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Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

"Enmeshed" applies to unhealthy relationships in which there is confusion regarding roles and the individuals involved have difficulty functioning independently.

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

"Family secrets" is a well recognized concept in family therapy theory.

Naming a person before a diagnosis as to not define them by a trait Ex. Disabled

"People First Language"

Substitute Family or Foster Care

"Placing Out" in the Early 1900's

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

"Projective Identification" is used by clients with borderline personality disorder.

Erich Lindemann

"Symptomatology and Management of Acute Grief" --acute grief following traumatic loss. e.g. Cocoanut Grove fire

Anaclitic depression

(Rene Spitz) Severe prolonged depression (grief reaction) in infants following a loss or separation from someone whom child is dependent (mother).

Separation Anxiety Disorder Selective Mutism Specific Phobia Social Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Agoraphobia Generalized Anxiety Disorder

*Anxiety Disorders

Bipolar I Bipolar II Cyclothymic Disorder

*Bipolar and Related Disorders

Language Disorder Speech Sound Disorder Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Unspecified Communication Disorder

*Communications Disorders

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Major Depressive Disorder Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

*Depressive Disorders

appearance and behavior speech emotion- mood and affect perception-hallucination and illusion thought-content and process insight cognition

ASEPTIC

Mastery-Competence

Ability to Successfully interact with the environment is called?

Integrative or Synthetic Functioning

Ability to hold inconsistencies about situation/person within self is called?

Motility

Ability to move spontaneously and actively, consuming energy in the process.

Defensive Functioning (Defenses)

Ability to protect ego maturely (rationalization) or immaturely (denial) is called?

Object Relations

Ability to successfully interact with other people is called?

Object Relations

Ability to successfully interact with others is called?

- Clients are the Owner of the file - Treatment to minors - Subpeonas

Access to Records

Competency: learning to do things well based on standards and comparison to others. Taming the imagination learning social skills - Erikson

Accomplishment v. Inferiority

Before & After

According Alert bandura, all behaviors are learned & can be changed by alerting the events that occur _____ & _____ the target behavior.

Feelings & Thoughts

According to Cognitive theory, an individual's _____ & _____ are the principal determinants of her/his behavior.

industry vs. inferiority (ages 6-11) --Child develops mastery over physical objects, self, social transactions, ideas, and concepts.

According to Erikson, the psychosocial developmental stage related to a child's school performance is _______________________.

symbiosis --Child beginning to recognize the mother as a separate entity in the symbiotic stage (1-5 mo); infant breaking out of autistic shell; recognizing self as separate. --Stranger anxiety at about 6 months of age.

According to Mahler, the stage during which the child has a sense of the mother as a separate person is ____________.

Response & Stimulus

According to Pavlov, behaviors are a _______ to or result of some environmental event or ________.

Adaptation

According to Piaget individual learning is through the process of ______ or the reciprocal exchange between an individual and her/his environment.

Unconscious Dreams, Desires, Defenses, & Wishes

According to Psychoanalytic Theory behaviors & thoughts are driven by WHAT unconscious forces, motives, & drives?

Positive & Negative

According to Skinner all Behaviors can be elicited or eliminated through ______ or _____ reinforcement.

Antecedent & Consequence

According to Social Learning Theory, a Behavior can be changed by manipulating & alerting the ________ & ________.

Interralated

According to Systems theory a basic premise is that individuals and their situation are _______?

a more give and take model where one culture changes by incorporating elements of another and the end results in a new culture that contains both cultures

Acculturation

adopt cultural aspects but still retain tradition/customs of origin.

Acculturation

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Acknowledging a client's feeling is the first step in establishing a therapeutic relationship.

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Acknowledging a client's feeling is the first step in making the client feel more comfortable.

amount of physical motion exhibited during the day - Temperament

Activity level

Involuntary muscle spasms or tightening of mouth, jaw, and face, or eyes

Acute Dystonic reactions

Involuntary muscle spasms or tightening of mouth, jaw, and face, or eyes.

Acute Dystonic reactions

Development of characteristic symptoms lasting from 3 days to 1 month following exposure to one or more traumatic events.

Acute Stress Disorder

When symptoms occur 3 days to 1 month after the traumatic event. Most go on to be diagnosed with PTSD.

Acute Stress Disorder

ease of changing behavior in socially desirable ways - Temperament

Adaptability

Medicare-health coverage for senior citizens Medicaid-health coverage for low-income

Additions to the Security Act of 1935

The development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor(s) occurring within 3 months of the onset of the stressor(s).

Adjustment Disorders

Alfred Adler, Striving to overcome inadequacy of feelings. Inferiority Complex Goal- Help contribute to the welfare of others.

Adlerian/Individual Psychology

Types: - Typical (Haldol, Thorazine, Prolixin) Side effects - Tardive Dyskinesia - Atypical (Clozapine or Clozaril, Risperidone, Zyprexa) Side Effects - (clozorail) - Arganulocytosis - Need for white blood cell monitoring Uses: - Treatment for Psychotic symptoms

Antipsychotic drugs

haloperidol; trifluoperazine; fluphenazine; chlorpromazine; thioridazine

Antipsychotic; 1st Generation (Typical)

(aripiprazole); (clozapine);(olanzapine); (paliperidone); (quetiapine); (risperidone); (ziprasidone)

Antipsychotic; 2nd Generation (Atypical)

1. not compliant with social norms 2. social predator 3. lack of conscience, empathy, remorse 4. deceitfulness 5. impulsive 6. irritable/aggressive 7. irresponsible

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years; The individual is at least age 18 years; evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15 years

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Impulsive, irresponsible, callous, history of legal difficulties, aggressive, violent, no respect for others, must have conduct disorder as a child in order to be diagnosed with APD as adult

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Impulsive, irresponsible, calluos, history of legal difficulties, aggressive, violent, no respect for others, must have conduct disordder as a child in order to be diagnosed with APD as adult

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Ativan (Lorazepam)

Anxiety Disorders

Klonopin (Clonazepam)

Anxiety Disorders

Valium (Diazepam)

Anxiety Disorders

Xanax (Alprazolam)

Anxiety Disorders

Benzodiazepines include Valium, Ativan, useful for releif of symptoms, relapse can occur after stop, impaired muslce coodination and impairment of short term memory, can be used as hypnotics

Anxiety Drugs

Benzodiazepines include Valium, Ativan. Useful for relief of symptoms, relapse can occur after stopping. Impaired muscle coordination, short term memory, can be used as hypnotics. Antihistamines also often used to tx anxiety (esp social anxiety). Beta-Blockers (propanolol, eg) for public speaking.

Anxiety Drugs

Agoraphobia

Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing is which type of Anxiety D/O?

Confidentiality

Any SW who receives or is privy to receiving client information is bound by this NASW ethical principle?

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Any changes that could result in reduced availability or denial of services to clients must be carefully considered before implementation.

Get the child to school

Any question that asks about parent-child/school issues, answer is always:

Professional Ethics & Values

Any time a social worker has contact with a client in two different contexts a dual relationship exists.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Arrange for a mental status assessment when clients exhibit self care failure and lack understanding of consequences.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Ask clients to describe the contents of their thoughts.

-Having an obsessive interest in a single object or topic -Tend to have good vocabs, grammar skills -Usually have other language problems - being overly literal, trouble with non-verbal communications -May include: obsessive/repetitive routines or rituals, motor skills problems, social skills problems, sensitivity to sensory information

Asperger's

no clinically significant delays in language, development, self help, curiosity, or adaptive behavior except that they are several impaired in social interactions, have extremely repetitive behavior and activities

Asperger's

no clinically significant delays in language, development, self help, curiousity, or adaptive behavior excepf that they are several impared in social interactions have extremely repetitive behavior and activities

Asperger's

(form of CBT) Promote positive self-esteem by helping ct become aware of personal rights.

Assertivness Traning

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Assess the client's stage of change when they're resistant to discussing certain things (ex: abstinence from alcohol)

- Strengths and needs of the person - situation complex - Individuals' needs are different during the lifespan and socialworkers can assisy with life challanges - Opportunities and growth during all phases of life are possible - Know the components of the biopsychosocial assesment

Assessing

A perosn who has been depressed and suddently becomes happier may be at higher risk of commiting suicide because they have decide to commit, great risk after being discharged from hospital and after starting on atnidepressents

Assessing for Suicide

Biggest predictor of future attempt is hx of attempt(s). Severe hopelessness indicates strong potential for suicide. Warnings: giving things away, dramatic increase in mood, taking care of legal issues, having plan/composing note. Assess: Risk/protective factors, how thought-out plan, accessibility of means, best safety plan

Assessing for Suicide

Identify needs Assess strengths Collect important information Engage client by setting goals

Assessment

True

Assessment begins on the 1st day of Treatment & continues throughout treatment: True or False

Treatment

Assessment phase is usually considered the 1st part of _____?

Culturally diverse groups would become americanized and come to conform to the anglo-saxon culture

Assimilation

Pre-operational

At this stage the child begins to us symbols (i.e., learning language, drawing, etc...)

Concrete Operational

At this stage the child begins to use symbols logically and learn Conservation of Substance

0-3 month, normal autism, alert inactivity

Attatchment Phase

2-6 Months, normal symbiosis, no differntiation between self and other

Attatchment Phase II

Rationalization

Attempting to provide a logical and rational explanation for something or situation to avoid guilt or shame is called?

1.Infants and toddlers 0-3 Physical - growth at rapid rate Mental - learns through senses Social-emotional - seeks to build trust, dependent, seeking self Young children 4-6 Physical - grows at a slower rate, improve motor skills, ex. dressing self and toilet trained Mental - begins to use symbols, improve memory, vivid imagination, ex. loves stories Social-emotional - identifies parent, more independent, ex. sensitive to others feelings. Older children 7-12 Physical - Mental - Social-emotional -

Child behavior and development

test of stat sig that measures differences between observced frequenceies and expected frequencies due to chance, less than .05 is significant

Chi Square

-Test of stat significance, measures difference between observed frequencies and expected frequencies due to chance, less than .05 is significant. -Ex: Determining if there is difference in littering by gender. No difference=Null Hypothesis. Observe, then measure difference between what's observed and expected frequencies based on null hypoth (no difference).

Chi-Square Test

Report "reasonable suspicion" even if your supervisor is against it, REGARDLESS of cultural background Discuss the need for mandatory reporting and report even in the past "Munchausen by proxy" Syndrom is a form of child abuse Let the child set the pace of treatment

Child Abuse

It required states to create an agency to investiage allegations of abuse, create a reporting system and pass a law protecting children from abuse

Child Abuse Prevention Act

Reduction in Institutional care and Increase in Foster Care, because theories developed on keeping families together.

Child Welfare System in 1940's and 50's

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Clients should be treated in the least restrictive environment, but ensuring the safety of clients and the community.

A system that uses up its energy and dies

Closed System

e.g. families that are isolated and resistant to outside influence - General systems theory

Closed System

different action from othe antipsychotics: increased saliva production, sedation, weight gain, increased risk of seizuers. require weekly blood monitoring, helpful for treatment resistent clients and tardive dyskinesia

Clozapine (Clozaril)

different action from other antipsychotics: increased saliva production, sedation, weight gain, increased risk of seizuers. require weekly blood monitoring, helpful for treatment resistent clients and those who experience tardive dyskinesia.

Clozapine (Clozaril)

Odd or eccentric, paranoid Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal

Cluster A Personality Disorders

- Physical malfunctioing (motor or sensory) - lack physical/organic pathology - lack awareness/insight - symptoms may temporarily remit

Conversion Disorder

Condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system (neurologic) symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation. After stressful experience, may be due to psychological conflict

Conversion Disorder

Loss of function or sysmpts and deficits that affect voluntary motor function, client does not produce or control voluntarily

Conversion Disorder

One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function.

Conversion Disorder

e.g. thinking, planning, decision making, constructing, sorting, sharing info, meeting in groups, discussing - General systems theory

Conversion operations

- Cost benifit ratio determined - What are the costs of the progrand and what are the benifits

Cost Benefit

defined as redirection of a social workers feelings toward client

Countertransference

defined as redirection of a social workers feelings toward client. Emotional Entanglement.

Countertransference

Here and now, high levels of activity from clinician, sets specific goals and tasks in order to increase the clients sense of mastery

Crisis Intervention

self awareness about one's attitudes, values, and beliefs about cultural differences, and a willingness to acknowledge racial/cultural differences are critical factors for the SW

Critical factors for Diverse populations

Ruled Out & Diagnosed

Culture Bound Syndromes should always be _____ _____ first & should NOT be _____.

Ruled-out & Diagnosed

Culture Bound syndromes should always be _____ _____ first & should NEVER be _____.

Values & Beliefs

Culture bound syndromes are symptoms that look like characteristics of a mental disorder but are actually related to certain _____ & _____ of the individual's culture.

locally-specified patterns or aberrant behavior and troubling experience that may or may not be linked to a particular DSM diagnoses

Culture-bound syndromes

For at least 2 years there have been numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode.

Cyclothymic Disorder

hypomanic and not as depressed (not too high, not too low)

Cyclothymic Disorder

- The impact, result, or effect - The outcome variable that has been affected by the independent variable (the "then" Variable)

Dependent Variable (Research Variables)

Types: - Benzodiazepines (Klonopine, Xanax, Librium, Valium, Ativan) - Barbiturates Uses: - Panic Disorder - OCD - Generalized Anxiety Disorder Side effects: Benzo and Barbituates - potential abuse

Drugs To Treat Anxiety

A person who has a dual diagnosis or coexisting disorder has both a substance abuse diagnosis and a psychiatric disorder, more resistant to treatment, greater levels of denial, require substance abuse AND mental health treatment

Dual Diagnosis

A person who has a dual diagnsosi or coexisting disorder has both a substance abuse problems and a psychiatric disorder, more resistant to treatment, greater levels of denial, require susbtance abuse and mental health treatment

Dual Diagnosis

Professional Ethics & Values

During an involuntary admission to a psychiatric unit, clients can refuse treatment but not leave the hospital.

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

During couples counseling, the social worker should help client respond to compliments.

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

During family therapy, individuals (even adolescents) should be given an opportunity to respond to thoughts and feelings of others.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

During short term therapy, a social worker should use confrontation to attempt to address issues.

Oedipus Complex

During the Phallic Stage, a boy becomes jealous of his father & competes w/ him for his mother's affection, attention & love. What does Freud refer to this as?

Intimacy

During this stage of group development members form bonds, feel closer to one another and begin to appreciate the similarities in their respective issues and problems.

Power & Control

During this stage of group development the roles of group members are formed, for instance one or more members take control and assume leadership.

Formal Operational

During this stage the child learns more adult-like or hypothetical thinking.

Differentiation

During this stage, the group members will begin to express their own opinions, behaviors & thoughts.

Separation

During this stage, the group reviews its goals & addresses issues related to loss and termination of the group.

Professional Ethics & Values

Duty to warn provisions necessitate notification of police.

Manages conflict between the id and the constraints of the real world -unconscious, preconscious and conscious -operates according to the reality principle (awareness that gratification of impulses has to be delayed in order to accommodate demands of the real world) - prevents the id from gratifying its impulses in socially inappropriate ways - inability of the ego to reconcile demands of the id, the superego and reality produces conflict that leads to a state of psychic distress aka anxiety

Ego (Psychoanalytic Theory)

behavior dis-n-sync with the ego (guilt)

Ego Dystonic

Wisdom: accepting life as lived and importance of people and relationships - Erikson

Ego Integrity v. Despair

Anna Freud, Erik Erikson- conscious ego, enhances ego control, focus on here and now. Emphasis adult development and ability to solve problems and deal with realities.

Ego Psychology

Heinz Hartman & Adaptation

Ego Psychology was developed by and focuses on?

ability of the ego to efectively deal with the demands of the id, ego and supergo, those with littel ego strenght may feel torn between competing depends while those with too much can become rigid

Ego Strength

ability of the ego to effectively deal with the demands of the id. Ego and supergo, those with little ego strength may feel torn between competing depends while those with too much can become rigid.

Ego Strength

behaviors in sync with ego (no guilt)

Ego Syntonic

Behaviors not in sync with the ego (guilt)

Ego dystonic (Psychoanalytic Theory)

The ability of the ego to effectively deal with the demands of the id, the superego and reality -helps to maintain emotional stability and cope with internal and external stress

Ego strength (Psychoanalytic Theory)

Behaviors in sync with the ego (no guilt)

Ego syntonic (Psychoanalytic Theory)

Counterpart of differentiation, in which it is the tendency for family members to share an emotional response - a result or poor interpersonal boundaries between family members - little room for emotional autonomy

Emotional fusion (Bowenian Family Therapy)

The network of relationships among 3 people - when anxiety is introduced with 2 people, a third party is recruited to reduce overall anxiety

Emotional triangle (Bowenian Family Therapy)

Tendency to fluctuate between moods quickly and without warning

Emotionally Labile

c. understanding what the client is saying

Empathy has been described as an attitude that engages a client in treatment. Which of the following best describes empathy? a. acknowledging what the client is saying b. accepting what the client is saying c. understanding what the client is saying d. judging what the client is saying

b. more severely

Empirical research on diagnostic patterns has historically demonstrated that African Americans with the same symptom presentation as Caucasians will often be diagnosed: a. less severely b. more severely c. the same d. the research is irrelevant

cousleing service for employees who need help with ppersonal problems

Employee Assistance Program

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Employees need recognition and appreciation from their supervisors.

-Repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places voluntary or intentional - least one event occurs each month for at least 3 months -age- 4 years old (at least)

Encopresis Elimination Disorder

From with in, a bio chemical cause

Endogenous Depression

depression caused by biochemical imbalance rather than psychosocial stressors

Endogenous depression

Establishing a relationship and develop trust with a client using empathy or other interpersonal skills.

Engagement

- Working alliance - Hopefulness - Resistance - Confidentiallity

Engaging

Natural decay within a system, eg conflict, chaos

Entropy

no energy from outside, using its own energy and expriing

Entropy

no energy from outside, using up its own energy and expiring

Entropy

Closed, disorganized, stagnant; using up available energy

Entropy (systems theory)

-Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes, whether involuntary or intentional - at least twice a week for at least 3 consecutive months - age is at least 5 years old

Enuresis Elimination Disorder

capacity to receive identical results from different initial conditions. Ie many different means to the same end.

Equifinality

same end (goal) can be achieved through various methods - General systems theory

Equifinality

Arriving at the same end from different beginnings

Equifinality (systems theory)

capacity to receive identical results from different initial condition

Equinfality

8, Trust v Mistrust; Autonomy v Shame/Doubt; Initiative v Guilt; Industry v Inferority; Identity v Role Confusion; Generativity v Stagnation; Ego Intergrity v Depair.

