civics chapter 2
fighting the _______ war was expensive, and britain expected the colonies to help pay off the resukting debt
French and Indian
interstate commerce
a compromise over commerce and the slave trade empowered congrss to regulate ___________ and foreign commerce but not to ba the slave trade before 1808
during the first session of the new congress, james madison intorduced a set of amendments (12) ten of which became the __________________________
bill of rights
the convention delegates supported the concept of separation of powers as expressed
by charles de montesquieu
a key feature of the colonial period was government established according to a ____ or constituiton
charter
a major reason for shays rebellion was that
citizens were upset about farm foreclosures
British policies spurred colonial_________ as colonist began to work together to take political action against perceived British oppression
community
following the declaration of Independence, states drafted and approved written _______ recognizing the people as the sole source of authority in a limited government
constituiton
committees or __________ formed a communication network to keep colonists in touch with each other and to urge resistance to the British
correspondence
an important accomplishment of the artc of confed was that it
created fair policies for settling lands west of the Appalachian mountains
the final draft of the _________ was approved by congress on July 4, 1776
declaration of independence
the dec of indep states that governments
derive their powers from the consent of the governed
the stamp act of 1765 imposed the first _____ tax on the colonist
direct
under the articles of confederation how were the sates represented i congress?
each state could send between 2-7 delegates to congress. each state had 1 vote in congress
in a general way describe the national government under the articles of confederation
each state retained significant independence and there was no strong central government
in the eyes of the british crown, the american colonies existed for the _______ benefit of Great Britain
economic
debate over the presidency was settled by creating the _________ system in which each sate selected electors who chose an executive to serve a four-year term
electoral college
Britain reacted to the first continental congress by weakening its control over the colonies t or f
false
Patrick Henry opposed the new constitution because it created a weak national government t or f
false
a major reason leaders such as Jefferson wanted a strong central government was their experiences with great Britain monarchy t or f
false
in colonial charters, all the power of the government was given to the governor t or f
false
the Virginia plan proposed a weaker executive branch than the new jersey plan t or f
false
under the articles of confederation, the government could borrow money and levy taxes t or f
false
while women could not vote, most colonies allowed all adult white men to vote. t or f
false
federalists promised a bill of rights, helpig attitudes to shift in favor of the consttiutuion. many small states ___________ the constituiotn becuase they were pleased with equal representaiton in the new senate
favored
the _______________ written largely by alexander hamiltion and james madison, answer the oppoisitions fears that a republic had to be small governmentr
federalist papers
the _______ continental congress imposed an embargo to prohibit trade with Britain and agreed to boycott, or not to buy, British goods
first
the Connecticut charter set up a representative government because it
gave people the right to elect the governor and judges
by 1776, the colonial governments
had significant experience in representative government
after considerable discussion, the first continental congress
imposed an embargo on Britain
because the rapidly growing colonies constanly needed new laws to cope with new circumstances, the colonial ____ became dominant in political life and provoded a training gorunds for coloial political leaders
legislatures
social contact came from the ____
leviathan
the concept that a governments power was not absolute came from the Magna Carta, which the English people came to regard as a guarantee of ___________
limited government
a serious problem following the revolutionary war was that
many states refused to help pay off extensive war debt
the declaration of independence drew on such enlightenment principles as ________ law, which is a system of moral principles regard as the basic for all human conduct
natural
John Locke reasoned that people have ________ as human beings and a government that faied to protect these frights was no longer legitiamte
natural rights
smaller, less populous states supported the ___________ plan, which proposed a unicammeral legislature with one vote for each state, a weak executive elected by congress, and a national judicairy appointed by the executive
new jersey
as Britain ____________ or money collected from taxing the colonies, increased, so did colonial resentment
revenue
the ___________ continental congress assumed the powers of a central government , organized and army and navy, make plans to issue money, and appointed George Washington as commander of the continental army
second
in the federalist, no. 10 James Madison argued in favor of a large republic because
the chances of the majority having common motives would decrease
following the declaration of independence, the second continental congress instructed the states to begin writing constitutions t or f
true
in 1787 the states met to revise the articles of confederation, but instead wrote the constitution t or f
true
in order for the bill of rights to become part of the constitution it has to be approved by congress and ratified by the states t or f
true
many people believe the inalienable rights set forth in the declaration of independence are not human-made but come from higher powers t or f
true
pilgrim leaders wrote the mayflower compact to provide rules for governing themselves. t or f
true
shays rebellion forced leaders to realize that the articles were too weak t or f
true
the colonists were familiar with representative government from britains parliment t or f
true
the judeo-christian concept of an agreemnet between man and god influenced the early colonists view of the role of government. t or f
true
the major debates at the constitutional convention were not over the basic ideas of the new government, but how they would put these ideas into practice t or f
true
the members of the second continental congress supported republicanism by establishing a legislature in their new government t or f
true
the three-fifths compromise lasted until the fourteenth amendment declared that everyone would be counted as a whole person t or f
true
the English ___________ set clear limits on the monarchy, and colonists believed this document applied to them and gave them the same rights as people living in Britain
Bill of rights
Swiss born theorist ____ believed that basic rights and freedoms developed as people in a community cooperatively created a social contract to protect their rights while crating law and government
Jean Jacques Rousseau
_______ influenced declaration of indepencdance, freedom of speech and religion
Jean Jacques Rousseau
the British reaction was to clash with colonial minutemen at _____________ in Massachusetts, the first battle of the revolutionary war
Lexington and concord
which of john lockes beliefs had a major influence on the colonists?
