CJ Final review

What is a hung jury

A jury that is unable to agree an a verdict

What is the primary purpose of the preliminary hearing?

To give defendants the opportunity to challenge the legal bias for their detention

If the prosecuter calls a witness to the stand, who conducts the redirect examination?

the prosecutor

U.S district courts are the _____ for the federal court system

trial courts

How many U.S, supreme court Justices must vote in favor of a hearing for a case to be heard?

4

Based on the decision in McNabb v. U.S., the standard maximum time by which a first appearance should be held has been set at how many hours after arrest?

48

The federal speedy trial act allows for the dismissal of charges when a trial does not begin within_____ working days after indictment

70

There are ____________ federal judicial districts

94

A trial de novo occurs when:

A case is retired on appeal

Which of the following is a member of the courtroom work group?

A public defendant

Indeterminate sentencing

A sentence of 8-15 yrs is example of indeterminate sentencing; The inmates's behavior while incarcerated is the primary determinant of the amount of time served

Social debt

A sentencing principle that holds that an offender's criminal record should objectively be taken into account in sentencing decisions

A formal written accusation submitted to the court by grand jury, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony, is known as:

An indictment

Courts that have authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have:

Appellate Jurisdiction

A document guaranteeing the appearance in court as required and recording the pledge of money of property to be paid to the court if he or she does NOT appear is known as:

Bail Bond

The ______ keeps order in the court room and announces the judges entry to the court room

Bailiff

A(n) ____ provides information about the defendant's personality, family life, business acumen, and so on in effort to show that the defendant is not the kind of person who would commit the crime with which he or she is charged

Character witness

What is the role of the role of the court reporter?

Court Reporter

TV shows like ,The People's court, and , Judge Judy, are examples of which type of courts?

Courts if limited Jurisdiction

All states have a(n):

Courts of last resort

Which law limits the right to bail for violent offenders, repeat offenders and offenders that a threat to society

Danger law

While Bob was studying in the library, his wallet was stolen. When the theif was caught, Bob opted to resolve the case informally at a:

Dispute- resolution center with volunteer mediators

___________ evidence is information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame

Exculpatory

What is the earliest stage of the court process at which defendant may be given a formal notice of the charge against him?

First appearance

Deterrance

General deterrence attempts to discourage potential offenders from committing crimes

An eyewitness who saw a crime being committed is an example of an ------- witness

Lay

Which U.S. supreme court case established the court's authority as the final interpreter of the U.S. constitution

Maurbury v. Madison

What type of plea is most similar to a guilty plea

Nolo Contendre

_________ appeals to federal appellate courts major questions of law and policy where there is considerable professional disagreement among courts

Nonconsensual

When a defendant "stands mute" at arraignment, he or she is considered to have enter which type of plea?

Not Guilty

Which of the following refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgement on the law and the facts?

Original Jurisdiction

Joel has been sworn in as a witness in a criminal trial. When asked about the defendant's whereabouts at the time of the crime, Joel deliberately lies to give the defendant an alibi Joel's action is known as

Perjury

Bob co-signed all of his stock holdings to the court as collateral to ensure he would not abscond before trial. What type of bail did Bob post?

Property bond

Which type of indigent defense involves the use of full time salaried state employees?

Public defender programs

A defendant who is NOT indigent and who can afford private attorney fees will have which of the following type of defense attorney?

Retained Attorney

The clerk or court is responsible for

Summoning members of the public for jury duty

Retrebution

The earliest known rationale for punishment; a call for punishment based on a perceived need for vengeance; retribution corresponds to the model of sentencing called just deserts which holds that offenders are responsible for their crimes

The primary purpose of a criminal trial is to

To determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant

Which of the following is the purpose of bail?

To prevent un-convicted suspects from suffering imprisonment unnecessarily

George has been accused of multiple crimes. Why would the prosecutor want to George separately on each case

Trying charges sperately would allow another trial on a new charge if George id found not guilty at a trail

____________ are often considered to most forgotten people in the courtroom

Victims

When is a probable cause hearing necessary?

When the arrest is made without a warrant

Which of the following in an exception to the hearesay rule?

a dying declaration

The standard of proof required for conviction in a criminal trial is______

beyond a reasonable doubt

The most important form of prosectorial discretion lies in the power to

charge or not to charge a person with an offense

______ evidence required interpretation or requires a judge or jury to reach a conclusion based on what the evidence indicates

circumstantial

During jury selection, challenges for cause

claim that an individual juror can't be fair or impartial

The defendant exercises choice in the court process in which or the following decisions?

deciding what plea to enter

Incapacitation

focuses on separating offenders from society to reduce opportunities for further criminality

An indictment is filed by the:

grand jury

The Judge

holds ultimate authority in ruling on matters of law

A subpoena

is a written order requiring an individual to appear in court

________ guilt is established only when the prosecutor presents sufficient evidence to convince the judge or jury that the defendant is guilty as charged

legal

Release on recognizance

permits release on the basis of a written promise to appear

A drug court is an example of a(n):

problem solving court

Weapons, tire tracks, and fingerprints are examples of ____ evidence?

real

A _____ jury is isolated from the public and removed from all outside influences

sequestered

American criminal trial courts operate under a structure known as ____

the adversarial system