civics chapter 2

fighting the _______ war was expensive, and britain expected the colonies to help pay off the resukting debt

French and Indian

interstate commerce

a compromise over commerce and the slave trade empowered congrss to regulate ___________ and foreign commerce but not to ba the slave trade before 1808

during the first session of the new congress, james madison intorduced a set of amendments (12) ten of which became the __________________________

bill of rights

the convention delegates supported the concept of separation of powers as expressed

by charles de montesquieu

a key feature of the colonial period was government established according to a ____ or constituiton

charter

a major reason for shays rebellion was that

citizens were upset about farm foreclosures

British policies spurred colonial_________ as colonist began to work together to take political action against perceived British oppression

community

following the declaration of Independence, states drafted and approved written _______ recognizing the people as the sole source of authority in a limited government

constituiton

committees or __________ formed a communication network to keep colonists in touch with each other and to urge resistance to the British

correspondence

an important accomplishment of the artc of confed was that it

created fair policies for settling lands west of the Appalachian mountains

the final draft of the _________ was approved by congress on July 4, 1776

declaration of independence

the dec of indep states that governments

derive their powers from the consent of the governed

the stamp act of 1765 imposed the first _____ tax on the colonist

direct

under the articles of confederation how were the sates represented i congress?

each state could send between 2-7 delegates to congress. each state had 1 vote in congress

in a general way describe the national government under the articles of confederation

each state retained significant independence and there was no strong central government

in the eyes of the british crown, the american colonies existed for the _______ benefit of Great Britain

economic

debate over the presidency was settled by creating the _________ system in which each sate selected electors who chose an executive to serve a four-year term

electoral college

Britain reacted to the first continental congress by weakening its control over the colonies t or f

false

Patrick Henry opposed the new constitution because it created a weak national government t or f

false

a major reason leaders such as Jefferson wanted a strong central government was their experiences with great Britain monarchy t or f

false

in colonial charters, all the power of the government was given to the governor t or f

false

the Virginia plan proposed a weaker executive branch than the new jersey plan t or f

false

under the articles of confederation, the government could borrow money and levy taxes t or f

false

while women could not vote, most colonies allowed all adult white men to vote. t or f

false

federalists promised a bill of rights, helpig attitudes to shift in favor of the consttiutuion. many small states ___________ the constituiotn becuase they were pleased with equal representaiton in the new senate

favored

the _______________ written largely by alexander hamiltion and james madison, answer the oppoisitions fears that a republic had to be small governmentr

federalist papers

the _______ continental congress imposed an embargo to prohibit trade with Britain and agreed to boycott, or not to buy, British goods

first

the Connecticut charter set up a representative government because it

gave people the right to elect the governor and judges

by 1776, the colonial governments

had significant experience in representative government

after considerable discussion, the first continental congress

imposed an embargo on Britain

because the rapidly growing colonies constanly needed new laws to cope with new circumstances, the colonial ____ became dominant in political life and provoded a training gorunds for coloial political leaders

legislatures

social contact came from the ____

leviathan

the concept that a governments power was not absolute came from the Magna Carta, which the English people came to regard as a guarantee of ___________

limited government

a serious problem following the revolutionary war was that

many states refused to help pay off extensive war debt

the declaration of independence drew on such enlightenment principles as ________ law, which is a system of moral principles regard as the basic for all human conduct

natural

John Locke reasoned that people have ________ as human beings and a government that faied to protect these frights was no longer legitiamte

natural rights

smaller, less populous states supported the ___________ plan, which proposed a unicammeral legislature with one vote for each state, a weak executive elected by congress, and a national judicairy appointed by the executive

new jersey

as Britain ____________ or money collected from taxing the colonies, increased, so did colonial resentment

revenue

the ___________ continental congress assumed the powers of a central government , organized and army and navy, make plans to issue money, and appointed George Washington as commander of the continental army

second

in the federalist, no. 10 James Madison argued in favor of a large republic because

the chances of the majority having common motives would decrease

following the declaration of independence, the second continental congress instructed the states to begin writing constitutions t or f

true

in 1787 the states met to revise the articles of confederation, but instead wrote the constitution t or f

true

in order for the bill of rights to become part of the constitution it has to be approved by congress and ratified by the states t or f

true

many people believe the inalienable rights set forth in the declaration of independence are not human-made but come from higher powers t or f

true

pilgrim leaders wrote the mayflower compact to provide rules for governing themselves. t or f

true

shays rebellion forced leaders to realize that the articles were too weak t or f

true

the colonists were familiar with representative government from britains parliment t or f

true

the judeo-christian concept of an agreemnet between man and god influenced the early colonists view of the role of government. t or f

true

the major debates at the constitutional convention were not over the basic ideas of the new government, but how they would put these ideas into practice t or f

true

the members of the second continental congress supported republicanism by establishing a legislature in their new government t or f

true

the three-fifths compromise lasted until the fourteenth amendment declared that everyone would be counted as a whole person t or f

true

the English ___________ set clear limits on the monarchy, and colonists believed this document applied to them and gave them the same rights as people living in Britain

