer of the tear film is produced by the __________ glands:

Meibomian

46. Which of the following is the most common eyelid neoplasm in dogs?

Meibomian Adenoma

22. The process by which cancer cells spread from a primary tumor to secondary locations such as lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs is known as:

Metastasis

Medications instilled in the eye may reach the mouth via:

Nasolacrimal duct

The term that describes new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant is:

Neoplasia

In this photo, "5" is pointing to the ___________.

Nictitating Membrane

The prominent structure seen in this cat is the:

Nictitating Membrane

The abbreviation for the "right eye" is ________.

OD

Bone

Osteo-

The tissue that lines the interior surfaces of the eyelids is known as the ____________.

Palpebral conjunctiva

The science of the functions of organs and systems is:

Physiology

The medical term that describes displacement of the eyeball out of the eye socket with the eyelids trapped behind the globe is __________. This is a medical emergency.

Proptosis

The thin layer of light sensitive nerve tissue in the back of the eye that contains rods and cones is the:

Retina

33. This dog is positioned in _________________.

Right lateral recumbency

15. The term that describes a case where an animal is infected but no clinical signs are present is:

Subclinical or Asymptomatic

The iridescent reflecting tissue layer of the choroid (just behind the retina) that amplifies light and is important for nocturnal animals ability to see objects in low light conditions is the ____________.

Tapetum

6. The term that describes the orderly classification of organisms into groups and assigns a scientific name to an organism is:

Taxonomy

In bacteriology, the term 'normal flora' is best defined as:

The microbes indigenous to a given organ system such as the skin or the gastrointestinal system

13. Some bacteria are capable of producing spores which allow them to survive in the environment for a prolonged period of time.

True

23. Some cancers can spread locally while others types spread via lymphatics and blood vessels.

True

7. The species name of organisms is not capitalized.

True

A normal, healthy cornea is avascular.

True

Eyelids are somewhat resistant to infection and tend to heal rapidly after trauma due to the rich vascular tissue in the lids.

True

Incubation period is the time from first contact with the infectious agent until clinical signs begin.

True

The viruses that are generally more difficult to destroy with commonly used disinfectants are ________ viruses. (Examples include Parvovirus and Feline Panleukopenia)

"Naked"/ Non-enveloped

11. How can microbes enter the body of a susceptible host? (Check all that apply)

- Ingestion - GI tract - Inhaled into respiratory tract - Mucous membranes - Skin wounds

8. Description of bacteria include:

- Simple cells with no true nucleus - Prokaryotes

37. Which of the following can cause eyelid and adnexa abnormalities?

-Congenital problems -Trauma -Neoplasia -Inflammation

Which of the following are true statements regarding fungal infections?

-Fungal infections usually progress slowly -Fungal infections are rarely serious unless the immune system is weakened -Fungal infections typically begin in the lungs or on the skin -Fungal infections are rarely passed from one person or animal to another (except for some superficial skin infections.)

20. What volume of household bleach (5.25% bleach) would you add to 1 gallon of water to disinfect a cage contaminated with Ringworm?

1 1/2 cups bleach to 1 gallon of water

The commonly seen condition shown in this photo is _____________, which can be caused by many things.

Conjunctivitis

40. The term that describes the rolling in of the eyelid is:

Entropion

Week 3

Eye I Extraocular

The term that refers to an increase in cell size is:

Hypertrophy

4. The term that describes a disorder of unknown cause is ____________.

Idiopathic

32. A / an _____________ is defined as a structure made up of several different kinds of tissues so arranged that, together, they can perform a special function.

Organ

Week 5

Week 4 Week 5

Exam 1 Study Guide

Weeks 1-3

19. Which of the following are true statements? (Check all that apply)

- Un-enveloped viruses are more resistant to many disinfectants - Some disinfectants can be toxic to pets. - Some microbes are only inactivated by certain disinfectants

10. The major group/s of microbes that may cause diseases in animals include which of the following? (Check all that apply)

- Viruses - Bacteria - Protozoa - Fungi

Which of the following are true statements regarding the lipid layer of the tear film? (Check all that apply)

-- Helps reduce evaporation of the other layers. -- Produced by the meibomian glands.

* Why do cancer patients lose weight? (Check all that apply)

--Tumor-related biochemical alterations that lead to inefficient metabolism of consumed calories. --Due to complications caused by anticancer therapy --Due to reduced nutrient intake secondary to the physical location of the tumor.

1. Bacteria are classified as to:

-Anaerobic or aerobic requirements -Gram staining -Shape

2. When studying diseases, some of the things that epidemiologists look at include: (Click all that apply)

-Location of cases of disease -Factors in common between affected animals -Animals affected -Risk factors -Clinical signs

43. Which of the following is/are part of the lacrimal apparatus?

-Nasolacrimal ducts -Accessory gland of the 3rd eyelid -Meibomian glands -Lacrimal glands

Which of the following factors may predispose an animal or human to fungal infections?

-Prolonged antibiotic treatment -Occupational exposure -Underlying or primary disease -Age of animal

35. Common clinical signs of pain or distress in animals include which of the following?

-Salivation -Tachycardia -Shivering -Panting -Inappetence

Noninfectious disease mechanisms include:

-Trauma -Autoimmune -Nutritional

5. Viruses may be transmitted in various ways. Depending upon the virus, transmission may occur by which of the following routes? (Click all that apply)

-Vectors -Inhalation -Ingestion -Sexual transmission