CIVE 225 Final Exam

sum of interior angles

(n-2)x180

meridian

A line on the mean surface of the earth joining the north and south poles

deflection angle

a horizontal angle between the extension of a back or preceding line and the succeeding or next line forward

azimuth

azimuth is the direction of a line as given by an angle measured clockwise (usually) from the north end of a meridian.

bearing

bearing is the direction of a line as given by the acute angle between the line and a meridian.

departure

departure is the east/ west rectangular component of a line, and to differentiate direction, east is considered plus, and west is considered minus.

compass rule

distributes the errors in latitude and departure for each traverse course in the same proportion as the course distance is to the traverse perimeter.

open traverse

is a series of measured straight lines (and angles) that do not geometrically close.

zenith angle

is a vertical angle measured downward from the Zenith direction.

nadir angle

is a vertical angle measured upward from the nadir direction

Magnetic North

is the direction in which the north end of a compass needle or other freely suspended magnet will point in response to the earth's magnetic field. Magnetic north differs from True North in most places and is constantly changing.

Magnetic Declination

is the horizontal angle between the direction given by a compass needle and geographic north. Magnetic declination changes with respect to the changes in Magnetic North.

latitude

is the north/south rectangular component of a line, and to differentiate direction, north is considered plus, and south is considered minus.

Geographic North (True North)

is where lines of longitude (meridians) converge in the north pole. Also known as true meridian and central meridian.

closure precision

the closeness of one measurement to another Introduction to Measurements

error of traverse

the ratio of the distance by which a survey fails to close to the perimeter of the tract surveyed 2

closed traverse

traverse is either one that begins and ends at the same point or one that begins and ends at points whose positions have been previously determined

traverse

traverse is usually a control survey and is employed in all forms of legal, mapping, and engineering surveys.