Eric Erickson id's __ discrete Psychosocial stages of development of:

"Symptomatology and Management of Acute Grief" --acute grief following traumatic loss. e.g. Cocoanut Grove fire

Erich Lindemann

The Psychosocial Stages of Development; theory rooted in the bio-psychosocial understanding of development; linking somatic development of the child with the corresponding social + cultural expectations (societal process). **KEY TERM: biopsychosocial**

Erik Erikson

8 stages of development

Erikson

People moved to Suburbia, which caused disconnection from extended family and community. Woman entered workforce. Soldiers returned as heroes receiving GI Bill benefits.

Effects of World War 2

Autonomous Functioning

Efficiency of cognitive process is called?

Autonomous Functioning

Efficiency of cognitive processes is called?

Mediator between Id and external reality

Ego

emerges at approx. 6 months and represents logic and reason; mediates between id and supergo, and reality; reality principle

Ego

- acts as if the person has a physical or mental illness when they really don't and just created symptoms

Factitious

In both, client intentionally produces symptoms but the incentives are different: malingerer fakes or produces symptoms to obtain goal or reward, factitious disorder client produces symptoms due to need to adopt sick role

Factitious Disorder vs. Malingering

Falsification of physical or psychological signs or symptoms, or induction of injury or disease, associated with identified deception.

Factitious Disorder

In both, client intentionally produces symtpoms but the incevenitves are different, malingering fakes or produces sysmptoms to obtain goal or reward, factiious disorder client prodcues symptoms due to need to dopt sick roll

Factituious Disorder vs. Malingering

- group size, homogeneity (similarity of group members), participation in goal and norm setting for group, interdependence (dependent on one another for achievement of common goals), member stability (frequent change in membership results in less cohesiveness

Factors affecting group cohesion

cognitivie discrepency, discrepency of roles

Failure in role complementarity

* Keep Private Children's Roles: Mascot - Charming and funny in times of stress; alleviates pain for some, but not the mascot Family Hero - Achievement outside of the home for self worth and positive recognition for the family Scapegoat Lost Child - takes care of personal problems and avoids trouble - Ignored and lonely

Families With Members Who Are Alcoholics

School must have written consent from the parent or student to release any information from the students record

Family Educational Rights and Privacy

Family as the unit of service. If treating an individual families are part of process, limits to confidentiality like if you are dealing with kids.

Family Intervention

- treats family as a unified whole in which each person is interdependent - social roles and interpersonal interaction are the focus of treatment

Family Therapy

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Family dynamics change over time and social workers should asses for issues related to family transition.

Families tend to preserve familiar organization and communication patterns; resistant to change

Family homeostasis (Strategic Family Therapy)

In order to understand a family system a social worker most look at the family as a whole rather than focusing on its members - causes of behavior are not individual, but interaction among members of the group (interdependence) - all of the parts of the family are interrelated - a healthy family has flexibility, consistent structure and effective exchange of information

Family systems theory

-Personal information was being kept -They have a right to access & can request a copy of their records -That their records were only being used for the purpose for which it was intended

Federal Privacy Act of 1974 requires that agencies inform clients that:

Special form of input; system receives information about its own functioning.

Feedback

when output systems is put back into the symptoms

Feedback

e.g. how many things were produced, how many were defective, evaluations, reviewing outcome - General systems theory

Feedback (internal or external)

developed by Alfred Adler, child xperiences real weakness

Feelings of inferiority

What is a core component of the diagnostic picture of paranoia?

Feelings of persecution

Prejudice

Feelings or thoughts about various minority groups based upon perceived values, normative judgements, and negative inferences or stereotypes about such groups is defined as?

Malingering

Feigning physical or psychological symptoms motivated by the desire to assume the sick role is referred to as?

Malingering

Feigning physical symptoms to gain some external benefits (e.g., disability benefits) is referred to as?

Pregnant women that drink during pregnancy causing developmental changes

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

-persistent and excessive anxiety and worry about various domains, including work and school perforance that the individual finds to control - experiences physical symptoms

Generalized Anxiety

A- excessive anxiety and worry for at least 6 months. B- difficult to control worry C- associated with 3 or more 1. restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge 2. being easily fatigued 3. difficulty concentrating 4. irritability 5. muscle tension 6. sleep disturbance. D- impair areas of life

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

No because: -of a lack of understanding of and sensitivity to Native American culture -failure to acknowledge the legacy of trauma and unresolved grief resulting from physical and cultural genocide -overriding stereotypes -the application of standard rather than culturally sensitive intervention techniques.

Has social work intervention with Native Americans been successful?

increased alertness, interest in outside world- Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory

Hatching

antipsychotics

Haldol, Thorazine, Clozaril, Risperdal, Seroquel, Abilify, Zyprexa are anti________.

Sensing things that are not there

Hallucination

Following cessation of use of a hallucinogen, the re-experiencing of one or more of the perceptual symptoms that were experienced while intoxicated with the hallucinogen

Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder

Any program, policy or intervention that seeks to reduce or minimize the adverse health and social consequences associated with substance use without requiring a client to stop use

Harm Reduction Model

Fouces on policies programs and interventions that seek to reduce or minimize the adverse health and social consequences of drug use without requiring an individual to discontinue drug use

Harm Reduction Model

Focuses on policies, programs, and interventions that seek to reduce or minimize the adverse health and social consequences of drug use without requiring an individual to discontinue drug use.

Harm-Reduction Model

Characteristics of latency stage

Harsh superego and a consolidation of ego defenses; increased ego development; thinking in absolutes (black/white)

Ted Kaczynski entered Harvard at age 16, he was deceived into conducting himself into a series of purposely brutalizing psychological experiments. Later he engages in a nation wide bombing campaign against modern technology, planting or mailing numerous home-made bombs, killing 3 people and injuring 23 others.

Harvard and the making of the Unabomber

Ego Psychology & Problem of Adaptation; significance of object relations (organism and environment). -The id and ego are present at birth in an undifferentiated matrix.

Heinz Hartman

Self-psycology; empathy as experience-near observation.

Heinz Kohlt

Self-Psychology

Heinz Kohut is best known for the development of _____________?

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Help parents prioritize needs when a child's disability impacts all areas of daily life and receives support from several professionals.

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Helping clients develop skills through role plays helps improve overall functioning.

Complete paralysis of one side of the body (It involves the arm, leg, and sometimes the face of the affected side) Conversion disorder

Hemiplegia

Ordering of systems into subsystems- General systems theory

Hierarchy

- Attention seeking - Inappropriately sexually seductive - uses physical appearance to draw attention - Overly trusting; guillible; easily influenced by others

Histrionic Personailty Disorder

1. overly dramatic (theatrical) 2. vain 3. impulsive 4. sexually provocative 5. common diagnosis in females 6. must be center of attention

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Behavior melodramatic, over-the-top, constant display of excessive emotionality, attention-seeking

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Behavior melodramatically, over the top, constant display of excessive emoitnality, attention seeking

Histrionic Personality Disorder

HPD: Excessive emotionality & attention seeking; constantly seeking reassurance, approval or praise; egocentricity & LACK of empathy. NPD: Grandiose sense of self-importance; fantasies of unlimited success, feelings of entitlement, exploiting others, extreme polarities of idealizing and devaluing others.

Histrionic personality disorder vs. Narcissistic personality disorder

The Null Hypothesis or a statement that is opposite or contradicts the Ha

Ho is the Symbol for?

when they cant get rid of anything

Hoarding

- Persistent difficulty with discarding items - Need to save them - Results in accumulation in living areas and compromises their use - Impairments in functioning

Hoarding Disorder

...

Hoarding Disorder

Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value

Hoarding Disorder

steady sate order neccessary for movement

Homeostasis

steady-state order necessary for movement. Property of a system regulating its internal environment. Maintaining stable, constant condition of properties of system.

Homeostasis

Steady state

Homeostasis (systems theory)

stead state order necessary for movement

Homeostatsis

Opposition Defiant Disorder

Hostile & defiant behavior (losing temper, arguing with adults, actively defying adult requests), irritability, often angry, resentful & spiteful behavior is?

Resilience, ability to bounce back

How do communities influence youth?

3 months

How long must an individual experience difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep in order to meet criteria for insomnia disorder? 3 months 6 months 1 year 2 weeks

c. with transference issues

How might a black client initially relate to a white social worker? a. with minimal countertransference issues b. with passive aggressiveness c. with transference issues d. with self disclosure

a. discuss your findings with the client

How would you discuss the results of the Beck Depression Inventory with a client? a. discuss your findings with the client b. incorporate your findings into the treatment plan c. have the client complete another depression scale for comparison d. don't discuss the results because they might confuse the client

d. explain the client's behavior and how it meets criteria

How would you explain a DSM diagnosis to a client? a. let the client read it from the DSM b. don't explain it, the client wouldn't understand c. tell the client in which category the disorder is described d. explain the client's behavior and how it meets criteria

like milestones during early childhood that you watch to track their development.

Human Development theories

Maslow - learning is viewed as a person's activities aimed at reached full potential - focus of learning is meeting cognitive and other needs

Humanistic Learning Theory

- Treated with Ritalin and Adderall - they have have a paradoxical effect

Hyperactivity in Children/Adults

A condition in which there is a greater than normal sensitivity/reactivity to sound (Common with Depression)

Hyperacusia

Elevated, expanisve, irratible mood that is less severe than full blown mania, not severe enough to affect functioning

Hypomania

Elevated, expansive, irritable mood that is less severe than full-blown mania, not severe enough to affect functioning

Hypomania

elevated, expanisve, or irritable mood that is less severe than manic ysmptoms

Hypomania

seat of primitive drives and instincts

ID

unconscious source of motives and drives; pleasure principle seeks immediate gratification

Id

unconscious source of motives and drives; pleasure principle, seeks immediate gratification

Id

Instinctual energy that contains biological urges such as impulses towards survival, sex and aggression - the unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle (drive to achieve pleasure and avoid pain)

Id (Psychoanalytic Theory)

overestimation of an admired aspect or attribute of anohter

Idealization

universal mechism wherby a person patterns himself after a significant other, plays major role in personality devleopment

Identification

mastering anxiety by idetnify with a powerful aggressor (abusive parent) to counter act feelings helplessness, i.e. repeating abuse

Identification w/ Aggressor

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Identify obstacles that hindered earlier treatment efforts FIRST so the client can be successful in the current treatment plan.

Introjection

Identifying with some idea or object so deeply that is becomes part of that person?

Severe subjective distress regarding a youngster's ability to integrate various aspects of his sense of self, related to career, friendship etc.

Identity Disorder

Severe subjective distress regarding a youngsters ability to integrate various aspects of his sense of self, related to career, friendship etc

Identity Disorder

characterized by severe subjective distress regarding a youngsters inability to integrate various aspects of his or her acceptable sense of self (related to orientations, moral systems, etc)

Identity Disorder

Fidelity: sense of self in relationship to others - Erikson

Identity v. Role Confusion

Adolescence; psychological revolution that comes with puberty, child can commit to being what others do not want him to be

Identity vs. Identity Diffusion

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

If a 4 year old child can't recite the alphabet, he may not have reached this level of cognitive development.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

If a client abruptly stops coming to see the social worker, you should call the client and ask the reasons for the abrupt stop BEFORE respecting the client's right to self determination.

c. transference

If a client from a minority group seems suspicious and mistrustful and hesitant to talk to a white social worker, the most likely reason is: a. resistance b. paranoia c. transference d. language issues

Professional Ethics & Values

If a client has the desire to kill an ex but not a plan, the social worker should NEXT monitor the client's feelings at future sessions because ongoing attention to the client's emotions must be maintained.

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

If a client is already seeing a different social worker, the client should discuss the change with the other therapist.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

If a client is indicating some symptoms of depression, the social worker should delve more deeply into the issue and find out about other symptoms.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

If a client is unable to provide information, the social worker should seek permission from the patient to contact relatives.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

If a client questions the social worker's credential and competence, you should ask how the client feels about seeking help. This refocuses the discussion and redirects the client.

Professional Ethics & Values

If a court ordered client misses therapy sessions, the social worker should contact the client to discuss consequences, so you can ensure they are informed and understand conditions set by the court.

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

If a diagnosis has been ruled out, the social worker should recognize a client's right to self-determination when seeking the best course of action.

Professional Ethics & Values

If a social worker has a different opinion than a client, the social worker should focus on exploring the client's decision in terms of treatment and treatment goals.

b. ask the social worker to describe his attraction

If a social worker is attracted to a client, his supervisor should: a. ask the social worker if he is attracted to other clients b. ask the social worker to describe his attraction c. refer the social worker to a therapist d. tell the social worker to terminate the client

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

If children demonstrate knowledge of sexual organs unusual for their age, first explore the source of the knowledge before anything future.

Professional Ethics & Values

If someone asks to see a social worker for therapy but there is the possibility for a dual relationship, you should provide the client with referrals to another social worker.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

If symptoms describe depression, social worker should complete a risk assessment before suggesting to schedule an appointment with his doctor.

- may or may not have anything thing wrong with them but they are intensely anxious about the possibility of being undiagnosed and devote excessive time and energy to health concerns

Illness Anxiety

- Preoccupation with being/getting ill - Anxiety/alarm about health status - Somatic (bodily) symptoms not often present - "Hypochondriasis" Specifiers: - care seeking - care avoiding

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Made-up person, animal, or character created in the mind of young children Pretend play continues at the age of 2 (to 7) does not signify a problem or disorder

Imaginary Friends

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

In "classical conditioning" children can become conditioned by terrible events and begin new associations.

early latency/pre-operational thinking (ages 6-7)

In Piaget's ___________ stage, the child has developed some ability for symbolic thinking but lacks the capacity to think conceptually.

pairing and movement through anxiety hierarchy from least to most anxiety provoking situation

In Vivo Desensitization

b. quasi experimental

In a clinical setting the most likely statistically significant program evaluation design would be: a. experimental b. quasi experimental c. single subject d. type 2

Dizziness. Nystagmus. Incoordination. Slurred speech. Unsteady gait. Lethargy. Depressed reflexes. Psychomotor retardation. Tremor. Generalized muscle weakness. Blurred vision or diplopia. Stupor or coma. Euphoria

Inhalant Intoxication

loss of motivation to engage in pleasurablel activity becuase it might sitr up conflict over fobidden impulses (i.e. writing, learning)

Inhibition

response to novel situations - Temperament

Initial Reaction

Sense of purpose: explore imagine and feel remorse for actions - Erikson

Initiative v. Guilt

Play age, expansion of imagination, intrusive activity and curiousity, consumning fantasies that lead to guilt

Initiative vs. Guilt

Include Haldol D/Decanoate and Prolixin D, injectable forms are useful for noncompliant clients

Injectable Forms of Antipsychoticc

Include Haldol D/Decanoate and Prolixin D, injectible forms are useful for noncompliant clients

Injectible Forms of Antipsychoticc

accept input from enviornment

Input

e.g. information, money, energy, time, individual effort, people - General systems theory

Input

what is put into a system, eg information, energy, money, time.

Input

Obtaining resources from the environment that are necessary to attain the goals of the system

Input (systems theory)

A- difficulties in the use and acquisition of language due to deficits in comprehension or production that includes. 1)reduced vocal 2)limited sentence structure 3)impairments in discourse (use vocal to connect sentences to describe event or topic). B- language is well below those expected for age resulting in limitations in communication, social participation, academic achievement, or occupational performance, individually or any combination C- onset is in early dev. period D- not attributable to eating or other sensory impairment, motor dysfunction or another medical or neurological condition. or better explained by intellectual disability

Language Disorder

Persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language across modalities due to deficits in comprehension or production

Language Disorder

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Lack of adequate follow up services to ensure medication compliance and supportive psychotherapy by mentally disabled clients i the most frequent reason for their needing re hospitalization.

Receptive Lanaguage - the input system in which information is taken through the senses Expressive Language - the output system that involves speaking, gesturing, writing, or babbling. - Receptive language usually starts before expressive

Language development

Theory Moral Development (1969) -Argued that children's experiences shape their understanding of moral concepts such as justice, rights, equality, and human welfare. -6 Stages of Moral Reasoning

Lawrence Kohlberg

1. Biopsychosocial model - most comprehensive explanation 2. Medical model-a addiction is considered a chronic disease 3. Self-medication model - substances relieve symptoms of a psychiatric disorder 4. Family & environmental model 5. Social model **** substance abuse problems must be addressed before other psychotherapeutic issues

Models for substance abuse

(30 - 40) - (50 - 55)

Moderate Intellectual Functioning is what IQ range?

quality of emotional expression - Temperament

Mood

Abilify (Aripiprazole)

Mood Disorders

Depakote (Divalproex Sodium)

Mood Disorders

Lamictal (Lamotragine)

Mood Disorders

Lithium

Mood Disorders

Used to treat Bipolar

Mood Stabilizers

Types: - Lithium - Most commonly used - Tegretol - fewer side effects than Lithium - Depakote - Rapid cycling Uses: Treatment for Bipolar Disorder Side effects - Lithium - Toxicity

Moods Stabilizers

Family

Moral Development is learned primarily from the individual's _______.

Ability to move spontaneously and actively, consuming energy in the process.

Motility

...

Motor Disorders

Take something away, taking aspirin to alleviate a headache

Negtative Reinforcement (Operant Conditioning continued)

Intellectual disabilities Communication disorders Autism Spectrum Disorder ADHD Specific Learning Disorder Motor Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Most dangerous of SEs. High fever, dehydration, sweating, elevated blood pressure, fast heart rate and respiration, agitation, elevated white blood cell count, difficulty swallowing and autonomic instability.

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Medical emergency, occurs after starting a neuropletic, includes fever, muscle rigidity, mental status changes

Neuropleptic Malignant Syndrom

9/11 caused Homeland Security to be created, Medicare Prescription Drug Modernization Act 2003 Affordable Care Act 2010- caused much conflict over what the law really states, very confusing.

New Millennium

categorical

Nomal

categorical

Nominal

system is greater than sum total of it's parts- General systems theory

Non-summativitiy

first weeks of life. - Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory

Normal Autistic Phase

until 5 mo. - aware of mother but not individualized - Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory

Normal Symbiotic Phase

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Normal adolescent behavior includes trying to exert control over decisions.

The most basic unit in society - clients forming relationships outside of the nuclear family tend to pick mates with the same level of differentiation

Nuclear family (Bowenian Family Therapy)

-obsessions and compulsions -need to do a certain amount of something to go do something else

OCD

KIDS ONLY Defiance must interfere with the child's ability to function in school, home, or the community - Losing temoper - Arguing with adults - Refuse to follow the rules

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

oral sucking eating

Oral

logical ordering, cities, teams based on games won

Ordinal Scale

Pupillary dilation. Tachycardia. Sweating. Palpitations. Blurring of vision. Tremors. Incoordination.

