Rehabilitation Science- Muscles Review

How many muscles are in a Human Body?

over 600 skeletal muscles

Origin

part of muscle that is attached to fixed part of bone (does not move)

Insertion

part of muscle that is attached to movable part of a bone

Prevention of DOMS

- good warm up - extended cool down - stretching before + after activity - cold bath

Isotonic Contraction

- when the muscle contracts and shortens - two types: concentric & eccentric

DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)

-cause ==> over-exercisng - 6-8 hours after exercise

Causes of Muscle Cramps

-dehydration -lack of flexibility -overuse -poor blood supply -potassium deficit

Muscle Contusion

-direct blow + blunt injury that does not break skin -symptoms: bruise/swelling/pain -treatment: ice + monitor + medication + compressive dressing - if not treated ==> calification

Isometric Contraction

-does not move the joint (no actual movement) -performed against a fixed resistance ex: wall sits

Characteristics of Muscle Tissue

-excitability (to respond to stimulation) -contractility (to shorten + produce a force) -extensibility ( to be stretched) -elasticity (to return to normal shape after stretched/contracted)

Isokinetic Contraction

-muscle change length during a contraction -produces movements at a constant speed -ex: stationary bike

Eccentric Contraction

-muscle lengthens while contracting -ex: bicep curl (as you are slowly lowering the weight)

Concentric Contraction

-muscle shortens while contracting -ex: bicep curl

Causes of Muscle Fatigue

-oxygen deficit/blood flow decrease -elevated body temperature -dehydration -lactic acid increase

Function of Muscles

-produce skeletal movement -maintain posture -protect soft tissue -maintain body temperature

Muscle Spasm

-reflex reaction caused by trauma -sudden contraction of muscle

Recovery of Muscle Fatigue

-rest + take in oxygen ==> convert lactic acid to glucose - increase levels of glycogen + oxygen -may take 48 hours

Muscle Tone

-state of partial contraction -slightly contracted/ready to pull -achieved through regular exercise + nutrition

Muscle Fatigue

-strenuous exercise ==> need more oxygen/blood unable to transport enough oxygen to breakdown glucose

Muscle Strain

-stretching or tearing of the muscle fibers - most common sites= hamstring + back -symptoms: pain/swelling/weakness

Muscle Cramps

-uncontrollable contraction= severe pain/restriction of movement

Muscle Strains (3 Tier Scale)

Grade 1- Mild *pain w/ little bruising *little to no loss of strength Grade 2- Moderate *pain/bruising/swelling *impaired muscle function Grade 3- Severe *loss of muscle function *defect

R.I.C.E.

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

Muscle belly

central body of the muscle

Hypertrophy

increase in size of muscle tissue

Agonist (Prime Mover)

muscle that provides movement in single direction (concentric)

Antagonist

muscle whose action opposes the action of another muscle (eccentric)

Tendon

tissue that connected muscles to bones

Atrophy

weakness + wasting away of muscle tissue