CJ Final review
What is a hung jury
A jury that is unable to agree an a verdict
What is the primary purpose of the preliminary hearing?
To give defendants the opportunity to challenge the legal bias for their detention
If the prosecuter calls a witness to the stand, who conducts the redirect examination?
the prosecutor
U.S district courts are the _____ for the federal court system
trial courts
How many U.S, supreme court Justices must vote in favor of a hearing for a case to be heard?
4
Based on the decision in McNabb v. U.S., the standard maximum time by which a first appearance should be held has been set at how many hours after arrest?
48
The federal speedy trial act allows for the dismissal of charges when a trial does not begin within_____ working days after indictment
70
There are ____________ federal judicial districts
94
A trial de novo occurs when:
A case is retired on appeal
Which of the following is a member of the courtroom work group?
A public defendant
Indeterminate sentencing
A sentence of 8-15 yrs is example of indeterminate sentencing; The inmates's behavior while incarcerated is the primary determinant of the amount of time served
Social debt
A sentencing principle that holds that an offender's criminal record should objectively be taken into account in sentencing decisions
A formal written accusation submitted to the court by grand jury, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony, is known as:
An indictment
Courts that have authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have:
Appellate Jurisdiction
A document guaranteeing the appearance in court as required and recording the pledge of money of property to be paid to the court if he or she does NOT appear is known as:
Bail Bond
The ______ keeps order in the court room and announces the judges entry to the court room
Bailiff
A(n) ____ provides information about the defendant's personality, family life, business acumen, and so on in effort to show that the defendant is not the kind of person who would commit the crime with which he or she is charged
Character witness
What is the role of the role of the court reporter?
Court Reporter
TV shows like ,The People's court, and , Judge Judy, are examples of which type of courts?
Courts if limited Jurisdiction
All states have a(n):
Courts of last resort
Which law limits the right to bail for violent offenders, repeat offenders and offenders that a threat to society
Danger law
While Bob was studying in the library, his wallet was stolen. When the theif was caught, Bob opted to resolve the case informally at a:
Dispute- resolution center with volunteer mediators
___________ evidence is information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame
Exculpatory
What is the earliest stage of the court process at which defendant may be given a formal notice of the charge against him?
First appearance
Deterrance
General deterrence attempts to discourage potential offenders from committing crimes
An eyewitness who saw a crime being committed is an example of an ------- witness
Lay
Which U.S. supreme court case established the court's authority as the final interpreter of the U.S. constitution
Maurbury v. Madison
What type of plea is most similar to a guilty plea
Nolo Contendre
_________ appeals to federal appellate courts major questions of law and policy where there is considerable professional disagreement among courts
Nonconsensual
When a defendant "stands mute" at arraignment, he or she is considered to have enter which type of plea?
Not Guilty
Which of the following refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgement on the law and the facts?
Original Jurisdiction
Joel has been sworn in as a witness in a criminal trial. When asked about the defendant's whereabouts at the time of the crime, Joel deliberately lies to give the defendant an alibi Joel's action is known as
Perjury
Bob co-signed all of his stock holdings to the court as collateral to ensure he would not abscond before trial. What type of bail did Bob post?
Property bond
Which type of indigent defense involves the use of full time salaried state employees?
Public defender programs
A defendant who is NOT indigent and who can afford private attorney fees will have which of the following type of defense attorney?
Retained Attorney
The clerk or court is responsible for
Summoning members of the public for jury duty
Retrebution
The earliest known rationale for punishment; a call for punishment based on a perceived need for vengeance; retribution corresponds to the model of sentencing called just deserts which holds that offenders are responsible for their crimes
The primary purpose of a criminal trial is to
To determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant
Which of the following is the purpose of bail?
To prevent un-convicted suspects from suffering imprisonment unnecessarily
George has been accused of multiple crimes. Why would the prosecutor want to George separately on each case
Trying charges sperately would allow another trial on a new charge if George id found not guilty at a trail
____________ are often considered to most forgotten people in the courtroom
Victims
When is a probable cause hearing necessary?
When the arrest is made without a warrant
Which of the following in an exception to the hearesay rule?
a dying declaration
The standard of proof required for conviction in a criminal trial is______
beyond a reasonable doubt
The most important form of prosectorial discretion lies in the power to
charge or not to charge a person with an offense
______ evidence required interpretation or requires a judge or jury to reach a conclusion based on what the evidence indicates
circumstantial
During jury selection, challenges for cause
claim that an individual juror can't be fair or impartial
The defendant exercises choice in the court process in which or the following decisions?
deciding what plea to enter
Incapacitation
focuses on separating offenders from society to reduce opportunities for further criminality
An indictment is filed by the:
grand jury
The Judge
holds ultimate authority in ruling on matters of law
A subpoena
is a written order requiring an individual to appear in court
________ guilt is established only when the prosecutor presents sufficient evidence to convince the judge or jury that the defendant is guilty as charged
legal
Release on recognizance
permits release on the basis of a written promise to appear
A drug court is an example of a(n):
problem solving court
Weapons, tire tracks, and fingerprints are examples of ____ evidence?
real
A _____ jury is isolated from the public and removed from all outside influences
sequestered
American criminal trial courts operate under a structure known as ____
the adversarial system