Other Hallucinogen Intoxication (shrooms, LSD)

The product or service which results from the system's throughput - processing of input. Rules, decisions, money, etc.

Output

e.g. decisions, laws, rules, money, assistance, cars, clothing, bills - General systems theory

Output

A product of the system that exports to the environment

Output (systems theory)

Rather than trying to master challenges, a person covers up their since of inferiority by focusing on outward signs of superiority such as status, wealth and power

Overcompensate (individual psychology)

Rather than trying to master challenges, a person tries to cover up their sense of inferiority by focusing on outward signs of superiority such as status, wealth and power

Overcompensate (individual psychology)

-triggered from a terrifying event -ex. veteran experiences PTSD

PTSD

-recurrent, unexpected panic attacks -persistently concerned or worried about having more panic attacks or changes his or her behavior in a big way because of the panic attacks

Panic Disorder

A- 4 or more of the following 1. palpitations of heart, 2. sweating, 3. trembling, 4. sensation of smothering or shortness of breath 5. chocking feeling 6. chest pain or discomfort 7. nausea, 8. dizzy uneasy, 9. chills 10. numbness 11. unreality or detachment from self. 12. fear of losing control 13. fear of dying. B- 1 month of one or more of the following 1. worry about additional panic attacks 2. maladaptive change in behavior to avoid C- not attributed to substance D- no other mental disorder.

Panic Disorder

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks. A panic attack is an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes, (an attack is sudden without warning; no cue or trigger)

Panic Disorder

Used in Strategic Family Therapy. Prescribe the symptomatic behavior so client realizes they can control it; uses the strength of the resistance to change in order to move them toward goals.

Paradoxical Instruction

prescribe the symptomatic behavior so the client realizes they can control it; uses the strenghth of resistance to change in order to move them toward goals

Paradoxical Instruction

prescribe the symptomatic behavior so the client realizes they can control it; uses the strengh of the resistance to change in order to move them toward goals

Paradoxical Instruction in Strategic Family Therapy

Prescribe the symptomatic behavior so a client realizes he or she can control it; uses the strength of resistance to change in order to move client toward goals

Paradoxical directive or instruction (Strategic Family Therapy)

Interperting the actions of others as deliberately threating or demeaning. Untrusting, unforgiving, pront ot angry outbursts

Paranoid Personality

pattern of distrust and suspisiciousness such that others motives are interpreted that

Paranoid Personality

1. Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others 2. interpret motive as being malevolent 3. suspects without reason: exploit, harm, or deception 4. preoccupied with thoughts of others loyalty or trustworthiness 5. reluctant to confide in others 6. reads remarks as threatening or offensive 7. persistent grudges 8. u personal attacks and is quick to anger 9. recurring suspicions of fidelity of significant other

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts

Paranoid Personality Disorder

(Aka sexual perversion and sexual deviation) Experience of intense sexual arousal to atypical objects, situations, or individuals

Paraphilia

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Paraphilias are abnormal sexual behaviors or impulses characterized by intense sexual fantasies and urges that keep coming back.

Exploitation

Parity would be the response to which characteristic of principles for social work practice with diverse populations?

characterized by a triad of signs, tremor, rigidity and slowed movement, caused by antipsychotic durgs

Parkinsonian syndrom

characterized by a triad of signs: tremor, rigidity and slowed movement, caused by antipsychotic durgs

Parkinsonian syndrom

directieve policies, faciliteis must inform clients of their rights to make decisions concerning their own health care, ask and document whether a client has an advance directive and provide education for staff and community

Patient Self Determinaction Act

Conduct disorder

Patterns of behavior that violate basic human rights, aggression toward people & animals, destruction of property, deceit or theft, running away, or truancy is?

d. speak Spanish, are knowledgeable about the area of concern, and have a good reputation in the community

People from Latino cultures tend to accept help from experts who: a. sound very knowledgeable and work for prestigious institutions b. have a reputation for being knowledgeable about a certain subject and are a relative or friend of the person in need c. are not Latino, but are highly credentialed d. speak Spanish, are knowledgeable about the area of concern, and have a good reputation in the community

Social

Per Cognitive Theory behavior is driven by _____ motivation, not sexual drives.

B. weak boundaries between family members

Per Minuchin, psychosomatic families are most likely to be characterized by which of the following: A. frequent intense open conflicts between family members B. weak boundaries between family members C. family roles that are inflexible and stereotyped D. marked emotional distance between the husband and wife

ego, "conflict-free sphere"

Perception, motility, and memory are considered ______ functions. According to Hartmann, these abilities are present at birth and are in the ____________, the infant's innate constitution.

Gestalt Theory -Experiential; "here and now;" personal responsibility; interconnectedness (IP relationship) between client + therapist.

Perls/Goodman

systemic process of carying a set of goal directed activities help children live in perm. families

Permanancy Planning

behavior that should or ought to be performed, such as a social worker nto acting in the way the client would like

Perscription

extent of continuation of behavior with or without interruption - Temperament

Persistence

A- depressed mood for most of the days than not for at least 2 years B- 2 or more of the following 1. poor appetite or overeating, 2. insomnia hypersomnia 3. low energy or fatigue 4. low self esteem 5. poor concentration or diff. making decisions 6. hopelessness. C- during 2 year has not been without symptoms A or B for more than 2 months D- MDD symptoms present for 2 years E- no manic or hypomanic never cyclothymic F- cause clinical sign. distress in soc. occ. other areas of functioning.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Ct as part of an environmental system and encompasses all influences

Person In Environment Perspective

Ct is self exploring. therapist is non directive does not advise or interpret therapist will restate cts remarks to clarify

Person/Client Centered

Behavior that deviates markedly from cultural expectations affecting two or more of these areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, affect control

Personality Disorder Criterion

Behavior that deviates markedly from cultural expectations, affecting two or more of these areas: cognition, affectivity (how feelings arise), interpersonal functioning, affect control (ability to control feelings/emotions)

Personality Disorder Criterion

Autistic Disorder - Abnormal impairment in social interactions nd communications Asperger's Disorder - Abnormal impairment in social interactions and some communication Ex. if someone tells a kid to put a sock in it and he put actually puts a sock in his mouth.

Pervasive Developmental Disorders

focus on genital differences

Phallic

Vertical or horizontal nystagmus. Hypertension or tachycardia. Numbness or diminished responsiveness to pain. Ataxia. Dysarthria. Muscle rigidity. Seizures or coma. Hyperacusis

Phencyclidine Intoxication (PCP)

Parents request, signs of abuse...

Philosophical issues- when should state intervene?

Theory of cognitive development

Piaget

Sensorimotor & Congitive

Piaget believed that all individuals are born with schemas or ___________ & ____________ abilities.

Sensorimotor (birth - 2yrs) Pre-Operational (2 - 7yrs) Concrete Operational (7 -11yrs) Formal Operational (11 - 15yrs)

Piaget's 4 stages of Cognitive development are?

Children progress through stages to develop higher levels of thinking. (Infancy - basic and concrete to more abstract thinking with moral development)

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive development

Eating of non-nutritive substances outside the context of a socially normative practice Over a period of at least 1 month

Pica (307.52) (Feeding and eating disorders)

- Establish boundaries of work - Partialize problems - Develop a working hypothesis - Feasibility - Contract - Know the components

Planning

Confidentiality - Exception include child abuse Waivers: - Signed consent - Patient lawsuits involving mental health - Criminal Pleas of insanity

Privilege

Time limited, goals of intervention, environmental and social influences of client, reality based focus.

Problem Solving

Ego psychology, inability to cope with a problem, ideal clients are those who usual problem solving capacities or resources have broken down, impaired, or adaptive.

Problem Solving Approah

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Problem Solving Therapy addresses issues quickly in a limited time span.

Physical abuse, verbal abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, neglect, lack of basic needs

Problems that may lead to needing Child Protective Services include?

Period of time before the onset of a serious illness during which there might be subtle sympoms, before psychotic episode, suspicions/paranoia

Prodromal

Period of time before the onset of a serious illness during which there might be subtle symptoms, before psychotic episode, suspicions/paranoia

Prodromal

period of time before th onset of a serious illness during which there may be subtle symptoms

Prodromal

Professional Ethics & Values

Professional ethics require social workers to seek supervision in instances in which personal values conflict with client needs NOT refer client to someone else (ex: gay client)

Below (20 - 25)

Profound Intellectual Functioning is what IQ range?

primitive defense, attirbuting ones diswoned attitudes wishes feelings urges to some external object or person

Projection

Requires a gross deprivation of care or successive multiple care caregivers Inhibited - child does not intiate and respond to social interactions in a developmentally appropriate manner Disinhibited - the child is very friendly to strangers and accepts anyone as a caregiver Ex. Would get in a car with anyone

Reactive Attachment Disorder

5+ symptoms for a 2-week period and must represent change in functioning, must be depressed mood or anhedonia

Requirements for Major Depression

Independent variable + control variables ------> Dependent Variable Ex. Test-prep course (IV) -----> Exam Score (DV)

Research Variables

Watson & Pavlov

Respodent or Classical conditioning was formulated by John ______ & Ivan ______.

Involuntary behavior that is automatically elicited by a stimulus (ex. Anxiety, sexual response)

Respondent

Being able to adopt behavior patterns and giving up or getting rid of at least part your cultural beliefs and behaviors

Responses to dominance- What is acculturation?

Reliability

Results obtained consistently from the same study repeatedly is a measure of?

limit of years of assistance you could receive, more stringent work requirements "welfare to work"

Results of Welfare Reform during Retrenchment Years

quality of life issues, exploring new roles, loss, reviewing life- Family live cycles

Retirement / Senior Years

persistent and progressive developmental regression after period of normal development, typically before the age of four, problems with coordination and disability. Much more common in girls than boys.

Rett's

Regression

Returning to an earlier stage of psychosexual development is called?

persisitent and progressive developmental regression after period of normal development, typically before the age of four, problems with coordination and disability

Rhett's

antipsychotic, sedation blurred vision, urinary retention

Risperdral

2nd generation antipsychotic, anticholinergic SEs.

Risperdral (Risperidone)

Independent Ego Energy (Motivation & concept of competence)

Robert White

Client Centered Approach

Rogers

reci[rocal role of arole partner is carried out in the expected way

Role complemetarity

roles opposite to that which is appropriate

Role reversal

Repeated regurgitation of food over a period of at least 1 month. Regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out

Rumination Disorder

lowering dose of drug

Rx for Akathisia

treat with artane, cogentin, benadryl

Rx for Akinesia

Stop neuroleptic, require med treatment

Rx for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Stop neuroleptic, seek immediate medical treatment.

Rx for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Valium, benadryl, Cogentin

Rx of Acute Dystonic Reactions

prozac, Zoloft, PAXIL, side effects are dose related, less toxic to the heart and safer in overdose than TCA's

SSRI's

Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Paroxetine

SSRIs

Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil. SEs are are dose related, less toxic to the heart and safer in overdose than TCAs.

SSRIs

signed consent

SW must get what before releasing information

basis is that dynamic interaction of components, input through put output

SYsmteps theory

Returning to attachment figure for comfort/safety in face of threat/fear - Attachment theory

Safe Haven

Structural Family Therapy -Strengthening boundaries around the family subsystems when enmeshed or increasing flexibility when overly rigid. -Family should be hierarchal; parents apex.

Sal Minuchin

Strengths Based Approach

Saleebey

behavior with the intent of modifying anothers behavior, usually conformity

Sanctioning

Fam Form 4 When adult children caring for both their parents and their children under the same house.

Sandwich Generation

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Scheduling a conference call with all professionals involved helps support anorexic and comorbid clients.

- Time series design where individual acts as own acts as own control - Comparing baseline to where they are at (intervention)

Single Subject Designs

ANNOUNCING verbally untrue statement

Slander

A- diff. in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication in the following: 1. def. in using communication for social purposes, treating sharing info appropriately 2. impairment in ability to change communication to match context such as changing lthe way they speak (whisper). or children to adul avoiding use of overly formal language 3. hard to follow rules of conversation and storytelling, taking turns, rephrasing and knowing how to use verbal and nonverbal to regulate interaction. 4. difficult. understanding what is not explcity stated and nonliteral or ambiguous meaning of language. B- result in functional limitation comm., soc. partic, occupation, academic C- onset is early dev. D- not attributed to other medical, intellectual dis, neurological

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Community members that come together to promote social change.

Social Action Group

...

Social Anxiety Disorder

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Social workers should remind clients that during involuntary hospitalizations they can not leave.

Bandura - learning is obtained between people and their environment (interactions and observations)

Social/Situational Learning Theory

Bringing people together to reduce isolation and to improve social skills

Socialization Groups

"Isms" provide rationalizations for stratified social structures that offer fewer prospects—fewer opportunities, fewer possibilities—for those with lower status

Societal "isms" provide what?

Bowen's theory used o explain societal anxieties and social problems; manifested by problems such as the depletion of natural resources

Societal regression (Bowenian Family Therapy)

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Solution Focused Therapy examines how progress is made and does not provide assistance with immediate problems.

- lots of physical complaints Specifiers: - w/ predominate pain - persistent ( > 6 months) Severity: mild (1 sx), moderate (2+ sx), or severe (2+ sx and multiple somatic complaints)

Somatic Symptom Disorder

One or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Goal - Decrease behavior frequency - Has to be consistent or it will have less of an impact - Behavior must be punished on every occasion and immediately after the behavior

Punishment (Operant Conditioning continued)

Repression

Pushing a negative or painful image, thought, or idea out of consciousness to avoid the associated pain and also known at the primary defense mechanism is called?

Deliberate and purposeful fire setting on more than one occasion

Pyromania

- Experiences captured as narratives - Details - Lacks reliability

Qualitative Research

- Yes or no questions - Uses many numbers

Quantitative Research

Closed-ended Questioning

Questions that can be answered with a simple, direct answer is this type of questioning?

Open-ended Questioning

Questions that require a client to respond in detail & in their own words is this type of questioning?

Albert Ellis Its ability to differentiate life events; External Event (A) Belief (B) Emotion/Behavior (C)

RET

4 or more episodes of illness occur within 12 month period

Rapid Cycling in Schizophrenia

close to mother, but child aware of separation from mother. Tentative separation, may still need eye contact as baby explores - Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory

Rapproachement

15-24 months can leave mother rather then be left. good/bad.

Rapprochement

18-24 months, disengagement alternating with intense demands for attention, splitting of object (good/bad) can leave mother rather tahn be leve, language development

Rapprochement

defined zero, weight/mph/length

Ratio

cognitively oriented therapy in which the social worker seeks to change clients irrational beliefs by argument

Rational Emotive Therapy

third line of defense, not unconscious, giving explanation for irrational behavior

Rationalization

Intellectualization

Rationalizing and making generalizations about anxiety-provoking issues to minimize pain and anxiety is called?

person adopts affects, ideas, attitudes, behaviors that are opposites of those he harbors consciously or unconsciously i.e. excessive moral zeal masking strong but repressed asocial impulses or being excessively sweet to mask unconscious anger

Reaction Formation

Family homeostasis

4. When one individual in a family markedly improves another simultaneously deteriorates this would be recognized as an example of A) Role complementarily B) Pseudomutuality C) Family homeostasis D) Family fusion

A social work relationship

5. A social worker who uses behavioral techniques would be least interested in A) Operant conditioning B) A social work relationship C) Contract D) Model presentation

Development of physical, social, cognitive, emotional, and moral attributes. Problems may be sourced at anxious reactions to change happening. delinquency, drug and alcohol use, sexual behaviors; violence, depression, anxiety, eating disorders; Problems in school, conflict with family, running away.

Adolescence

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Adolescents are often times trying to find a personal identity.

1) obtaining services or resoures not provided

Advocacy

process for affecting or initiating change on behalf of client groups, obtain services or resources that would not otherwise be provided, modify or influence policies or practices that adversely affect groups or communities

Advocacy

a. You sound angry about coming here and annoyed with me for insisting that you do

After 2 months, an adolescent client ordered by the court to see a social worker complains that he sees no reason for continuing with the worker. He says he's avoided trouble the whole two months and the worker should trust him by now. The worker's best response is: a. You sound angry about coming here and annoyed with me for insisting that you do b. Two months isn't long enough to judge your trustworthiness c. You broke the law and now must suffer the consequences d. Perhaps there is no reason for us to continue

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

After exploring how the client feelings, NEXT the social worker should explore how the client thinks the social worker can help with the situation.

Diagnosing the client

After the Assessment phase comes?

inability to recognize and name objects

Agnosia

A- 2 or more 1. using public trans. 2. open spaces 3. enclosed places 4. standing in line or crowd 5. outside of home alone. B- fears and avoids because of thoughts that escape might be difficult. C- 6 months or more

Agoraphobia

Marked fear or anxiety about two (or more) of the following five situations: Using public transportation; Being in open spaces; Being in enclosed places; Standing in line or being in a crowd; Being outside of the home alone.

Agoraphobia

fears about being in situations or places where escabe would be embarrassing or difficult or help would not be available in the event of a panic attack

Agoraphobia

Strange Situation & Attachment

Ainsworth

inner restlessness, purposeless motor movement, also caused by antipsychotics

Akathisia

inner restlessness, purposeless motor movement, also caused by antipsychotics. Restless leg syndrome for ex.

Akathisia

without movement, slowness in all natural movements, stiff looking,

Akinesia

without movement, slowness in all natural movements, stiff looking.

Akinesia

Social learning theory; observational learning, imitation & modeling; Bobo doll experiment.

Albert Bandura

Slurred speech. Incoordination. Unsteady gait. Nystagmus. (when your eye shakes when it gets to the edge) Impairment in attention or memory. Stupor or coma.

Alcohol Intoxication

Cognitive abilities increasing and forms relationships outside of family and friends to include teachers and extended family. Problems that may occur at this stage are: Learning disabilities, anxiety and psychosomatic complaints, behavior problems with compliance.

Middle Childhood

(50-55) - 70

Mild intellectual functioning is what IQ range?

Minors have right to confidentiality but are limited by laws regarding decision mkaing capacity. Parents reain righ tto receview childrens treatment records be informed of isseus raised in therapy

Minors Rights

The "most" common value 10, 12, 22, 10, 10,= the mode 10

Mode

A consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, manifested by both of the following: 1. The child rarely or minimally seeks comfort when distressed. 2. The child rarely or minimally responds to comfort when distressed

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Types: - Tricyclic Antidepressents - TCA's (tofranil, Elvail) - Monoaine oxidase inhibitors - MAOI's (Nardil Marlplan) - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor - SSRI's (Paxil, Celexa Prozac, Zoloft) Side Effects - Food restrictions

Antidepressent drugs

used to treat psychotic disorders, can cause tardive dyskiesia, two forms of injection

Antipsychotic Drugs

Developmental psychology; social psychology of learning; behavior modification applications and technique, family systems; organizational culture, communication and change; school policy, star and federal legislation

What specialized knowledge (certification) does NASW offer for school social work?

