Climate Change

Autumnal equinox

Sun aims directly at equator, September

the inputs to the light-depedent reaction of photosynthesis include which of the following?

Sunlight,water

Vernal equinox

Suns aims directly at equator,March

climate

average weather patterns in a given area over time. CHaracteristics are : rainfall and temperature

carbon footprint

calculation of the amount of carbon- usually measured in tones of carbon dioxide. measure of their own impact on climate change

Light reactions

capture the energy from the sun and transfer it to high-energy moelcules. these occur in thylakoids of the chloroplast and use the photosynthetic pigments

ATP

energy carrier of the cell. Conversion of ADP to ATP requires an input of energy.

chloroplast

form of organelle that are specialized for a specific type of chemical reaction

fossil fuel

fuel source that has been formed within the earth from plant and animal remains. long term ressoirvoir of carbon on our planet

challenges on climate change

funding, convincing the general public to accept large-scale changed to buildings and the environment. breaking new grounds in technology fields.

How does climate change impact communities of organisms>

have evolved together over time to form a stable community of organisms.

mesophyll

specialized cells that conduct majority of photosynthesis, contain structures called chloroplasts

brable cay meomoys

species in australia and went to extinct due to climate change. Evidence says that the result of an increase not only in the sea surface levels but also in weather changes that altered the vegetation of the island

Winter solstice

sun aims directly at equator, March

coral

symbotic organisms, meaning they require a relationship with other organisms to survive

carbon dioxide (CDR)

technologies focus on lowering the current level of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere.

Geoengineering

technology that directly impacts the environment as well as some forms of genetic engineering of plants and animals. development of technology focuses on altering Earth's environment primarily to combat climate change.

Which of the following carbon reservoirs do members of the biosphere exchange carbon with regularly?

the atmosphere

Covalent bonding

the valance electrons are shared between atoms to form an acton. 2 fluorine share together to form. They have 2 electrons to stable

Calvin Cycle reactions

there is carbohydrate molecules form CO2 and the energy captured by the light reactions.

grana

thylakoids that are stacked into structure

Alternative energy

to describe an energy source that does not require the use of fossil fuels such as oil or natural gas. " clean" energy

Which of the following contribute to your individual carbon footprint?

transportation choices, energy choices, food choices, recycling options

Green house gases

trap heat near the earth's surface. Examples are water vapor, are normally present in the atmosphere and play an important role in maintaining the climate of the planet within a range that supports life

mosquitos are ticks called vectors because they have the ability to transmit a disease between individuals

true

The production of carbonic acid occurs as a result of increased carbon dioxide concentrations in which of the following?

Oceans

Methane

(CH4) rare gas in the atmosphere, with concentrations measured as parts per billion (ppb). unstable, and once created, remains in the atmosphere for about a decade. powerful greenhouse gas with the ability to retain and release almost 30 times the amount of heat as CO2. Produced naturally during the decomposition of organic material

Evidence from the oceans

71% water is our planet, carbon dioxide dissovess easily in water, interacts with water to form carbonic acid. increases hydrogen ion concentration which is a result reduces the acidity or pH of the aquatic environement

species

A group of similar, interbreeding organisms

Population

Organisms of the same species living in a particular area

autotraphs

Organisms that make their own food

CH2O

Output of photosynthesis used to build carbohydrates (C6H12O6)

Which of the following are considered to be greenhouse gases?

Methane, carbon dioxide, water vapor

Ozone

Natural processes and the interaction of solar energy with pollutants in the lower atmosphere

Summer solstice

Northern Hemisphere tilts toward sun, June

Nitrous Oxide

Agricultural practices such as the use of fertilizers and burning of the fossil fuels

Which of the following levels of biological organization represents the sum of all the locations where life may be found on the planet?

Biosphere

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFs)

Compounds used in refrigerator adn to make spray propellants

The consequence of global climate change may be completely eliminated solely through the development of new technologies

False

6 important role in biology Periodic Table of Elements

H,C,N,O,P,S A portion of the periodic table that shows the relationship between carbon (C) and other elements.

Ecosystem

Interaction of a community and the physical environment (climate)

Biosphere

The sum of the regions of the Earth ( water,surface, atmosphere) where living organsms are found

O2

Waste product of photosynthesis, released into the atmosphere

Nuclear power

alternative energy that works through splitting the tightly-knit nucleus of an atom, usually material such as uranium.