all people have certain "natural" or inalienable rights such as the right to liberty
the anti-federalists demanded that the constitution have a bill of rights because they
believed it was needed in order to protect individual liberties
new jersey delegates did not support the Virginia plan because they thought
it gave too much power to the large states
what led armed farmers to close down courts in Massachusetts?
it prevented them from hearing foreclosure proceedings
George mason refused to sign the draft constitution because
it prohibited the government from restricting the slave trade for 20 years
how did shays rebellion change the opinion o american leaders regarding the national government?
it showed them that the government was vulnerable to anarchy
amendments to the articles required approval of all 13 states
it was nearly impossible to change the governments problems
when the dec of indep states it is drawing on "the laws of nature and natures god" it is expressing an idea that primarily originated with
john locke
______________ values and ideas derived from biblical law made an important contribution to the founding principles and documents of the united states
judeo christian
in 1776 states began creating written constitutions because they
knew that once they were independent they needed orderly governments
the English system of ____, especially as organized by sir William Blackstone, was widely followed in the colonies
law
congress lacked law enforcement powers
law enforcement was left to the states
the conecticut compormise proposed a legislative branch with 2 parts, one with representaion based on __________ and on giving all states ______________ representaiotn
population; equal
Britain's Parliament, with delegates elected by the people, was a familiar example of _______ government for the colonists
representative
the delegates agreed that the new government would be limited and _____________ the powers of the national government would be divided among _______ branches, and that state power should be limited
representative; 3
Charles-Louis de Montesquieu suggested _____ the powers of government
separating
Thomas Hobbes developed the _________ theory, which suggested that people give up their individual sovereignty to the goverment in echange for the governmensts provision of law and order
social contract
how was the second continental congress divided on the subject to a national government?
some believed the national gov. needed to be strong, others favored stronger local and state gov.
what were three issues of difficulties among the states and between the states and the national government?
states had different currencies, imposing terror on opposing states. people didn't support government
congress could not control foreign trade
states had separate trade agreements
the three-fifths compromise counted three-fifths of enslaved people for both ________________-and _______________
tax purposes and representation
what document stated that monarchs could not interfere with parliamentary elections?
the English bill of rights
new law required approval from 9 of the 13 states
the central gov. passed few national laws
there was no national court system
the central government could not resolve disputes among the states
congress could not levy taxes or require states to provide money
the central government lacked money to operate or pay war debts
there was no executive branch or president
the central governments work was not effectively managed
what two important laws did the confederation congress pass, and what was the significance of each?
the land ordinance of 1785- divided the northwest territory and the northwest ordinance of 1787- established a process to achieve statehood
as the artc of confed were written, a major debate centered around whether
the national government or state and local governments should be stronger
what key financial issues faced both the national government and the state government?
they were all in debt
colonist valued limited government because they
thought people should be protected from punishment by an unjust government
what was the purpose of the meeting of state delegates in Philadelphia in 1787
to propose changes to the articles of confederation to help regulate trade and to make the national government more effective
because of what they saw a unfair taxation, colonists stopped buying British goods t or f
true
leaders such as Thomas Jefferson formed committees of correspondence that
urged resistance to the British
in the _______________ plan, a strong legislature with representatives based on state population had the power to bar state laws, it deemed unconstituitional, choose the executive, and appoint the judiciary
virginia
citizens such as Henry Knox were concerned that the national government
was unable to provide citizens with security
what were the key weaknesses of the confederation government
wasn't able to demand money, appeared weak to other governments, money was worthless