Classification/Biomes Biology

how many taxa are there in the classification system?

7

What two kingdoms did Linnaeus name?

Animalia and Plantae

what are the 6 kingdoms of life?

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaebacteria, Eubacteria

What fundamental traits did Linnaeus use to separate plants from animals?

Animals: how they use food and if they move or not Plants: how they get food and what color they were

What are the 3 domains?

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

Phylogeny

Evolutionary history of a species

True or False: In a good system of classification, organisms placed into a part group are less similar to each other than they are to organisms in other groups.

False

What is the first word in a scientific name?

Genus (capitalized)

What is the largest taxonomic category in Linnaeus's system of classification?

Kingdom

What are the taxa in order?

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

What is the smallest taxonomic category in Linnaeus's system of classification?

Species

what is the second word in a scientific name?

Species (not capitalized)

True or False: As groups of organisms diverge and evolve from a common ancestor, they keep some of the same traits (derived traits)

True

True or False: Closely related organisms have more levels of taxonomy in common than unrelated organisms.

True

True or False: Derived characters are used to construct a cladogram.

True

True or False: The closer 2 organisms are in a cladogram, the more probable that they are closely related by evolution

True

What would be the genus of the grizzly bear, Ursus arctos?

Ursus

Cladistics

a biological system of classification based on phylogeny

Archaebacteria

bacteria that live in extreme environments

How do scientists classify organisms?

based on characteristics and if they are related through evolution

The two-word naming system developed by Linnaeus is called

binomial nomenclature

Cladogram

branching diagram that shows the derived traits of a group of organisms

eubacteria

common bacteria

why is it confusing to refer to organisms by common names?

common names vary among languages and even among regions within a single country

What are a few things that are true of Binomial nomenclature?

each species is assigned a two-part scientific name and the scientific name is always written in italics

taxa

groups into which living things are classified

What type of analysis have scientists used to group modern organisms into domains?

how they are structurally and molecularly

chemosythesis

making food using chemicals in the environment

photosynthesis

making food using light energy

Name examples of Archaebacteria

methanogens and halophiles

What types of organisms were later placed in the kingdom Protista?

microorganisms (protists are also known as the "dump" category)

plantae

multicellular eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis

Animalia

multicellular heterotrophs

What are a few examples about the early efforts of naming organisms

names were often described detailed physical characteristics of a species, names could be very long, it was difficult to standardized the names

decomposers

organisms that absorb nutrients from dead organisms

autotrophs

organisms that can make their own food by chemosynthesis or photosynthesis

heterotrophs

organisms that cannot make food on their own and must ingest it

3 major parts of binomial nomenclature

scientists from all over the world can communicate about an organism, written in latin, each scientific name has two words

taxonomists

scientists who study taxonomy

How do taxonomists determine if organisms are related by evolution?

similar physical characteristics between organisms, similar breeding behavior, similar geographical location, same number and structure of chromosomes, and similar DNA sequences

Name some examples of bacteria

streptococcus, esthetichia coli

Who is Carolus Linnaeus?

swedish botanist that developed the binomial nomenclature

taxonomy

the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on their different characteristics

classification

the grouping of objects or information based on similarities

What does bacteria have?

they have rigid cell walls, contain peptidoglycans, and are prokaryotes

Why do biologists use a classification system to study the diversity of life?

to name organisms and group them in a logical manner so they can be universally accepted (to name and group them)

binomial nomenclature

two word naming system for different species

protista

unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes that lack complex organ systems and live in moist environments (amoeba, paramecium, kelp)

fungi

unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes that absorb nutrients from organic materials in the environment

What traits did Linnaeus consider when classifying organisms?

visible similarities and differences, biological traits