Texas and New Mexico

What states have the highest teen birth rates in the country?

1) Charity Organization Societies-formed to make sure there weren't any gaps or overlapping services. 2) Settlement Movement

What were the 2 responses to the growing social problems that led to the creation of the SW profession?

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

When a child demands an increased amount of attention from their primary caregiver - they're in the RAPPROCHEMENT stage of Object Relations Therapy (MAHLER)

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

When a client breaks a contract and the social worker inquires about why, that is confrontation.

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

When a client cancels appointments and is often late, it's ok to relate the instance to experiences the client has in their personal life.

1) Provide validation of client without acting 2) explore origin of feelings 3) document discussions 5) consult with supervisor

When a client expresses attraction

1) Provide validation of client without acting 2) explore origin of feelings 3) document discussions 5) consult with supervisor.

When a client expresses attraction

Substituation

When a person replaces one feeling or emotion for another is called?

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

When a social worker has a negative emotional reaction to a situation the social worker should convey this using perplexity

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

When an addict stops using other family members must adjust to the new dynamics.

a. a child of the client

When an interpreter is needed to conduct a social work interview, the least appropriate person is probably: a. a child of the client b. a relative c. an untrained interpreter d. an agency staff member

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

When asking couples many questions about their marital history, social workers are trying to understand how the present problem evolved.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

When clients blush and become silent, social workers should remain silent for a few seconds to allow clients to formulate their thoughts.

c. with more than 500 tribal groups, there are substantial cultural and social differences

When considering Native American customs and developing service plans, social workers should understand that: a. all Native Americans have the same culture and tribal differences are minor b. there are important reasons why Native Americans never integrated into American culture c. with more than 500 tribal groups, there are substantial cultural and social differences d. it is important for Native Americans to separate from traditional culture if they want to succeed economically

Professional Ethics & Values

When demonstrating acceptance of clients, social workers should express understanding of the client's thoughts on therapy.

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

When needing items for client's IMMEDIATELY calling a community store for donations is the FIRST thing you should do.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

When sharing diagnostic information with clients, social worker should describe behaviors that clarify the information.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

When significant trauma has occurred, first assess for potential self harm.

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

When symptoms and history describe a depression diagnosis, a medication evaluation needs to take place first.

impulse of repetitive and unwanted behavior

compulsion

a mental image that symbolizes an idea, an object, an event, or a person

concept

adaptation, transactions, goodness of fit, reciprocity, mutuality.

concepts of ecological perspective

rational mental process, thoughts of which we are fully aware

concious

literal thought

concrete

creation of inaccurate memories or fabrications, unconsciously to substitute unrecalled events

confabulation

a promise by the researcher not to publicly identify a given research participant's data. distinguished from anonymity, which makes it impossible for a researcher to link any research data with a given research participant.

confidentiality

-who is paying? -does the research have anything to gain if the result's one way or the other? - is the research independent?

conflict of interest

the degree to which a measure relates to other variables as expected within a system of theoretical relationships and as reflected by the degree of its convergent validity and discriminant validity

construct validity

the degree to which a measure covers the range of meanings included within the concept.

content validity

existence of a regular relations between 2 variable ( A<---->B )

correlation

the degree to which a measure relates with some external criterion. For example, the validity of the college board exam is shown in its ability to predict the college success of students.

criterion-related validity

a study based on observations that represent a single point in time. contrasted with a longitudinal study

cross-sectional

a researcher's ability to obtain and provide information that is relevant, useful, and valid for minority and oppressed populations. it involves knowledge about the minority culture's historical experiences, traditions, values, family systems, socioeconomic issues, and attitudes about social services and social policies; awareness of how ones own attitudes are connected to ones own cultural background and how they may differ from the worldview of members of the minority cultures; and skills in communication effectively both verbally and nonverbally with members of the minority culture and establishing rapport with them.

cultural competence

a relationship between two variables that changes in nature at different values of the variable. For example: the amount of social work practice experience and practice effectiveness, particularly if we assume that practitioners with a moderate amount of experience are more effective than those with none and at least as effective as those nearing retirement.

curvilinear relationship

refer student to an educational psycgologist; student may ahve a learning disability

if a student is bright but unmotivated and social worker hasnt been able to make any progress with a client whgat shoyuld they do?

use multiple forms of media communication

if community and policy makers dont know much at all about a problem, what's the best way to teach them about it?

follow appropriate jurisdiction requirements that guide SW in disclosing a teen;s records

if parents want access to a teens records but the teen really doesnt want them to know, what should teh social worker do FIRST?

find a sex offender expert in treating sex offenders and use them as a supervisor (this approach is better than consulting with olleagues or doing research adn is more likely to work in a rural area)

if youre in a rural community and have no experience working with sex offenders, i.e. not qualified to, but youre with a sex offender client, how should you proceed?

form a committee involving hte key players and members in the community

if youre wanting to address a community or agency problem, what could you do FIRST before takingo ther actions?

focus on shared values

in a collaborative setting, if a social worker disagrees with the majority of other staff on an issue, waht should he/she do?

allow a brief warm up period ot estab lish rapport

in an initial interview with an adolescent client, teh social worker shoudl do waht?

the social workers level of competence

in assigning new responsibilities to a social worker in an agency, the supervisors PRIMARY cvonsideraiton should be what?

roles and responsibiliteis

in clarifying expectations in teh client-social worker relationship, what is the MOST important thing for the client and social worker to establish?q

both partners together with one or two therapists

in conjoint therapy, treatment is offered to whom in a couple?

clients' level of functioning

in developing an adult group therapy for psychiatric patients, waht is MOST important to consider?

sustaining procedures

in the psychosocial model, what technique is central for doing casework?

get together an interested group of professionals

in trying to get a program started to address a communtiy's problems, wahts the first step?

consult the childs psychologist for placement risks

in working on permanency planning for twins, one of whom has severe behavioral problems, theyve told you taht they want to stay together; what should you do?

Body Dysmorphia

Somatoform Disorders

Example: Body Dysmorphic Disorder, condition marked with excesive preoccupation with imaginary defects

Somatoform Disorders

Bivariate statistical tests: T-test - test of significance between 2 different means Chi-square - difference between what is expected and what is observed

Statistical Test

Helps clients: accept their self statements, identifies dysfunctional beliefs, situations that evoke dysfunction, rewards

Steps in CBT

Tachycardia or bradycardia. Pupillary dilation. Elevated or lowered blood pressure. Perspiration or chills. Nausea or vomiting. Evidence of weight loss. Psychomotor agitation or retardation. Muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias. Confusion, seizures, dyskinesias, dystonias, or coma.

Stimulant Intoxication

Fatigue. Vivid, unpleasant dreams. Insomnia or hypersomnia. Increased appetite. Psychomotor retardation or agitation.

Stimulant Withdrawal

developed by Alfred Adler and his holistic theory of persoanlotyu development, aim of therapy is more adoptive feelings of inferiority

Stiving for Perfection

- focused on problem resolution by altering behavior - active, brief, directive and task centered - SW initiates what happens during therapy, designs a specific approach for each person's presenting problem, and takes responsibility for directly influencing people

Strategic Family Therapy

Haley, Focus on problem, and changing SYMPTOMATIC behavior

Strategic Family Therapy

Minuchin, therapist joins, and change maladaptive family boundaries. helps families identify what the RULES AND ROLES of each family member.

Structural FT

- stresses the importance of family organization for the functioning of the group and well-being of its members - social worker joins/engages the family in an effort to restructure it - restructuring is based on observing and manipulating interactions within therapy sessions

Structural Family Therapy

Mental Retardation

Sub-average intellectual functioning & impairment in adaptive functioning with onset before age 18 is considered?

Potentially maladaptive feelings or behaviors are diverted into socailly acceptable, adaptive channels; i.e. a person who has angry feelings channels them into athletics

Sublimation

- Is NOT a court order, just to provide evidence - SWs must claim privilege unless the client has provided consent - SW must wait to be court ordered to release information

Subpeonas

not a court order, mandate to provide evidence or testimony, it is not a final ruling or order by a court on the legal requirement to provide evidence

Subpoena

maladaptive pattern of use leading to significant impairment in functioning or distress, continues to abuse substances despite persisitent or recurrent negative consequences and problems related to employment, school or legal issues

Substance Abuse

A system is interacting parts contained in a boundary Enthropy - no energy from the outside/closed system (bad) Negative Enthropy - getting energy (good) Homeostatsis - steady state

Systems Theory

dynamic interaction of components where interaction among parts of the system is the focus, humans are seen as active, goal seeking organisms whose development and functioning are outcomes of transaction between genetic potential

Systems Theory

Open & Closed

Systems are classified as either _______ or _______ Systems.

Open Systems

Systems that are accepting of input from outside environmental sources & are willing to change accordingly are known as ______ ______?

Closed-System

Systems that have rigid, impermeable boundaries, are resistant to forces outside the system, are not amenable to change, do not accept input from other systems and not provide output to the other systems.

-Test of statistical significance, difference between sample means. -Eg could be used to compare the average floor routine score of the U.S. women's Olympic gymnastic team to the average floor routine score of China's women's team.

T-Test

test of statistical significance, difference between sample means

T-Test

Standard Deviation around the Mean

This measurement of variability is the dispersion of scores around the central tendency & usually defines the normal distribution or "bell curve."

Baseline Phase

This phase of an N=1 study is where a target problem/behavior is defined as?

Intervention Phase

This phase of an N=1 study is where the effect on the target is observed & measured for a change.

Generalist Framework

This practice framework allows the SW to be open to and use a variety of theories, models & methods of Tx and is considered the opposite of Specialization is known as?

Generalist Framework

This practice framework allows the SW to be open to and use a variety of theories, models and methods of treatment is?

Feminist Framework

This practice framework is most relevant when the client is a female and her issues are based upon the effects of gender or sex role stereotypes and discrimination.

Ethnic-Sensitive Framework

This practice framework requires the SW to be attentive & sensitive to a client's culture, ethnicity & religion.

Strengths (perspective) Framework

This practice framework requires the SW to explore, focus on, mobilize & embellish the client's strengths & is?

Systems Framework

This practice framework requires the SW to focus on the interplay between biological & social systems as they relate to human behavior are?

Systems Framework

This practice framework requires the SW to focus on the interplay between biological and social systems as they relate to human behavior are?

Ecosystems Framework

This practice framework views the individual in the context of & their behaviors as adaptations to the environment as?

Alpha (typically set at .05 or less)

This probably is known as the Level of Significance (with taking a perfect relationship) 1.0 - 0.99 (an observed relationship) & determining the level of significance and whether to reject or accept the Ho

Research

This process explains how data is collected & analyzed to either confirm or reject a proposition or a hypothesis is know as?

Medicaid

This program was established under the Social Security Act & provides for medical assistance for individuals/families w/ low incomes & resources.

Confrontation

This psychoanalytic technique where the SW brings opposing ideas & thoughts together for the purpose of exploration & comparison is referred to as?

Federal Privacy Act of 1974

This public law 93-579 was enacted over concerns that individuals were unaware that agencies were collecting personal info & not sharing it with their clients.

Validity

This research or study concept refers to the extent to which results collected reflect the True or correct characteristics of what the researcher is attempting to measure is known as?

Cluster Sampling

This sampling technique is based upon taking a Simple Random Sampling of groups and then sampling all items within that group is known as?

Stratified Random Sampling

This sampling technique is dividing population of two or more groups into common denominators (e.g., gender, income, etc...) & known as?

Simple Random Sampling

This sampling technique is where a group of n subjects has equal chance of being picked (e.g., picking names out of hat) & known as?

Identity vs. Role Confusion

This stage is from 12 to 18 years and involves the creation of one's identity. Failing this stage the adolescent will experience role confusion.

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

This stage is from 2-3 years & involves mastery of skills to be autonomous & learning to be more confident & in control of their self.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

This stage is from 20 to 35 years and involves the individual learning to build reciprocal relationships. Failing this stage the individual will feel isolated.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

This stage is from 35 to 50 years and involves the individual developing the capacity to care and nurture. Failing this stage and the focus tends to be on her/himself.

Initiative vs. Guilt

This stage is from 4 to 5 years and involves a child becoming more curious and learns to play with others. If not allowed to take initiative will feel guilty & fearful.

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

This stage is from 50 years on and involves the individual learning to accept her/his own life achievements & significant others. Failing this stage the individual will feel despair/regret.

Industry vs. Inferiority

This stage is from 6 to 11 years and involves a child to accomplish tasks & work in groups. Failing this stage the child feels inferior & incompetent.

Tension

This systems theory concept is defined as a disturbing factor or level of conflict and a good and necessary thing for systems to adapt.

t-Test

This test of statistical significance assesses whether the means of 2 sample groups are statistically different from each other

Chi Square

This test of statistical significance determines the degree of confidence you can have in accepting or rejecting a hypothesis.

p-value

This test of statistical significance is the probability that the observed statistic occurred by chance alone.

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance or F Test)

This test of statistical significance tests whether there is an actual and real difference between the means of two or more sample groups.

Cognitive Theory

This theoretical approach focuses on changing behavior by identifying, challenging, & changing the client's misconceptions & false beliefs is referred as?

Gestalt Theory

This theoretical approach helps the client become aware of their behaviors, recognize, use & expand on other behaviors, & take responsibility for such behaviors is known as?

Family (systems) Theory

This theoretical approach views the client as part of a system that includes subsystems & seeks to clarify roles & improve communication stemming from dysfunction or conflict within part of the system is know as?

Strategic Family Therapy

This treatment approach in family theory focuses on rules & patterns of behavior where the SW strategically chooses interventions that improve the family's behavioral interactions within/among each other is known as?

Structural Approach

This treatment approach in family theory focuses on the interactions & relationships within the family systems & known as?

Range

This type of Measure of Variability is the difference between the largest & smallest measurements.

Construct Validity

This type of Validity is an experimental demonstration of a test which measures a term it claims to be measuring is known as?

Predicted Validity

This type of Validity is where a measurement is compared with some predicted future outcome.

Content Validity

This type of Validity is where a term or construct is deemed to be a good measurement as agreed upon by research experts.

Concurrent Validity

This type of Validity is where results of one study are compared to results of another-similar study but measured using a different instrument.

Genogram

This type of assessment tool is similar to a family tree & describes the family relationships for 1 or more generations.

Ecomap

This type of assessment tool seeks to place the client in the context of their family & social environment.

Process Oriented

This type of prog eval also known as a "formative evaluation," evaluates a prog during a specific point in time under specific conditions (e.g., planning stage through implementation of prog).

Outcome Evaluation

This type of program evaluation focuses on evaluating results after the entire program is completed.

Observation only

This type of single subject design "A only" is known as?

Intervention only

This type of single subject design "B only" is known as?

No baseline is recorded. Instead data is recorded after an initial intervention (B). Then the intervention is changed and data is recorded (C).

This type of single subject design B-C only is implemented how?

Basic single systems design

This type of single-subject design A-B design is know as?

Type II error

This type of statistical error is when the Ho is accepted but in actuality is false or when a researcher concludes that a difference doesn't exist when it really does.

Type I error

This type of statistical error occurs when the Ho is rejected but in actuality is true or when a researcher concludes that a difference does exists when it really doesn't.

Experimental Studies

This type of study involves identifying & manipulating independent variables & measuring their effect on the dependent variable and is the most rigorous studies conducted.

Descriptive Studies (e.g., observational methods, case-studies cross-sectional, and survey methods)

This type of study is used to discover new qualitative facts.

Exploratory Study or Research

This type of study is used when dealing with a new area of research or to clarify or expand on existing knowledge.

Inter-Rater

This type of test of reliability is where research subjects' test scores are compared with one another using the same test is known as?

Split-Half Test

This type of test of reliability is where study subjects are randomly assigned to one of two groups and are tested within their respective groups and ideally achieving the same result is known as?

Test-Retest

This type of test of reliability where a study is performed once & then performed again is known as?

Common Medications Rx'ed for Psychotic D/O's

Thorazine, Mellaril, Stelazine, Prolixin, Hadol, Loxitane, Clorazil, Risperdal & Zyprexa are?

Processing or using input, eg decision-making, meeting together, information sharing, sorting.

Throughput

processing the input

Throughput

Energy that is integrated into the system so it can be used by the system to accomplish its goals

Throughput (systems theory)

-Reunification with family -custody to a relative -termination of parental rights and adoption or permanent legal guardianship -independent living with permanent family connections

What are the final steps in the pathway of a case through the child welfare system?

-Being female -low socioeconomic status -having a step-parent -preadolescent age -absence of natural parents -disability, illness, or employment of mother -parental conflict or violence

What are the risk factors associated with child sexual abuse?

Representation, pay and family formation

What are the three reasons women experience inequities in academia?

Social Security Act 1935 Federal Emergency relief Act Federal Banking polices for economic stability

What did the "New Deal" bring to the social welfare system?

Cooking, cleaning, watching the kids

What do homemaker services include?

A = Activating Event B = Individual's thoughts & beliefs about A C = Emotional Response & Consequences of B

What does ABC stand for in cognitive behavioral therapy?

Emphasizes permanency planning, enforces families to care for their own children and developing appropriate permanent placements when that is not possible

What does The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act address?

Establishing partnerships with families, all professionals involved get together and decide what's best for the family

What does family group conferencing involve?

An unquestioning veneration and respect for and deference to authority, permeates relationships between generations

What is "filial piety"?

Trust in persons rather than in impersonal institutions or structures; directs his panic clients to personalize their relationships with social workers

What is "personalismo"?

Keeping the family together or what's best for the child and the tricky balance between?

What is Child welfare's dual perspective?

Feelings of persecution

What is a core component of the diagnostic picture of paranoia?

danger to self, danger to others, inability to care for self

What is criteria for involuntary commitment

Actions toward different groups that supports and maintains prejudice

What is discrimination?

Placing children with relatives pr any adult who has a kinship bond with the child

What is formal kinship care?

MAO Inhibitors (should be not mixed with aged foods)

What is most effective for treating atypical depressions and non-endogenous depressions?

Promotes and advances equality in power, values, status, and rank through corrective action

What is parity?

A time out or a time away, crisis nurseries and shelters, and available to qualified families

What is respite care?

The idea that there is limited help we can give to others; it is false

What is the "myth of scarcity"?

Conscious, Pre-conscious & Unconscious

What is the 3 Levels of Consciousness?

