Rehabilitation Science- Muscles Review
How many muscles are in a Human Body?
over 600 skeletal muscles
Origin
part of muscle that is attached to fixed part of bone (does not move)
Insertion
part of muscle that is attached to movable part of a bone
Prevention of DOMS
- good warm up - extended cool down - stretching before + after activity - cold bath
Isotonic Contraction
- when the muscle contracts and shortens - two types: concentric & eccentric
DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)
-cause ==> over-exercisng - 6-8 hours after exercise
Causes of Muscle Cramps
-dehydration -lack of flexibility -overuse -poor blood supply -potassium deficit
Muscle Contusion
-direct blow + blunt injury that does not break skin -symptoms: bruise/swelling/pain -treatment: ice + monitor + medication + compressive dressing - if not treated ==> calification
Isometric Contraction
-does not move the joint (no actual movement) -performed against a fixed resistance ex: wall sits
Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
-excitability (to respond to stimulation) -contractility (to shorten + produce a force) -extensibility ( to be stretched) -elasticity (to return to normal shape after stretched/contracted)
Isokinetic Contraction
-muscle change length during a contraction -produces movements at a constant speed -ex: stationary bike
Eccentric Contraction
-muscle lengthens while contracting -ex: bicep curl (as you are slowly lowering the weight)
Concentric Contraction
-muscle shortens while contracting -ex: bicep curl
Causes of Muscle Fatigue
-oxygen deficit/blood flow decrease -elevated body temperature -dehydration -lactic acid increase
Function of Muscles
-produce skeletal movement -maintain posture -protect soft tissue -maintain body temperature
Muscle Spasm
-reflex reaction caused by trauma -sudden contraction of muscle
Recovery of Muscle Fatigue
-rest + take in oxygen ==> convert lactic acid to glucose - increase levels of glycogen + oxygen -may take 48 hours
Muscle Tone
-state of partial contraction -slightly contracted/ready to pull -achieved through regular exercise + nutrition
Muscle Fatigue
-strenuous exercise ==> need more oxygen/blood unable to transport enough oxygen to breakdown glucose
Muscle Strain
-stretching or tearing of the muscle fibers - most common sites= hamstring + back -symptoms: pain/swelling/weakness
Muscle Cramps
-uncontrollable contraction= severe pain/restriction of movement
Muscle Strains (3 Tier Scale)
Grade 1- Mild *pain w/ little bruising *little to no loss of strength Grade 2- Moderate *pain/bruising/swelling *impaired muscle function Grade 3- Severe *loss of muscle function *defect
R.I.C.E.
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
Muscle belly
central body of the muscle
Hypertrophy
increase in size of muscle tissue
Agonist (Prime Mover)
muscle that provides movement in single direction (concentric)
Antagonist
muscle whose action opposes the action of another muscle (eccentric)
Tendon
tissue that connected muscles to bones
Atrophy
weakness + wasting away of muscle tissue