Bill of rights

Swiss born theorist ____ believed that basic rights and freedoms developed as people in a community cooperatively created a social contract to protect their rights while crating law and government

Jean Jacques Rousseau

_______ influenced declaration of indepencdance, freedom of speech and religion

Jean Jacques Rousseau

the British reaction was to clash with colonial minutemen at _____________ in Massachusetts, the first battle of the revolutionary war

Lexington and concord

which of john lockes beliefs had a major influence on the colonists?

all people have certain "natural" or inalienable rights such as the right to liberty

the anti-federalists demanded that the constitution have a bill of rights because they

believed it was needed in order to protect individual liberties

new jersey delegates did not support the Virginia plan because they thought

it gave too much power to the large states

what led armed farmers to close down courts in Massachusetts?

it prevented them from hearing foreclosure proceedings

George mason refused to sign the draft constitution because

it prohibited the government from restricting the slave trade for 20 years

how did shays rebellion change the opinion o american leaders regarding the national government?

it showed them that the government was vulnerable to anarchy

amendments to the articles required approval of all 13 states

it was nearly impossible to change the governments problems

when the dec of indep states it is drawing on "the laws of nature and natures god" it is expressing an idea that primarily originated with

john locke

______________ values and ideas derived from biblical law made an important contribution to the founding principles and documents of the united states

judeo christian

in 1776 states began creating written constitutions because they

knew that once they were independent they needed orderly governments

the English system of ____, especially as organized by sir William Blackstone, was widely followed in the colonies

law

congress lacked law enforcement powers

law enforcement was left to the states

the conecticut compormise proposed a legislative branch with 2 parts, one with representaion based on __________ and on giving all states ______________ representaiotn

population; equal

Britain's Parliament, with delegates elected by the people, was a familiar example of _______ government for the colonists

representative

the delegates agreed that the new government would be limited and _____________ the powers of the national government would be divided among _______ branches, and that state power should be limited

representative; 3

Charles-Louis de Montesquieu suggested _____ the powers of government

separating

Thomas Hobbes developed the _________ theory, which suggested that people give up their individual sovereignty to the goverment in echange for the governmensts provision of law and order

social contract

how was the second continental congress divided on the subject to a national government?

some believed the national gov. needed to be strong, others favored stronger local and state gov.

what were three issues of difficulties among the states and between the states and the national government?

states had different currencies, imposing terror on opposing states. people didn't support government

congress could not control foreign trade

states had separate trade agreements

the three-fifths compromise counted three-fifths of enslaved people for both ________________-and _______________

tax purposes and representation

what document stated that monarchs could not interfere with parliamentary elections?

the English bill of rights

new law required approval from 9 of the 13 states

the central gov. passed few national laws

there was no national court system

the central government could not resolve disputes among the states

congress could not levy taxes or require states to provide money

the central government lacked money to operate or pay war debts

there was no executive branch or president

the central governments work was not effectively managed

what two important laws did the confederation congress pass, and what was the significance of each?

the land ordinance of 1785- divided the northwest territory and the northwest ordinance of 1787- established a process to achieve statehood

as the artc of confed were written, a major debate centered around whether

the national government or state and local governments should be stronger

what key financial issues faced both the national government and the state government?

they were all in debt

colonist valued limited government because they

thought people should be protected from punishment by an unjust government

what was the purpose of the meeting of state delegates in Philadelphia in 1787

to propose changes to the articles of confederation to help regulate trade and to make the national government more effective

because of what they saw a unfair taxation, colonists stopped buying British goods t or f

true

leaders such as Thomas Jefferson formed committees of correspondence that

urged resistance to the British

in the _______________ plan, a strong legislature with representatives based on state population had the power to bar state laws, it deemed unconstituitional, choose the executive, and appoint the judiciary

virginia

citizens such as Henry Knox were concerned that the national government

was unable to provide citizens with security

what were the key weaknesses of the confederation government

wasn't able to demand money, appeared weak to other governments, money was worthless