Oral: 0 - 1.5yrs old Anal: 1.5 - 3yrs old Phallic: 3 - 6yrs old Latency: 6 - 12yrs old Genital: 12yrs to Adulthood

What is the age ranges for the 5 psychosexual stages of development? (Orphan Annie Pretty Little Girl)

d. when subjects are non-volunteers

What is the best way to control for external validity? a. when subjects are homogenous in relationship to personal characteristics b. when subjects are informed about what the study is measuring c. when subjects volunteer for the study d. when subjects are non-volunteers

Hispanic

What is the fastest growing racial group in the US?

People with disabilities

What is the largest disenfranchised group in the United States?

The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA)

What is the name of the landmark federal legislation that addresses child abuse?

40%

What percentage of children will live with mother and her boyfriend before their 16th birthday?

Family Life Cycle theory

Carter & McGoldrick

not recommended or unsafe to use

Contraindication

Bronfenbrenner

Ecological Systems Theory

1964 Food stamp program Head Start Program

Economic Opportunity Act

arousal by showing genitals to those who do not wish to see them

exhibitionism

to create meaning in life by realizing that the ct has freedom of choice and is responsible for life.

existential

members realize that they are responsible for their own lives, action and choices.

existential factors

external events or psychosocial stressors

exogenous

the quality of an indicator that makes it seem a reasonable measure of some variable. That the frequency of church attendance is some indication of a person's religiosity seems to make sense without a lot of explanation.

face validity

falsifies physical or psychological signs or symptoms.

facitious disorder

whether the number of constructs and the items that make up those constructs on a measurement scale are what the researcher intends.

factorial validity

whatever is required by law in that jurisdiction

for how long should you keep a client;s reccords?

interest in opposite sex.

genital

a sense of belonging and acceptance

group cohesiveness

sensory experience. separate from thoughts, feelings, obsessions. experienced as if real.

hallucination

5-9 months interested in the outside world

hatching

a qualitative research approach in which the researcher mentally tries to take on the circumstances, views, and feelings of those being studied in order to interpret their actions appropriately; applying through text (particularly religious)

hermeneutics

social worker can clarify each family members statement

how can a social worker BEST enhance family's members ability to understand each member?

medication to induce sleep

hypnotic

a tentative and testable prediction about how changes in one thing are expected to explain and be accompanied by changes in something else. A statement of something that ought to be observed in the real world if a theory is correct.

hypothesis

characteristic of one individual; limited to one person

idiosyncratic

broadly found; involving all or almost all things

pervasive

(1) problem formulation (2) designing the study (logical argument) (3) data collection (4) data processing (get data together) (5) data analysis (6) interpret the findings (7) writing research report

phases of the research process

a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases in value as the other variable also increases (or one decreases as the other decreases) For example: rate of unemployment and extent of homelessness.

positive relationship

9-16 months EMMA sees him or herself as one with their mother

practicing

ordinary memory, not in conscious that can be readily brought to conscious

preconcious

before onset of illness

premorbid

prevent a problem before its initial onset.

primary prevention

Projection - Attributing a painful impulse or idea to external world; taking our own unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people. (e.g. If you have a strong dislike for someone, you might instead believe that he or she does not like you.) Displacement - Defense mechanism in which individual deals w/emotional conflict or internal or external stressors by transferring a feeling about/response to one object onto another substitute object. (e.g. Kicking the cat instead of standing up to the boss.)

projection vs displacement

to provide the practical knowledge that social workers need to solve the problems they confront.

purposes of research

research methods that emphasize depth of understanding and the deeper meanings of human experience, and that aim to generate theoretically richer, albeit more tentative, observations. Commonly used qualitative methods include participation observation,direct observation, and unstructured or intensive interviewing.

qualitative methods

research methods that emphasize precise, objective, and generalizable findings

quantitative methods

a measurement error that has no consistent pattern of effects and that reduced the reliability pf measurement. For example: asking questions that respondents do not understand will yield inconsistent answers.

random error

to discover new ways to get our needs met so that we are able to get along with important people in our lives.

reality

Disturbances in orientation and thinking are suggestive of a compromise in _____________.

reality testing

"fake science" -making extreme claims about its wonders, overgeneralize regarding whom it benefits, concoct unusual, speculative explanations for its effectiveness, concoct pretentious jargon for aspects of their intervention that sounds scientific but really is not, react to disconfirming evidence by ignoring it and citing only those sources that support their intervention or explaining it through ex post facto hypothesizing, pursue a premature closure of inquiry by pressuring their minions to refrain from subjecting their claims to rigorous, unbiased, research.

recognizing pseudoscience

the quality of a measurement method that suggests that the same data would have been collected each time in repeated observations of the same phenomenon. In the context of a survey , we would expect the question: "Did you attend church last week?" would have higher reliability then the question, "About how many times have you attended church in your life" this is not to be confused with validity.

reliability

unethical, and with social research, needs to be justified by compelling scientific or administrative concerns. Even then the justification will be arguable and your IRB may not buy your justification.

research with deception

treat symptoms- to prevent recurrence or exacerbation of an already diagnosed problem or disorder

secondary prevention

5months-24 months infant realizes they are sepearate

seperation individuation phase

erotic pleasure with pain

sexual masochism

inflicting pain on others

sexual sadism

SW should have control over environment i.e. Inpatient facility

single system design

An infant manifests a fear of strangers at _____. 1) three months 2) six months 3) one year 4) 1.5 years

six months --At 6 months, an infant is thought to have capacity for awareness of his/her separateness from caregiving adults.

a source of systematic measurement error involving the tendency of people to say or do things that will make them of their reference group look good.

social desirability bias

refers to the body or human biology

somatic

expore process of involuntary commitment

someone is being discharged form trhe hospital after a suicide attempt; the SW wasnt able to get anyting out of him when discussing matter with him, except that he said "I just need to get home." what shoudl the social worker do next?

medication which produces unpleasant side effects if client drinks alcohol, aversion therapy

Antabuse

medication which produces unpleasant side effects if client drinks alcohol, example of aversion therapy.

Antabuse

11-up: thinks and reasons logically about abstracts and tests hypothesis systematically, concerned with hypothetical, future, idealogy - Piaget

4. Formal Operational

Substance Abuse

Antabuse, ReVia & Trexan are?

when first child leaves home, refocus marriage, develop adult relationships- Family live cycles

4. Launching Adult Children

Can be caused mainly by Tricyclic drugs, Antipsychotics. Block acetylcholine receptors. Dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation, urinary retention.

Anticholinergic Side Effects

Tricyclic Antidepressants (generally end in '-mine' or '-ine'); MAOI Inhibitors; SSRIs; SNRIs; Misc/Others.

Antidepressant Drugs

repressed urge is expressed disguised as disturbance of body functioning usually sensory or voluntary

Conversion

activites/processes used to evaluate input e.g. instrument panel, grades on exams - General systems theory

Control or cybernation

Intellectual Disability Communications Disorders Language Disorder Speech Sound Disorder Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Unspecified Communication Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Specific Learning Disorder Motor Disorders

*Neurodevelopment Disorders

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Body Dysmorphic Disorder Hoarding Disorder Trichotillomania Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder

*Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Schizotypal (Personality Disorder) Delusional Disorder Brief Psychotic Disorder Schizophreniform Disorder Schizophrenia Schizoaffective Disorder

*Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

tricyclics --Not commonly used now due to cardiac monitoring issues.

Antidepressants such as Tofranil and Elavil are part of a group of medications known as ________________.

Tricyclic Antidepressents, most common are tofranil, elavil,

Antidepressent Drugs

c. coordinating resources

Case management is used for the purpose of: a. improving overall client functioning b. providing client support c. coordinating resources d. gaining access to resources

sharing feelings and experiences to relieve pan, guilt or stress (group therapy)

Catharsis

systems must adapt to survive changing environment - General systems theory

Change and adapatabiliuty

provides that no person in US shall be subject to discrimination

.TItle VI of Civil Rights Act

Community level Eco-Systems intervention

1. Educating community members 2. Locating & utilizing community resources 3. Influencing organizations to respond to the problem by developing policies 4. Politically motivating the local, state and/or Federal Gov't to enact legislation are the goals of?

Attitudes toward him/herself, adaptive operations, perception of reality.

1. In determining the appropriateness of a client for a therapy group the most important single factor is A) Major events in the life history of the client. B) Social relationships with the family. C) Physical or intellectual strengths. D) Attitudes toward him/herself, adaptive operations, perception of reality.

birth-when young adult separates. - Family live cycles

1. Independence

1) Engagement 2) Assessment 3) Intervention 4) Evaluation

4 Step Process of Case Managers

birth-2 yrs: self from objects, self as agent of action, object permanence, spacial abilities - Piaget

1. Sensorimotor

Presenting problem

10. He's having trouble adjusting to his wife's death, his work responsibilities, and caring for his daughters. These are viewed as the A) Dynamics B) Presenting problem C) Diagnosis D) Treatment Modality E) Values and Ethics

1) Social Insurance=pay-in, helps prevent poverty 2) Public Assistance=Alleviate Poverty, receive it once below poverty level.

2 Categories for Social Welfare Programs

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2) Cope with series of isssues related to ending

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2) modify or influence policies or practice that adversly affect groups

intimate life partner, commitment, compromise, trust- Family live cycles

2. Coupling & Marriage

2-7 yrs: Language, objects by images and words, lacks ability to take other's viewpoint, classifies object by single features - Piaget

2. Pre Operational

That family substance abuse is a major factor in becoming a substance abuser and that Willard will need special help to avoid following in the family path.

2. Willard, age 13, comes from a family well known in the community for its members' involvement with drugs and alcohol. Willard's two brothers and his mother, though employed in marginal jobs have serious drug and alcohol problems. His father died from cirrhosis of the liver associated with massive alcohol abuse. Willard is in school, seems well cared for, and has been doing well, but he has recently started to cut classes. In planning a social work intervention with Willard, the social worker will need to consider A) How to help Willard's mother encourage him to continue to work hard. B) How to intervene with the entire family to help them manage their substance problems. C) That family substance abuse is a major factor in becoming a substance abuser and that Willard will need special help to avoid following in the family path. D) That an abuse report should be filed.

Id, ego and superego

3 components of personality in psychoanalytic theory

1) Action Research - eval is most often done by the individuals directly affected by the issue being studied 2) Cluster Evaluations - of multp interests at one time 3) Self-Evaluations - is where the prog staff conducts the eval.

3 types of Participatory Program Evaluations are?

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3) Subsequent steps the client may take relevant to new problems

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3) promoto legislation or policies tha will result in the provision of services

7-14 yrs: reasoning correctly about things/events, conservation of numbers, mass and weight, classifies objects my multiple features/and along a singular dimension - Piaget

3. Concrete Operational

Determine the frequency and duration of symptoms

3. During a first interview, a young married woman, who has recently given birth to her first child, complains of loss of appetite and inability to sleep. She seems somewhat disheveled and disorganized, displays a mournful demeanor, and says she feels unmotivated and overworked. The social worker's first activity would be to: A) Assess the suicidal risk B) Determine the frequency and duration symptoms C) Record a thorough history D) Provide reassurance now that the client has sought treatment

infancy-adolescence-birth of baby changes roll of both parents- Family live cycles

3. Parenting

A - inappropriate affect A - loosening of associations A - autistic thoughts A - ambivalence

4 A's of Schizophrenia

The treatment circumstances of each member varies and influences both attendance and level of participation.

6. Social workers who work with cancer patient support groups use flexible contracts because A) The treatment circumstances of each member vary and influence both attendance and level of participation. B) Clearly established agreements raise issues of authority and control which interfere with a support group's autonomy. C) Support groups are not effective when contracting is defined and shaped by sponsoring agencies. D) Contracts that are flexible make it possible to compose groups of patients with a wider diversity of issues which strengthen mutual aid prosperities in the group.

b. Establish rapport

65. What do you do first in a clinical interview with a client? a. Present your qualifications b. Establish rapport c. Complete an intake d. Identify treatment goals

Reassure the parents that Marie's performance problems in school can be helped

7. The school social worker initiates an interview with Marie's family because of her poor grades. Now in fourth grade, Marie seems motivated and presents no behavioral problems. She lives in an intact, working-class family; the discussion with Marie's father makes it clear that he feels humiliated about her academic problems. During the interview, the mother says little. When she speaks, the father interrupts her. How should the worker first proceed? A) Make a report to the child protective services B) Note that Marie's performance problems are a reflection of the school's failure C) Reassure the parents that Marie's performance problems in school can be helped through cooperative effort by both the school and the family D) Refer the family for family treatment and parenting workshops

1. Illusion of invulnerability- excessive optimism that encourages taking extreme risks 2. Collective rationalization - members discount warnings and do not reconsider assumptions 3. Belief in inherent morality - believes in the rightness of their cause despite ethic and moral consequences 4. Stereotype views of those "on the out" 5. Direct pressure on dissenters - members are under pressure not to express arguments against any of the group's views 6. Self-censorship- doubts and deviations from the perceived group consensus are not expressed 7. Illusion of unanimity- the majority view and judgments are assumed to be unanimous 8. Self-appointed "mind guards"- members protect the group from differing outside opinions

8 causes of groupthink

Obtain information about the presenting problem

8. In a beginning interview with a client, the purpose of asking questions is to: A) Probe the client's unconscious feelings B) Obtain information about the presenting problem C) Direct and focus the client's conversation on their personal and family history D) Find out if the client really wants help

Autoplastic

Changing one's own behavior or self in order to adapt is called?

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

A "one down position" group therapist avoids the role of "expert".

a. a delusion

A 15 year old high school student believes he is a policeman. This illustrates which of the following: a. a delusion b. a hallucination c. grandiosity d. metacognition

a. get her medical treatment

A 28 year old female has been raped. When she calls you, she is crying and having difficulty breathing. The most important thing to do first is: a. get her medical treatment b. give her phone numbers of shelters c. have her call the police d. call the police yourself, but get her permission to do so

a. normalize his behavior

A 5 year old boy is watching his 18 month old sister have her diapers changed and becomes aggressive. The mother is concerned. What would your intervention be? a. normalize his behavior b. get the family in treatment c. get the 5 year old in treatment d. start treatment with the mother

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A 70 year old woman has been calling her children by other names and forgetting her where her keys are. The children are concerned about her and bring her to you for an assessment. Based on this limited information, you suspect she is suffering from: a. Dementia b. This is normal age-related cognitive decline c. Substance abuse d. Malnutrition

b. refer for in-home care services that will deliver groceries and take care of their daily needs

A 70 year old woman lives with her 82 year old sister. They are having difficulty taking care of their basic needs. They have no support or help with shopping, chores, or self-care. What would you do? a. refer for in-home nursing services b. refer for in-home care services that will deliver groceries and take care of their daily needs c. refer to local church groups d. refer to hospice care

c. take a history of drug use

A Latino male who is a recent immigrant to the US is referred to you by his sister due to his recent use of drugs. Do you: a. ask for a urine analysis b. explore immigration problems c. take a history of drug use d. refer for inpatient treatment

b. refer to a tribal healer

A Native American girl has been having frequent nightmares about her deceased father. You would: a. refer to a therapist b. refer to a tribal healer c. refer to a psychiatrist for medication d. refer to a doctor

Sociogram

A _________ chart or diagram often used to graphically depict the relationship between group members.

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

A basic process in establishing a collaborative team is defining each member's area of expertise.

c. Help the boy accept his disability

A boy is in a wheelchair. His peers at school have been making fun of him. What would be the best intervention for a social worker to make? a. Inform his teachers b. Talk to the student body c. Help the boy accept his disability d. Talk to his parents

a. ADHD

A child is engaging in risk-taking behavior and is disruptive with his parents and peers. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. ADHD b. Conduct disorder c. Antisocial personality disorder d. Depression

b. assess the home and school environments

A child is experiencing separation anxiety during the school day. What should you do? a. refer to a child psychiatrist b. assess the home and school environments c. refer to medical doctor d. recommend Ritalin

latency stage --The latency stage is characterized by the sublimation of the oedipal stage; a necessary precursor to the development of the superego.

A clear delineation of the superego as a psychic structure occurs during the ________ stage.

b. Ask the client if she has a problem with her scheduled time and explain that, if she does, you can offer a different appointment time

A client begins arriving late for her meetings with you. At the end of one meeting, she asks if she can stay longer so she can have a full hour with you. Your best response is to: a. Extend the session, but tell her it's an exception b. Ask the client if she has a problem with her scheduled time and explain that, if she does, you can offer a different appointment time c. Tell the client she has an obligation to arrive on time d. Refuse to extend the session

b. sit with him quietly until he is ready to speak

A client begins to cry during an initial meeting. Your best action is to: a. reassure him that he will feel better b. sit with him quietly until he is ready to speak c. ask open-ended questions to find out why he is crying d. ask him to stop crying

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A client diagnosed with Bulimia is likely to display all of the following symptoms except: a. Shame and guilt b. Binging and purging c. Diuretic use d. Concern about being overweight even though she is well below normal body weight

d. supportive group

A client diagnosed with schizophrenia has been released from an inpatient unit and is being followed at a community mental health agency. The client is stable enough to participate in a group. What type of group is the social worker likely to recommend? a. short term crisis oriented group b. activity group c. behavioral group d. supportive group

d. I guess you're hurt and angry about not getting the job

A client expresses her disappointment at not being called back after a job interview and vents her anger at the job interviewer. She informs her social worker of this exchange. The social worker's best response is: a. You have to be patient in a job search b. I can see that you're upset about this c. I wonder how you feel about this d. I guess you're hurt and angry about not getting the job

a. stabilize on meds

A client has been voluntarily admitted to a psychiatric hospital. He is psychotic, HIV+, and suffers from alcohol abuse. His parents want nothing to do with him. What would you do first? a. stabilize on meds b. start treatment for alcohol abuse c. perform blood tests to determine T-cell count and viral load d. call the family

c. he will experience performance problems at school and work due to his inability to finish tasks on time

A client is diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder. It is likely that : a. his personal life will not be affected b. he will be excessively studious c. he will experience performance problems at school and work due to his inability to finish tasks on time d. he will not have low self esteem

b. less of the same behavior

A client is displaying extinction of a particular operant behavior. What do you expect? a. more of the same behavior b. less of the same behavior c. an increase in other types of behavior d. no change in behavior

d. To maintain confidentiality

A client is in the hospital and an attorney calls requesting his records. What are your ethical obligations? a. To turn over the records b. To claim privilege c. To ask the client to sign a release form d. To maintain confidentiality

b. provide a thorough explanation of the limits of confidentiality

A client is interviewed by a social worker, but has reservations about discussing sensitive issues at the intake interview. In explaining confidentiality, the worker would: a. provide information about the limits of confidentiality as the need arises b. provide a thorough explanation of the limits of confidentiality c. do nothing until specific questions are raised by the client d. provide information initially regarding the limits of confidentiality only as it relates to the worker-client relationship

b. take a history of substance abuse

A client is referred to you because of substance abuse. Your first step is to: a. refer to AA b. take a history of substance abuse c. do urine screen d. talk to the client's spouse

d. begin individual counseling

A client is referred to you due to ongoing depression. Your best intervention is: a. refer to a doctor for medication b. refer to a psychiatrist for medication c. refer to support groups d. begin individual counseling

d. Provide supportive therapy

A client is told by her doctor that she has breast cancer. She is distraught and says she doesn't know what to do. She has 6 children. Which of the following would you do? a. Refer her to a support group b. Refer her for further medical tests c. Encourage her to make provisions for her children d. Provide supportive therapy

c. establish a no-suicide contract

A client tells his social worker that he has thought about committing suicide because he is failing out of law school. He is lucid, has no plan, and says he has good family support. He adds that he feels like he needs help. The social worker should first: a. have him hospitalized b. call the man's parents c. establish a no-suicide contract d. reassure him that his depression will decrease if he can accept that everyone fails sometimes

a. redefine the treatment goals

A court-ordered client who has engaged in antisocial activities has not been making any progress. You would: a. redefine the treatment goals b. remind the client of the court order c. refer to the probation officer d. terminate the client

Culture & Communication

A culturally competent SW should understand & be cognizant of their own ____ & the impact of their _____ style when working minority populations.