Play an important role in formation of crabs, lobsters and clams

carbonate

Ionic bonding

octane is formed when one or more available electrons are transferred from one atom to another. one sodium electron are transferred to fluorine which have 7 electron. by losing one electron NA is is positive by gaining an electron fluorine is negative.

Which of the following is required for the formation of a fossil fuel?

organic remains of plants and animals high temperatures

algae

photosynthetic and provide the coral with its food in exchange for a place to live

Protons, Neutral

positively charged subatomic particles and neutron have a neutral change

The major sources of this greenhouse gas are agriculture and the decay of organic material

methane

H2O

source of electrons for the light-dependent reactions

CO2

source of formation of carbohydrates

stroma

spaces between the grana

Which of the following forms of geoengineering proposes increasing the reflectivity of the planet so that more solar radiation is reflected back into space?

SRM

Community

Populations of different species interacting in a given area

how do fossil fuel contribute to climate change?

carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are increasing over time, with current levels being over 411 ppm. Remains of organic material and when burned, they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

2 types of geoengineering

carbon dioxide removal- centers on removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere solar radiation management (SRM)- technology focus on reflecting a portion

What are my energy choices?

carpooling or taking public transportation can also help to reduce personal carbon emisssionss

NADPH

carriers of high-energy electrons. Similar to NADH used in the cellular respiration

coral bleaching

causes death of a coral reef.

biome

characteristics of similar ecosystems across the globe.indicates climate and type of organisms living in that area

Turbines

clean methif of generating electricity, and are considered to be entirely non-polutting , though are more expensive than traditional energy conversion

The average temperature and precipitation of an area are referred to as its

climate

carbon dioxide

important part of greenhouse gasses due to its ability to absorb infrared energy. It is produced through natural events , such as fires and volcanic activity. we use this for our breakdown of food. Plant us this to produce carbon dioxide

Global Warming

increase in the surface temperature

climate change has already caused which of the following at the individuals and species levels?

increased extinction rates, increased exposure to diseases from mosquitos vectors

Which of the following is not directly associated with an increase in global temperature?

increases in the frequency of torandoes

Invasive species

introduced into places outside its natural range, usually through human action- an introduction that often negatively impacts the biodiversity, community structure and functioning ecosystem of native area

Carbon

is an element, cannot be broken down into smaller units by normal chemical processes. There are 92 naturally occuring elements, of which 6 play an important role in biology

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the element carbon?

it is absorbed from the atmosphere via the process of photosynthesis in plants, involved in formation of organic molecules, forms long chains called hydrocarbons

ecosystem

level of biological organization that represents the interaction of biological communities and abiotic factor such as climate

in which of the following processess does atmospheric carbon get combined with energy to form carbohydratess

light-dependent reactions

Calvin Cycle Reactions

light-independent because they do not require sunlight. CO2 is taken up by one of the molecules at sstart of cycle called carbon fixation. ATP and NADPh from light reaction is used to form more complex organis sstructure form initial CO2 molecules.

Invasive species

may be introduced accidentally by humans, disrupt local biological communities, can adapt to changing environmental conditions

Water Vapor

natural process associated with water cycle

Which of the following is not considered to be a clean form of alternative energy

nucleur power

carbon cycle

processes that release carbon into the atmosphere called sources and add carbon to long-term storage locations (sinks).

With regard to food choices, a diet that contains more locally grown vegetables would do what to your carbon footprint?

reduce your overall footprint

biological communities

represents complex interactions between species,and the changing climate across the globe, coupled with threats of invasive species

Light Dependent Reaction

require an input of solar energy, the chlorophyll molecules absorb energy from the sun. This energizes electrons forming high-energy particles. Water is broken down, releasing electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen. Oxygen is a waste product and is released back into atmosphere Some of the high energy electronsa re used to produce ATP from ADP+P NADP+ accepts some high-energy electrons to produce NADPH

geothermal energy

reservoirs of heated water found relatively close to the earth's surface. can be used to either a personal or large-scale basis and is considered much cleaner than power generation based on fossil fuel

Which of the following sources of alternative energy have the ability to be used almost anywhere on the planet?

solar and wind

vector

something that moves an infectious agent ( bacteria or virus) from one organism to another. examples are insects

renewable energy sources

wind and geothermal energy. WInd energy is generated mechanically using wind turbines, with a scale ranging from individual use to massive farms or offshore turbines placed along the ocean's continental shelf.