Culture & Communication

A culturally competent SW should understand & be cognizant of their own _____ & the impact of their _____style when working with minority populations.

Test Statistic (TS)

A decision factor computed from sample data that decides whether to accept the null Hypothesis or reject it in favor of the research hypothesis is known as?

b. review and prioritize the family's problems

A family has just relocated from a homeless shelter to permanent housing. The mother is in recovery from alcohol abuse. The father has been violent with the mother and is unemployed. The 8 year old changed schools 6 times in the past year. The family's records describe the family's problems and note the "contract" to which the parents have agreed and the services that will be provided. The social worker in the permanent housing program's first task is to: a. assure that the mother continues in an AA program b. review and prioritize the family's problems and reinforce the family's commitment to addressing them c. help the father find a job d. accompany the parents to school with the child

d. suggest that he has the right to be fearful and should probably call the police

A fearful client in a mental health agency is repeatedly asked for money by his drug dependent son. Recently, the son has threatened violence and calls the father at all hours. How should the social worker advise the father? a. suggest he disconnect his phone b. ask the client to tell the son to come to the agency and discuss his problems with the social worker c. do nothing as it is likely that the behavior will stop on its own d. suggest that he has the right to be fearful and should probably call the police

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A female African American senior citizen has been coming in to your agency daily asking for support. She seems depressed and is recently retired from a job that she held for 40 year. She currently attends a senior citizen center where she eats one full meal a day. She is fairly involved in her church. What would you suspect as this client's presenting problem? a. Malnutrition b. Substance abuse c. Identity disturbance d. Adjustment due to recent role changes

b. generalized anxiety disorder

A female client is having difficulty eating and sleeping. She cannot complete her work because she is plagued by constant worrying. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. bipolar disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. major depressive disorder d. adjustment disorder

a. explain your policy

A gay client shakes your hand at the end of a session. As a rule, you never shake hands with your clients. In the next session, the client accuses you of being homophobic because you hesitated in shaking his hand. You should: a. explain your policy b. ask the client whey he thinks you are homophobic c. tell the client you are not homophobic d. suggest to the client that he has taken your behavior too personally

a. focusing on the hierarchy of client needs and the way they interact with the client's problems

A generalist social worker is most concerned about: a. focusing on the hierarchy of client needs and the way they interact with the client's problems b. her/his relationship with the client c. the client's emotional well-being d. the way a person's spirit is connected to the client's physical well-being

c. find out what the couple has tried thus far to address the problem

A healthy couple has been referred to you because the woman is unable to have orgasms. The doctor that referred them states there are no obvious medical problems. You would first: a. explain female anatomy b. begin exploring the couple's relationship c. find out what the couple has tried thus far to address the problem d. do a genogram to explore family of origin issues

c. the Code of Ethics

A hospital social worker receives definitive information that a social work colleague is engaged in a sexual relationship with a client. In deciding what to do, the social worker must first consider: a. the impact on the client b. the impact on the profession c. the Code of Ethics d. the views of the supervisor and administration

c. Explore why she wants a lesbian therapist

A lesbian client says she wants a lesbian social worker. You should: a. Tell her you are a lesbian, if you are b. Refer her to a lesbian therapist c. Explore why she wants a lesbian therapist d. Reassure her that you can be helpful to her regardless of whether or not you are gay

c. extend the discharge date

A male client diagnosed with Bipolar and Alcohol Dependence is scheduled to be discharged from a facility. The man tells his social worker that he is going to start drinking again and stop taking his meds. The social worker should: a. involuntarily hospitalize the man b. involuntarily medicate the man c. extend the discharge date d. call someone who can take the man to AA meetings

d. Introjection

A man dies and, after hearing of this, a relative living in another state experiences chest pains. Which of the following describes this reaction: a. Projection b. Reaction formation c. Sublimation d. Introjection

c. refer to an alcohol treatment center

A man in the army is referred to a social worker for alcohol abuse. He and his wife have been having many arguments about his drinking, which have escalated into physical abuse. What you consider for an intervention? a. assess for alcohol abuse and continue therapy b. refer to a marriage/family therapist c. refer to an alcohol treatment center d. refer to domestic violence classes

Statistical Significance (defined as a p-value)

A measure of a strong relationship between the target (Dependent) & intervention (Independent) variables as determined by running a TS & where the Ho is rejected is known as?

Measure of Variability (MofV)

A measure of change for a given variable compared to other variables is known as (e.g., up/down)

c. Inform the client of his legal options

A new client tells you that his last social worker made sexual advances toward him. Your best response is to: a. Tell him this is not typical behavior for a social worker b.Tell him you will report the other social worker to the state board c. Inform the client of his legal options d.Tell him that he can talk freely to you about what happened and that no one else will ever hear about it

a. ask how your being a female might affect the relationship

A newly referred adult male does not trust women. You are a female social worker. What would you do? a. ask how your being a female might affect the relationship b. talk about the problems that the client has with women c. suggest a referral to a male social worker d. discuss the client's relationships with other female social workers

Isolation of affect

A splitting of ideas from the feelings originally associated with them. The idea that remains in the consciousness is therefore deprived of its motivational force so that action is thwarted & guilt is avoided.

b. insight oriented therapy

A patient with dysthymic disorder is likely to benefit from: a. environmental change b. insight oriented therapy c. a drug treatment group d. a change of diet

Does not have the right to confidentiality

A person who removes themeslves from hospital

a. world view

A psychological, cultural and political orientation to life that both determines and influences how people think, behave, make decisions and understand phenomena is usually called a: a. world view b. culture c. personal opinion d. perception

b. provide concrete support and detailed help in areas that require improvement

A recent social work graduate displays excellent relationship skills and a strong commitment to clients. The worker knows she has difficulty in translating her insights and goals into specific treatment plans. The worker might ask the supervisor to: a. point out problems and correct her when she loses sight of the goals b. provide concrete support and detailed help in areas that require improvement c. pair her with a more experienced worker d. provide written guidelines on good practice

a. statistical significance

A researcher identifies a .05 difference between boys and girls in aggression. This indicates: a. statistical significance b. no statistical significance c. statistical regression d. an inverse relationship

Systematic Sampling

A sampling design based on systematically selecting a sample at random, such as picking every 10th item or subject from the overall population is known as?

Professional Ethics & Values

A suspicion of elder abuse is enough to warrant making a report.

Hypothesis

A theory that asserts a relationship exists between two variables is know as?

Alloplastic

Changing the environment in order to adapt is called?

a. acknowledge the right to refuse medication and treatment and seek to maintain a relationship with the client

A schizophrenic client takes prescribed medications intermittently. After an argument, his partner kicks him out of their apartment and asks the social worker to hospitalize him because his condition is deteriorating. The client sometimes experiences hallucinations, but says he wants to try to live on his own. He refuses hospitalization and says he plans to stop taking his meds. What is the best course of action: a. acknowledge the right to refuse medication and treatment and seek to maintain a relationship with the client b. seek an involuntary commitment c. continue to insist that the client take the medication and note that previous episodes of not taking meds have led to hospitalization d. suggest that his partner care for him for a short period until he is more stable

a. respite services

A single mother with 3 children is unemployed, has no support or family who live in the area, no services for the children, and no resources for herself. The mother states she would like a support network. What type of services would you provide for her? a. respite services b. referral to unemployment c. referral to a support group d. referral to parenting classes

a. Report the intern to the licensure board

A social work intern admits to his supervisor that he had sex with a client. The supervisor should: a. Report the intern to the licensure board b. Explain to the intern that sex with a client is inappropriate and take the intern off the case c. Consult with the client before taking any further action in order to determine whether the client consented to the sex d. None of the above

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A social worker becomes angry with a client during an initial interview. This social worker should: a. Focus on the positive characteristics of the client b. Focus on the internal sources of this anger c. Express these feelings to the client d. Refer this client to another social worker

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A social worker is assessing an 8 year old boy referred by his school for behavior problems. The boy is inattentive, has difficulty with reading and math and is easily distracted. He rarely follows instructions and does not finish his assignments. The social worker should first consider that the child may be: a. Mentally retarded b. Emotionally disturbed c. Hyperactive d. Learning disabled

b. outcome model

A social worker is interested in evaluating his clients' perceptions of a treatment program. This type of evaluation is referred to as: a. quality assurance b. outcome model c. cost analysis d. systems analysis

b. schedule a case consultation

A social worker is making little progress with a client after 4 weeks of treatment. What might the social worker do? a. refer the client to another social worker b. schedule a case consultation c. continue with treatment, it's too early for progress to occur d. confront the client about their lack of motivation

b. That the social worker consult with her supervisor regarding her discomfort with this client

A social worker is uncomfortable with a gay client. The client wants to continue working with this social worker. You would recommend: a. Referral to another social worker b. That the social worker consult with her supervisor regarding her discomfort with this client c. Therapy for the social worker d. Terminating the client

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

A social worker must first understand the reason for a client's request for a change in therapist.

a. when she believes the client is ready

A social worker reveals insight to a client: a. when she believes the client is ready b. when the client thinks he is ready c. during the termination process as a summary of what the client has learned d. before dealing with a new issue

c. the teen's behavior is functioning to keep the system in line

A social worker sees and teen boy and his parents. The son has been displaying serious conduct problems. He is the identified patient. Which of the following is most likely to be true? a. the homeostatic balance of the family has been disrupted b. there is too much power in the executive subsystem c. the teen's behavior is functioning to keep the system in line d. the boy is going through normal developmental phases

d. Are not free from disclosure all the time, regardless of the wishes of the client or the social worker

A social worker should be aware that client records: a. Are protected by law and cannot be disclosed without the client's consent b. Are the property of the social worker and cannot be disclosed without his or her consent c. Are the joint property of the client and social worker and cannot be disclosed without the consent of both d. Are not free from disclosure all the time, regardless of the wishes of the client or the social worker

c. There must be a supervisor in the session with the soial worker while she is meeting with clients

A social worker who has very little experience is required to have "live supervision" when she sees clients. This means that: a. There must be a supervisor on-call to deal with emergencies b. There must be one hour per week of supervision for the social worker c. There must be a supervisor in the session with the social worker while she is meeting with clients d. There must be access to a supervisor at all times

d. resistance

A social worker who imposes his judgments on clients is most likely to elicit: a. acquiescence b. cooperation c. appreciation d. resistance

a. Speak to the social worker

A social worker who recently began working at a community agency is inadvertently violating one of the agency's policies. The supervisor should a. Speak to the social worker b. Give the social worker a written evaluation c. Discuss the matter with the social worker's clients who have been affected d. Fire the social worker

a. denial, rationalization, projection

A social worker works with a clientele with varied substance and chemical dependencies and decides to establish a new group focused on drug and alcohol rehabilitation. In the first stages of the group, the worker might expect: a. denial, rationalization, projection b. low self worth, acceptance, projection c. surrender, delusions, rationalization d. denial, rationalization, compliance

Variables are that are held constant so as not to impact a change in the dependent variable

Control variable

Treatment Plan

A tool used by SW's to assist in the development of client goals & monitoring of progress is?

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

A way to empower clients and create a sense of hope is to ask questions to identify client strengths and successes.

d. find a room so that the wife can have privacy to deal with her feelings

A woman brings her husband to a busy emergency room because he is not feeling well. He dies while there. What should the social worker do? a. counsel the wife on grief and loss b. tell the wife that dying is part of life c. explain to the wife the stages of grief and loss d. find a room so that the wife can have privacy to deal with her feelings

d. Discuss with the mother that this is often normal behavior when a new sibling is born

A woman comes in to your agency upset about her 4 year old son who is wetting the bed and having temper tantrums. A new sibling has just been born. What is your first intervention? a. Do individual counseling with the child b. Tell the mother she needs support and recommend that she place the 4 year old in daycare c. Set up a behavior program for the bed wetting and temper tantrums d. Discuss with the mother that this is often normal behavior when a new sibling is born

a. the honeymoon period

A woman has been physically abuse several times by her live-in boyfriend. For the last 3 days, he has been buying her expensive clothes. This period is referred to as: a. the honeymoon period b. the intervention period c. the safety zone d. the tension reduction period

c. It seems like part of you wants to move and another part feels scared and wants to stay with people you know

A worker has reached an agreement with an elderly woman on public assistance to move to an assisted living facility. The client talks about her fears of moving to a place where she won't know anyone. The worker's best response is: a. Don't worry, you'll make new friends b. I guess you'd rather stay where you are c. It seems like part of you wants to move and another part feels scared and wants to stay with people you know d. Most older people feel just like you, but then feel better after they move

A precipitating stress

A young father of 2 girls comes to a mental health clinic shortly after the death of his wife. He complains that he is usually energetic and optimistic, but since his wife's death he feels depressed and unmotivated. Now he is having problems at work, completing his job tasks. He is a single father with all child rearing activities that are taking up a lot of his time. 9. The wife's death is viewed as: A) The presenting problem B) A precipitating stress C) A tragedy D) Irrelevant to his functioning

Harsh superego and a consolidation of ego defenses; increased ego development; thinking in absolutes (black/white)

Characteristics of latency stage

-failure to remain attentive in various situations, esp in the home and school -thought to be biological -cx requires symptoms to occur in at least 2 different settings or situations -symptoms can increase under stressful conditions, decrease under novel ones

ADHD

1. inattention (6+) - careless mistakes, overlooks details - difficulty sustaining attention - seems to not listen - does not follow trough on instructions - difficulty organizing - avoids tasks that require sustained mental effort - often loses things - forgetful 2. hyperactivity/impulsivity (6+) - fidgets - often leaves seat - run/climbs when inappropriate - cannot do leisure activities quietly - "on the go" constantly - talks excessively - difficulty waiting - interrupts/intrudes

ADHD

Adderall (Amphetamine)

ADHD

Dexedrine (Dextroamphetamine)

ADHD

Ritalin/Concerta (Methylphenidate)

ADHD

impaired levels of -inattention -disorganization -hyperactivity/impulsivity

ADHD

-Test of statistical significance when >2 groups.

ANOVA Test

Grief Counseling

Another short term therapy similar to Crisis Intervention focuses on coping with significant loss is known as?

A. At least 2 of these over a 12th month period 1. Alcohol taken in larger quantities over a longer period of time than was intended. 2. Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to control or cut down alcohol use. 3. Great deal of time in activities for gaining and recovering from alcohol 4. craving 5. failure to fulfill home, work or school obligations 6. persistent use even after social or interpersonal challenges 7. alcohol use in hazardous situations 8. tolerance 9. withdrawal

Alcohol Use Disorder

Autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., sweating or pulse rate greater than 100 bpm). Increased hand tremor. Insomnia. Nausea or vomiting. Transient visual, tactile, or auditory hallucinations or illusions. Psychomotor agitation. Anxiety. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures

Alcohol Withdrawal

DT's (Delirium Tremens) - Increased pulse, respitory rate, or temperature, eye and hand movement Treatment - Goal to treat immediate withdrawal symptons and then to begin long-term preventive treatment, may involve monitoring and possibly drugs such as Benzoiazepine

Alcohol Withdrawal

Developed holistic theory of personality development: behavior motivated by desire for perfection/success. -3 elements: Inferiority (eg inf complex); Lifestyle (determined by early factors - birth ordered, loved as child); Social Interest: Healthy individuals have broad social concern; those who feel inferior just want to feel better than others. -Goal: more adaptive lifestyle- overcome inferiority, strive to help others.

Alfred Adler

Individual psychology --Major tenet is notion that ALL psychopathology involves an inferiority complex. --Psychopathology is the product of a misguided life style rather than fixation or regressions.

Alfred Adler

developed holistic theory of personality development, individuals strive or motive behind all behavior known as stirving for perfection

Alfred Adler

fear of pain

Algophobia

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Allow client time to grieve before adjusting to other transitions or requesting psychiatric evaluations.

clingy, doesn't explore on their own, anxious & agitated upon separation, shys away or angry upon reunification, resists soothing - Strange Situation

Ambivilent

a. Refuse

An attorney calls to request a client's case file. What is your best initial response? a. Refuse b. Ask the client to sign a release of information c. Call the attorney to discuss the case d. Release the case file to the attorney

a. a neurologist

An autistic boy has been rocking his body and flicking his fingers more often than he used to. You would refer this boy to: a. a neurologist b. a psychiatrist c. a speech therapist d. a social worker

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

An effective approach to support growth is to allow the group to assume control of their group and make as many decisions regarding the direction and goals as possible.

b. the parents will set up a behavioral modification program and enforce it consistently

An effective intervention for hyperactive children would include which of the following: a. the child will decide on rewards for completing tasks b. the parents will set up a behavioral modification program and enforce it consistently c. both the parents and child will determine appropriate punishments d. the parents will set up a behavioral modification program and be flexible in its enforcement

six months --At 6 months, an infant is thought to have capacity for awareness of his/her separateness from caregiving adults.

An infant manifests a fear of strangers at _____. 1) three months 2) six months 3) one year 4) 1.5 years

(Rene Spitz) Severe prolonged depression (grief reaction) in infants following a loss or separation from someone whom child is dependent (mother).

Anaclitic depression

Controlling of bowels

Anal

Defense Mechanisms; unconscious process; ego attempts to expel from consciousness those sexual & aggressive impulses that are anxiety evoking. Defenses are an indication of disturbance when cost outweighs their protective value.

Anna Freud

A. Restrictive eating leading to weight that is less than minimally normal for that persons age, height, and gender. B. Intense fear or gaining weight or becoming fat or behavior that interferes with weight gain C. Disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is perceived and lack of recognition of the seriousness of low body weight

Anorexia Nervosa

Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body weight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health. Significantly low weight is defined as a weight that is less than minimally normal or, for children and adolescents, less than that minimally expected.

Anorexia Nervosa

A- pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity impulsivity that interferes with funct. or dev. by 1 and/or 2 1. inattention: 6 or more of the following symptoms for at least 6 months a- fails to give close attention to detail, makes careless mistakes b- difficulty attending during tasks c- does not seam to listen to spoken directions d- does not follow through on instructions failst o finish tasks e- difficulty organizing tasks and activities (messy, misses deadlines) f- avoids or dislikes reengaging in tasks that require mental effort g- loses things necessary for tasks or activities (books, pencils, wallets) h- easily distracted by extraneous stimuli i - often forgetful in daily activities 2. hyperactivity and impulsivity: 6 or more for at least 6 months a- often fidgets and taps hands and feet/ squirms b- leaves seat c- runs or climbs when inappropriate d- unable to engage in leisure activity e- often "on the go" f- talks excessively g- often blurts out answer before question is done h- difficulty waiting for turn i- interrupts or intrudes on others B- symptoms were present before age of 12 C- present in 2 or more settings D- interfere or reduce quality of social, academic, occup. functioning. E- symp. do not occur during schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder not better explaind by another mental disorder.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development: Inattention symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level ; Hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Mood reactivity, hypersonia, increase in appetite, feelings, of rejection, and or a heavy feeling in the arms or legs

Atypical Features

Complex develppmental disability that causes problems with social interaction and communication. Symptoms usually start before age 3 and can cause delays or problems in many different skills that develop from infancy to adulthood.

Autism

Pervasive developmental disorder, onset is during childhood, failure to develop typical relatedness, occurs 4x in males than females

Autism

Pervasive developmental disorder, onset is during childhood, failure to develop typical relatedness, occurs 4x more in males than females

Autism

-deficits in social commmunication and interaction -non verbal communicative behaviors -repetitive behaviors, interests or activities

Autism Spectrum

1. deficits in social communication and interaction 2. restricted repetative beh., interests, and 3. few to no friends 4. maintenance of sameness 5. stereotyped and ritualistic beh. 6. stimming

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A- social communication deficits in all of the following 1. deficits in social emotional reciprocity (back and forth communication, sharing interests, emotions or affect. failure to initiate or respond to social interaction 2. nonverbal communicative behaviors used for soc. inter. abnormalities in eye contact. can't understand in body language and facial expressions 3. deficit in devel, maintaining, and understanding relationships B- restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, behavior. at least 2 of the following 1. repetitive motor movements 2. insistense on sameness 3. abnormal fixation on interests 4. hypo or hyperactivity to sensory input C- onset is early dev. stage D- clinical significant impairment in social comm, occupation, E- not better explained by intel dis, or global dev. delay,

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by the following, currently or by history

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Margaret Mahler's sequential stages toward separation-individuation

Autism, symbiosis, differentiation, practicing, rapproachment, on the way to object constancy

Willpower/determination: develops sense of free will and control and regret/sorrow for inappropriate use of self control - Erikson

Autonomy v. Shame/Doubt

any treatment aimed at reducing the attractiveness of a stimulus or behavior by repeated pairing of it with an averse stimulation

Aversion Therapy

seems independent, doesn't check for mother, not affected upon separation - Strange Situation

Avoidant

- A pattern of social inhibition, feeling of inadequacy and hypersensity to negative evaluation - beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

1.social inhibition 2. feelings of inadequacy 3. hypersensative to negative eval. 4. unwilling to socialize unless certain people will approve 5. restrained in intimate relationships 6. views self as unappealing to others (social phobia is milder)

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Hypersensitive to rejection and are unwilling to become involved with others unless they are sure of being liked, avoidant of social or work that involves interpersonal contac

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Hypersensitive to rejection and are unwilling to become involved with others unless they are sure of being liked, avoidant of social or work that involves interpersonal contact

Avoidant Personality Disorder

An eating or feeding disturbance as manifested by persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and/or energy needs associated with one or more of the following: -Significant weight loss -"" nutritional deficiency -Dependence on enteral feeding or oral supplements -marked interference with psychological functioning

Avoidant/Restrictive Food intake disorder

includes clinical syndromes and v codes, may be more than one diagnosis, also includes developmental disorders

Axis I

includes clinical syndroms and v codes, may be more than oen diagnsosis, also includes developmental disorders

Axis I

Clinical disorders or major mental illnesses

Axis I lists?

Includes personality disorders and mental retardation, personality traits, and habitual use of a particular defense mechanism.

Axis II

Inlucdes personality disorders and mental retardation, personality traits, and habitual use of a particular defense mechanism

Axis II

- Mental Retardation - Developmental Disabilities - Personality Disorders

Axis II Lists?

Psychosocial Factors that affect diagnosis & treatment

Axis III lists?

Global Assessment of Functioning

Axis V Lists?

Operant Conditioning and Negative Reinforcement -Method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. -Association made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior; observable behavior. -Negative reinforcement strengthens behavior by stopping/removing an unpleasant experience.

B. F. Skinner

Environment & Reinforcement

B.F. Skinner believed Operant Conditioning explained changes in behavior were the result of changes in one's _____ & _____ by significant others.

homostasis that a system must have to survive- General systems theory

Balance

treat severe depression. --Barbiturates are a class of drugs which induce a hypnotic or sedative effect.

Barbiturates are never used to _____________.

Changing consequences of behavior. teach more effective ways of dealing with family.

Behavioral FT

Classical conditioning (Pavlov dogs) Unconditioned stimulant (Food) ----> Unconditioned response (Salivating) = US (Food) + Conditioned stimulus (Bell) --> Unconditioned Response (Salivating) CS (Bell) -------> Condition response (Salivation) = Not natural cause

Behavioral Paradigms (Pavlov Dogs)

Behavioral Modification

Behavioral, Respondent or Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, and Social Learning theory all share what kind of theoretical approach?

alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam, clonazepam

Benzodiazepines

A. Binge eating with lack of control 1. Eating more rapidly than normal 2. Eating until feeling uncomfortable 3. Eating large amounts without hunger 4. Eating alone b/c of embarrassment 5. Feeling depressed, disgusted, or guilty after B. Marked distress after binge C. Occurs 1+ weeks for every 3 months D. Not associated with compensatory beh.

Binge Eating Disorder

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain, e.g., self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, is known as?

Recurrent episodes of binge eating (lack of control over eating during the episode); Eating much more rapidly than normal. Eating until feeling uncomfortably full. Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry. Eating alone because of feeling embarrassed by how much one is eating. Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty afterward

Binge-Eating Disorder

-manic or mixed episodes that last seven days or by man episodes so severe that they need immediate hospital care -depressive episodes typically lasting 2 weeks -symptoms must be a major change from the person's normal behavior

Bipolar 1

- pattern of depressive episodes shifting back and forth with hypomanic episodes -not full-blown manic or mixed episodes

Bipolar 2

Mood disorder - extremes/mania Manic signs - euphoria; extreme optimism; inflated self-esteem; poor judgement; needs a couple hours of sleep; inability to concentrate Depression signs - sadness;anxiety;guilt; hopelessness; sleep/appetite disturbance;fatigue; and difficulty concentrating * 30 times more likely to commit suicicde (20-50% of persons with bi polar attempt suicicde)

Bipolar Disorder

More than 2 million adults have bipolar disorder, recurrent episoes of mania and depression is Bipolar 1, Rapid cycling is when 4 or more episodes occur within 12 months...Bipilar II involves milder episoes of hypomania that alternate with depression `

Bipolar Disorder Essential Facts

More than 2 million adults have bipolar disorder; Recurrent episodes of mania and depression is Bipolar 1; Rapid cycling is when 4 or more episodes occur within 12 months; Bipolar II involves milder episodes of hypomania that alternate with depression.

Bipolar Disorder Essential Facts

- Manic - distinct period (1 wk) of abnormal/persistent elevated, expansive, or irritable mood + abnormally increased goal-directed activity or energy - impaiment - Hypomanic - same as manic but duration of 4 days - less severe, no social impairment - Depressive

Bipolar I

Mania to depression (high of the high, lowest of the low) manic episode- elevated expansive mood at least 1 week most of the day every day. have to have 3 or more 1. inflated self-esteem 2. decreased need of sleep, 3. more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking 4. flight of ideas 5. distractibility 6. increase in goal directed activity 7. excessive involvement in activities having high potential for painful consequences *psychotic features

Bipolar I

Criteria have been met for at least one manic episode May be preceded by or followed by: Hypomanic episode Major depressive episode Manic Episode: persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day

Bipolar I Disorder

- Hypomanic - Depressive

Bipolar II

Client-centered Therapy (person-centered therapy) -Non-directive; emphasizes unconditional positive regard; acceptance & support for clients; genuineness.

Carl Rogers

hypomania (not as high as mania) w/ depressive episode. hypomanic- 4 consecutive days and three of these 1. inflated self-esteem 2. decreased need of sleep, 3. more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking 4. flight of ideas 5. distractibility 6. increase in goal directed activity 7. excessive involvement in activities having high potential for painful consequences * not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning.

Bipolar II

milder episodes of hypomania that alternate with depression, history of 1 + depressive episode and 1+ Hypomanic but no manic or mixed

Bipolar II

milder episodes of hypomania that alternate with depression, history of 1+ depressive episode and 1+ Hypomanic episode, but no manic or mixed episodes.

Bipolar II

Criteria have been met for at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode. Hypomanic Episode lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day Major Depressive Episode symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning

Bipolar II Disorder

Bipolar I - manic, hypo manic, depressive Bipolar II - hypo manic, depressive Cyclothymic - hypo manic symptoms (not full) depressive symptoms (not full) for at least 2 years (1 year in childhood) -not without symptoms for 2 months

Bipolar and related Disorders

Fam form 1 When two different families come together after parents get re-married, causes a lot of conflict because of "blending" effect.

Blended Families

-one or more perceived defects or flaws in their physical appearance, which they believe they look ugly, unattractive, abnormal or deformed

Body Dysmorphic

Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others

Body Dysmorphic

...

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Believes there is an attachment period in humans - Stranger Anxiety (strongest 6-8 months - fear of unfamiliar people - Separation Anxiety (strongets at 12 months) - fear of being left by a parent - Prolonged Anxiety

Bolwby

Fam Form 4 Children return to place of origin to live with parents. 60% of Boomerang Kids are male, most likely at the ages 18-24

Boomerang Kids

71 - 84

Borderline Intellectual Functioning is what IQ range?

Unstable in interpersonal relationship, behavior, mood and self image. Abrupt and extreme mood changes, stormy interpersonal relationships, fluctuating self imagine, self destructive actions

Borderline Personality

1. instability of interpersonal relationships and self-image 2. impulsivity 3. effort to avoid real or imagined abandonment 4. unstable and intense relationships 5. recurrent suicidal beh, or mutilation 6. reactive mood 7. chronic feeling of emptiness 8. inappropriate uncontrolled anger

Borderline Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity

Borderline Personality Disorder

Unstable in interpersonal relationship, behavior, mood and self image. Abrupt and extreme mood changes, stormy interpersonal relationships, fluctuating self imagine, self destructive actions

Borderline Personality Disorder

- Marked impulsivity - frantic efforts to avoid abandonment - real/imagined - Fears impending separation or rejection - Instability and intensity or interpersonal relationships - Self-mutilating behavior and suicidal gestures

Borderline Personality Disorder (Axis II)

line or point where a system or subsystem can be differentiated from the surrounding systems. Can be rigid, permeable, or in between- General systems theory

Boundary

- NO relationships, once a client always a client - self-disclosure, do not talk about yourself - if client is attracted

Boundary Violations

- the goal of this approach is not symptom reduction rather it is interested in improving the intergenerational transmission process - important interconnected concepts are differentiation, emotional system, multigenerational transmission, emotional triangle, nuclear family, family projection process, sibling position, and societal regression

Bowenian Family Therapy

Attachment Theory

Bowlby

A- 1 or more following. one has to be 1,2,3 1. delusions, 2. hallucinations 3. disorganized speech, 4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior B- episode is at least 1 day but less than 1 month, withe vitally full return to norma functioning C- not better explained

Brief Psychotic Disorder

A.presence of one or more of the following symptoms: Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech Grossly disorganized/catatonic behavior B. Duration - at least 1 day but less than a month C. Not MDD or Bipolar

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Presence of one (or more) of the following symptoms. At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3): 1. Delusions. 2. Hallucinations. 3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence). 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. episode of the disturbance is at least 1 day but less than 1 month

Brief Psychotic Disorder

systematic, focused process that relies on assessment, client engagement, typically between 6-20 sessions,

Brief Therapy

Recurrent episodes of binge eating; Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; fasting; or excessive exercise

Bulimia Nervosa

not recommended or unsafe to use

Contraindicated

A. Recurrent binge eating: 1. eating amounts that is larger than most individuals one in that period of time 2. sense of lack of control over eating B. Recurrent compensatory beh. C. Both occur 1+ weeks for every 3 months D. Self eval. is influenced by weight E. Does not occur exclusively during anorexia

Bulimia Nervousa

Morality of Care -Feminist response to Kohlberg's perspective on moral development. -Theorizes a morality of "care" reflects women's experience more accurately than one that emphasizes justice & rights.

Carol Gilligan

Cut Down Annoyed or angry Guilty Eye Opener

CAGE

Beck- behavior determined by thinking and goal

CBT

Active collaborative structured time limited goal oriented problem focused

CBT characteristics

Symptoms: - Relentless, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, disjointed thought, rambling and flushing of the face Extreme cases: Mania, disorientation, hallucinations and psychosis

Caffeine Intoxication

Conjunctival injection. (red eyes) Increased appetite. Dry mouth. Tachycardia. (heart rate up)

Cannabis Intoxication

Irritability, anger, or aggression. Nervousness or anxiety. Sleep difficulty (e.g., insomnia, disturbing dreams). Decreased appetite or weight loss. Restlessness. Depressed mood. At least one of the following physical symptoms causing significant discomfort: abdominal pain, shakiness/tremors, sweating, fever, chills, or headache.

Cannabis Withdrawal

Must occur within 12 months period in order to be diagnosed - at least 2 criteria: Failure to reduce Failure of obligations Physically hazardous

Cannabis use disorder

Receiving a fixed rate for a designated number of sessions or clients

Capitation

A- disturbances in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that are inappropriate for the individuals age and language skills, persistent over time, and are characterized by frequent and marked occurrences of one or more of the following: 1. sound and syllable repetition 2. sound prolongation of consonants as well as vowels 3. broken words (pauses) 4. audible or silent blocking (filled or unfilled pauses) 5. circumlocations (word substitutions to prevent problem) 6. words produced with an excess of physical tension 7. monosyllabic whole-word repetitions B- causes anxiety about speaking or limitations in effective communication , social participation, academic achievement, or occupational performance, individually or any combination C- onset of symptoms early dev. period D- not attributable to speech-motor or sensory deficits, dysfuency associated with neurological insult (stroke, tumor, trauma) or other medical conditions not meter explains by another mental disorder.

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)

Disturbances in the normal fluency & time patterning of speech that are inappropriate for the individual's age & language skills, persist over time

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)

Social learning theory

Children and adults learn largely through observation and are enabled to alter behavior by emulating/imitation the behavior of others who serve as models. -Bandura

Goal is to match needw ith least restrictive treatment enviornment that is safe and efective, client moves along cotiuum of care settings

Choosing a treatment Setting

Goal is to match need with least-restrictive treatment environment that is safe and effective, client moves along cotinuum of care settings from more-to-less restrictive, ideally.

Choosing a treatment setting

All personality, schizophrenia, dysthmic, cyclthohymic, GAD, hypochondiasis, somatization

Chronic disorders

All personality, schizophrenia, dysthymic, cyclothymic, GAD, hypochondriasis, somatization

Chronic disorders

Pattern of events and transitions over life course e.g. impact of wife's career over family - Ecological systems theory

Chronosystem

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Circular questioning is a technique used to explore differences between family members. Used if the family tells each other, "Don't talk about that".

Professional Ethics & Values

Clarify professional boundaries when clients ask social workers to do unethical things (ex: accompany client to church)

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Clarify what clients mean by language they use, "I feel 'depressed'."

Pavlov - learning occurs as a result of pairing previously neutral (conditioned) stimulus with an unconditioned (involuntary) stimulus so that proper response is learned

Classical Conditioning

Association

Classical conditioning refers to the process by which an individual learns a behavior through ______.

a process for affecting or intitating change either with or on behalf of clients to obtain services or resources that would not be provided; modify influence policies or practices that adversly affect groups; promote policeis that will result in providison of requisite resources

Client Advocacy

human beings as good, uses unconditional positive regard, genuineness, anxiety is caused by disorganization of self

Client Centered Therapy

Professional Ethics & Values

Client protection must be the first priority during services NOT professional standards (ex: if a social worker is abusing alcohol they are removed from direct services)

Professional Ethics & Values

Client records are mandated by law, regulatory authorities and agency policy. They may be used in legal actions. Social workers must maintain all records to protect the client.

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Client views on siblings and birth order can reveal a lot of information about the impact of their culture.

If there is an unually long period, address the silence ONLY!

Client's being Silence

human beings as inherently good, uses unconditional positive regard, genuineness, anxiety is caused by disorganization of self (ROGERS - 'ROGERIAN')

Client-Centered Therapy

c. a supportive group

Clients in a mental health agency group are encouraged by the group leader to socialize even when not participating in the group sessions. The group is probably: a. an analytically oriented group b. a behavioral group c. a supportive group d. a transactional group

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Clients often lose sight of the reasons for treatment and it's important for us to keep the client aware of the goals and focused on them.

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic

Cluster B Personality Disorders

Anxious or fearful behavior Avoidant Dependent Obsessive - compulsive

Cluster C Personality Disorders

stimulant

Cocaine is a _________.

ALWAYS THE FIRST THING TO DO - Clients interest are always first

Code of Ethics

Jean Piaget - his stages address how humans come to gradually acquire knowledge - holds that children learn through interaction with the environment and others - learning is viewed through the internal mental processes including insight, information processing, memory and perception 1. Sensory motor (0-2) 2. Pre operational (2-7) 3. Concrete operations (7-11) 4. Formal operations (11-maturity)

Cognitive Theory

focus is on the present, present thinking motivates behavior, approach is collaborative, structured, time limited, goal oriented and problem focused

Cognitive Therapies

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Cognitive restructuring involved changing the cognitive from passive to active and the mindset from depressed to doing something.

Rational Emotive Therapy

Cognitive theorist, Albert Ellis developed what type of cognitive behavior theory also known as ABC theory of emotion?

- Psychological treatment of thoughts - Accurate definition of the problem - Good with depression and Anxiety Cognitive Errors - Cognitive Dissonance -

Cognitive theory

Task Centered

Cognitive, behavioral & social learning theory all share what kind of theoretical approach?

Delusion of Grandeur - unrealistic sense of importance, power "" of Persecution - others are out to harm "" of Reference - everything is related to the person Somatic delusion Control delusion - someone or something is controlling the person

Common Delusions

Satir, identified family roles based on communication patterns that became established and fixed in families. placater blamer leveler distracter

Communication FT

Active listening - Verbal non-verbal listening Congruence - Mirroring, connecting with client Limit setting Objective feedback - Not Hopelessness

Communication terms

More than one disorder

Comorbid

enables one to make up for real or fancied defiencies (example, stuttering man becomes writer)

Compensation

Attempt to shed normal feelings of inferiority

Compensation (individual psychology)

The attempt to shed normal feelings of inferiority

Compensation (individual psychology)

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Complete a social history to understand factors that affect behavior.

Anna Freud

Concept of Defense Mechanisms was developed by?

7-11 Years old, beginss abstract thinking, plays games with rules, cause/effect relationship is understood, logical implications are understood

Concrete Operations

thinking is independent of experience, thinking is reersible, rules of logic are developed

Concrete Operations Thinking

- repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior by a child or teenager in which social norms are rules are violated

Conduct Disorder

-Repetitive and persistent pattern of conduct which violates either basic rights of others or age-appropriate social norms or rules -Must have a diagnosis of CD as a child or teen to be dx'd w/ Antisocial PD as adult. -Most effective tx occurs across settings, provide parenting skills, behavioral modification at home & school

Conduct Disorder

A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated, as manifested by the presence of at least three (3) of the following 15 criteria in the past 12 months from any of the categories below, with at least one (1) criterion present in the past 6 months: Aggression to People and Animals; Destruction of Property; Deceitfulness or Theft; Serious Violations of Rules

Conduct Disorder

Manifested by filling in gaps of a client's memory with material that is created during the course of a narrative about history or personal experience, without intent to deceive Symptom found in certain types of severe memory disorder Korsakoff's syndrome 2nd to chronic alcoholism and dementia and Alzheimer's disease

Confabulation

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Confront intoxicated clients about acting out behavior.

Contains all the info that a client is paying attention to at any given time

Conscious (Psychoanalytic Theory)

The results are the same as what is already known

Construct Validity

- Utilization of a specialist to assist with a current work-related function - Purpose is to solve a problem - Voluntary - Authority comes from th eknwledge and skills of the consultant

Consultation

Content representative of the content of the property measured

Content Validity

agreement between two or more individual that specifies behavior change that is to take place in one or more individuals, and consequences of not honoring

Contingency Contract

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Continuing a therapeutic relationship through email is only appropriate for higher functioning clients.

DSM IV axes I, II and III have been combined

DSM5

c. interview clients and fill out forms during the initial interview

Data collection in the engagement phase of social work practice means that social workers: a. identify clients' financial and insurance resources b. seek out information on any legal or criminal problems c. interview clients and fill out forms during the initial interview d. read documents, records and other written materials

Aversion

Decreasing the likelihood & frequency of a behavior by presenting an unpleasant reinforcement or punishment is known as what type conditioning?

Denial - the most common defense mechanism - refusal to recognize reality ex. Addict admits to use but denies she has a problem Repression - the process of forgetting because event being too painful ex. Displacement - Gives their anger to someone else ex. Man angry at his boss goes home and kicks his dog Projection - Changing who has the anger and attributing one's thoughts or impulses to another person ex. Man complaining about his partners affair, when he is the on having the affair Projection Identification - unconsciously perceiving others behavior as a reflection of ones identity Regression - inappropriate cooping ex. adult throwing a tantrum like a child Acting out - emotional conflict is dealt with actions rather than feelings ex. man is sad after losing his dog and reacts by punching a baby in the face. Compensation - enables one to make up for something they lack ex. a person who stutters becomes a very expressive writer Conversion - repressed urge expressed by voluntary nervous system ex. death in the family is expressed through tingling pain in the leg. Decompensation - deterioration of existing defenses ex. Devaluation - used frequently by a person with borderline personality - Attributes exaggeratednegative qualities to self or another. Dissociation - express forbidden or unconscious impulses without taking responsibilty for the action ex. daydreaming or amnesia Idealization - overestimation of an admired aspect or tribute of another Identification - patterns themself after a significant other Identification with the agressor - indentifying with a powerful aggressor ex. abusing another and you were being abused Incorporation Psychic of a person is fiuratively ingested Inhibition - loss of motivation to engage in activity to avoid conflic/forbidden impulses ex. writing learning, social shyness Introjection - love or hatred symbolically absorbed by self ex. severe depressionor unconsicous unacceptable hatred or love toward self intellectuallization where the person avoids uncomfortable emotions by focusing on fact or logic. Jargon is also used to focus on words rather than emotions Isolation of affect - unacceptable impulse or ideaseperated from its original memory source, removing the emotion associated with it Rationalization - giving believable explanation for irrational behavior Reaction Formation - adopting opposite emotions to mask another ex. someone happy all the time is actually sad, someone sweet is actually very angry Splitting perceived self and others all good or all bad, not both. Sublimation - channel emotions into an activity or action ex. a kid channels his anger into athletics Substitution unattainable goal or unacceptable goal that is replace with one more attainable or acceptable ex Symbolization - a mental representation stands for some other thing Turning against self - deflect hostile agression or unacceptable thoughts from another towards self Undoing - a person using words or actions to symbolically reverse or negat something acceptable ex. washing hands to deal with obsessive thoughts

Defense Mechanisms

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Defense mechanisms are an unconscious process.

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Defense mechanisms serve to protect the ego functioning.

An irrational fear of and negative emotional reaction to homosexuality that manifests in contempt, condemnation, and malice toward gay men and lesbians

Define homophobia

The action and behavior that prevents others from accessing resources and opportunity

Define oppression

Cultural characteristics associated with maleness or femaleness vs sex is biological

Definition of gender

Developing a specific plan every time a child receives services which states what will be done to help the family remain together, or if the child is to be removed from the home, what will be done to provide a permanent, nurturing home for the child

Definition of permanency planning and "least restrictive option"

different from schizophrenia bc it does nto involve hallucination or delusion

Delirium

A strange thought or belief

Delusion

False, fixed beilef despite evidence to contrary

Delusion

False, fixed belief despite evidence to contrary

Delusion

false, fixed belief despive evidence to contrary

Delusion

-fixed beliefs that are not responsive to change in light of conflicting evidence - one month of delusions - no other psychotic symptoms

Delusional

A- 1 or more delusions with 1 month duration or longer B- Criterion A for schizophrenia never met C- funcitonining is not markedly impaired and behavior is not odd D- Manico or depressive eppisodes have occurs but brief E- not attributed to other effects of substance or medical condition.

Delusional Disorder

A. Presence of one or more delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer B. Criterion for A schizophrenia has never been met C. Behavior is not markedly impaired or bizarre/odd D. Not manic E.non substance induce

Delusional Disorder

The presence of one (or more) delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer

Delusional Disorder

primite defense, inability to acknwoledge true significance of thoughts, feeligns, wishes and behavior

Denial

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Denial is the first stage of grief.

Pattern of dependent and submissing behavior, relying on others to make decisions for them. Requires excessive reassurance and advice

Dependent Personality

A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation

Dependent Personality Disorder

Pattern of dependent and submissive behavior, relying on others to make decisions for them. Requires excessive reassurance and advice.

Dependent Personality Disorder

A. the presence of persistent or recurrent experiences of one or both: 1.Depersonalization: Experience of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one's thoughts, feelings, sensations, body or actions. 2. Derealization: Experiences of reality or detachment with respect to surroundings. B.During the deper. or dereal. experiences, reality testing reamains intact.

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

The presence of persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization, derealization, or both: 1. Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one's thoughts, feelings, sensations, body, or actions (e.g., perceptual alterations, distorted sense of time, unreal or absent self, emotional and/or physical numbing). 2. Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings (e.g., individuals or objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy, lifeless, or visually distorted).

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Depression is a result from cocaine withdrawal.

Celexa (Citalopram)

Depressive Disorders

Disruptive mood dysregulation D/O MDD Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)

Depressive Disorders

Lexapro (Escitalopram)

Depressive Disorders

Prozac (Fluoxetine)

Depressive Disorders

Zoloft (Sertraline)

Depressive Disorders

Friendly Visitors-did assessments Organization to provide for needy people. Was Micro Focused

Describe the Charity Organization Societies

Chicago Hull House 1889 Was Macro focused University students would live among poor and help immigrants to adjust and advocate labor conditions for women and children

Describe the Settlement Movement

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Destruction of another's property, lying & stealing describes a Conduct disorder.

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Determine the client's language before arranging for an interpreter.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Determine the degree to which the client's life is affected from their presenting problem.

1980's Giving control to the state and local government for social programs. TANF replaced AFDC

Devolution

1915 Critiqued SW and said it "was not yet professional" and lacked a specific technique

Dr. Abraham Flexner

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Educate parents about child development if the "problem" is age appropriate.

-ODD uses negativism, stubbornness, dawdling, procrastination, obstinateness, provocation, show their aggression, whereas w/ CD, children violate the rights of others.

Difference: Conduct Disorder and ODD

Core concept of the therapy in which a client can be an individual while in emotional contact with the family

Differentiation (Bowenian Family Therapy)

Becoming specialized in structure and function

Differentiation (systems theory)

disturbance or change in the usually integrative functions of memory, identity, perception

Disassociation

Professional Ethics & Values

Discuss confidentiality and the possibility of a subpoena in the first session before the client contracts for services.

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Discuss or CONFER" options with client and their families before making decisions or changes

A pattern of behavior in which a child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults and exhibits at least two of the following: 1. Reduced or absent reticence in approaching and interacting with unfamiliar adults. 2. Overly familiar verbal or physical behavior 3. Diminished or absent checking back with adult caregiver after venturing away, even in unfamiliar settings. 4. Willingness to go off with an unfamiliar adult with minimal or no hesitation.

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

- Bipolar - Schizophrenia - Depression

Disorders Best Treated By Medication

directing an impulse, wish or feeling toward a person that is not its real object (i.e. kicking a dog when you are mad at boss)

Displacement

A- severe recurrent temper outburst manifested verbally and/or behaviorally that out of proportion in intensity and duration B- temper outburst are inconsistent w/ dev. level C- occur on average 3 or more times per week D- mood between outburst is irritable or angry E- Criteria A-D present for 12 or more months. F- A-D in atleast 2 of 3 env. (home, school, peers) G- not before age 6 or after 18 H- onset before 10 I- never more than 1 day of manic or hypomanic J- do not occur durig an episode of major depressive disorder and not explained by other disorder.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

a process which enables a person to split mengal functions in a manner that allows him to express forbidden impulses without takngi responsibility, i.e. futue states, amneisia

Dissasociation

disturbance or change in the usually integrative functions of memory, idenitty, perception

Dissocation

- inability to recall important autobiographical information -cant remember anything about themselves

Dissociative Amnesia

- inability to to recall autobiographical info (often traumatic) - specifier with dissociative fugue - types: - localized: fail to recall events during a circumscribed period of time - selective: some but not all of localized - generalized: complete loss

Dissociative Amnesia

An inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting. Note: most often consists of localized or selective amnesia for a specific event or events; or generalized amnesia for identity and life history.

Dissociative Amnesia

- flight or travel - memory loss - often new identity

Dissociative Fugue

- dissociation of personality - adoption of others (2-100, avg. 15) - unique characteristics - characteristics - host (one who seeks help) - switch

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states, which may be described in some cultures as an experience of possession. The disruption in identity involves marked discontinuity in sense of self and sense of agency, accompanied by related alterations in affect, behavior, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory-motor functioning. These signs and symptoms may be observed by others or reported by the individual

Dissociative Identity Disorder

ease of being interrupted by sound, light etc. - Temperament

Distractability

reality testing

Disturbances in orientation and thinking are suggestive of a compromise in _____________.

Do not define groups, cultural group define themselves Describes the multifaced ways in which human beings can both similar and different Stratification - the structured inequality of the entire categories of people who have different access to social rewards as a result Institutionalized discrimination - discrimination which has long been accepted as governmental or organizational operating procedures, laws or objectives. Ethinc stratification - Social Stratification -

Diversity

Yes, you are not done after the legal adoption is done...

Do professionals offer post-legal adoption services?

Family Systems Theory - Psychodynamic -Theory: double-bind communication in families

Don Jackson

c. pseudo-mutuality

Dysfunctional families that try to maintain the appearance of open, reciprocal relationships with each other are best described by the term: a. enmeshment b. mystification c. pseudo-mutuality d. disoriented

depressed mood for most of the day, for at least 2 years in adults, in children and adolescents, symtpoms only need to be present for one year and can manifest as irrtiabiltiy, symptoms nevr absent from 2+ months

Dysthmic Disorder

- depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years

Dysthymia

Pica

Eating one or more non-nutritive substance, e.g., paint, string, hair, insects, pebbles on a persistent basis is known as?

Used to develop a broad understanding of a child and his/her situation, to identify her systems and the interactions that happen in them.

Ecological Approach (P.I.E.)

Focus is on interrelatedness between person and environment, degree of fit between person and surroundings, interface between client and client environment

Ecological Model

Community - Macro Group/Family - Mezzo Individual - Micro Views human development from a person-in-environment context

Ecological Perspective

understanding people and their environment.

Ecological Perspective

Trust vs. Mistrust (1 years old) - World is reliable place and I can trust VS the world is dangerous and I cannot trust Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (1-2 years old) - I can accomplish things vs I am incompetent and unsuccessful Intiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years) - I can follow my curiosity vs it's wrong for me to explore and initiate Industry vs. Inferiority (6- Puberty) - I can take pleasure in my achievement vs Im not as capable as others Identity vs Role Confusion/Diffusion (12-18 years old) - I can define myself as an independent person vs I can only define myself like others Intimacy vs. Isolation (20s - 40s) - I can achieve emotional closeness with others vs. getting close is more risky than it is worth Generativity vs. Stagnation (40s - 60s) - My contribution through future generations vs there is no meaning beyond my finite life

Erikson Psychosocial Functioning

intimacy vs isolation (early to late 20s)

Erikson's _______ stage is the stage when the developmental task is to establish interpersonal intimacy.

Another person is in love with the individual

Erotomanic type

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Establishing boundaries with borderline clients is especially important.

Consult NASW

Ethical Dilemma: First Step

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Evaluate for depression even when describing school/teacher concerns.

Must have method to evaluate effectiveness of intervention

Evaluating

Determine the effectiveness of your intervention. 1) Monitor 2) Analyze 3) Improve

Evaluation

using the best scientific evidence available in deciding how to intervene with individuals, families, groups, or communities

Evidence based practice (EBP)

...

Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder

Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions

Excoriation Disorder

An individual experiences a sexual arousal by exposing genitals to these who do not wish to see them (over a period of 6 months) B. Individual has acted on these urges with a non-consenting person or cause distress

Exhibitionism

From outside, external cause

Exogenous Depression

caused by external events of psychosocial stresors

Exogenous depression

caused by external events of psychosocial stressors

Exogenous depression

links between social settings in which individual has no active role (husband influenced by exosystem of wife's stressful work environment) - Ecological systems theory

Exosystem

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Explore clients resistance to taking medication, if they are refusing and no progress is being made.

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Explore cultural beliefs about mental illness with clients.

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Explore feelings behind behaviors with clients.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Exploring client's thoughts about how social workers can help provides the client with a sense of control.

using words and gestures to say what we mean

Expressive communication

African Americans

Extended family, church organizations, and self-help groups are predominant sources of strength for which race/ethnic group?

Results can be applied outside of the study

External Validity

withholding a reinforce that normally follows sa behavior with consequent decline in the behavior, behavior that fails to produce reinforecement will eventually cease

Extinction

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

FIRST discuss client's perception of their conflicts in regards to their culture.

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

FIRST normalize feelings between teenager and parents.

Test focus directly on the behavior of interest

Face Validity

A.over a period of a least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from either the use of non living objects or a higher specific focus on nongenital body parts as manifested by ... B. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in ect... C.

Fetishistic Disorder

Margaret Mahler's "object constancy"

Final sub-phase of individuation (process of separation-individuation); infant's ability to recall the mother despite her absence; occurs at about 14 months.

Superficial behavioral changes within a system that do not change the structure of the system

First-order Changes (Strategic Family Therapy)

An inability to progress normally from one stage to another due to too much gratification or too much frustration

Fixation (Psychosexual Development)

Perceptual, process oriented approach which focuses on awareness, wholeness, contact and self regulation

Focus of Gestalt Therapy

Shared delusion, a person may develop delusional system as a result of close relationship with person who already has established system

Folie a deux

Shared delusion. A person may develop delusional system as a result of close relationship with person who already has established system.

Folie a deux

False, SW's in good faith are mandated to report all suspected case of abuse.

For mandated Reporting of abuse, the NASW Code of Ethics states the SW should have witness the abuse before a report is made: True or False

d. be aware of personal biases

For rapport to develop, it is important for a social worker to: a. always empathize with the client b. have similar issues as the client c. be congruent in words and behaviors d. be aware of personal biases

Idealization

Form of denial in which the object of attention is presented as "all good" masking true negative feelings toward the other is called?

11+ , higher level of abstraction, construction of ideals, planning for future, thinks hypothetically, decenter through interactions with peers and elders, assumes adult roles

Formal Operations

Dynamic & Ethnocentricity

Formation of a Culturally Competent Practice the Individual practitioner should understand the ______ of the differences of her/his own culture & that of the client & recognize their own ______.

Develop

Formation of a Culturally competent Practice the individual practitioner should ______ a detailed knowledge of various cultures.

Adapt & Accommodate

Formation of a culturally competent practice the individual practitioner should _____ their practice skills to _____ a client's culture

Aware & Knowledge

Formation of a culturally competent practice the individual practitioner should become _____ of & gain _____ about the differences in cultures.

Values & Beliefs

Formation of a culturally competent practice the individual practitioner should become aware of her/his own cultural _____ & _____.

Focuses on what was done; the process

Formative Evaluation

focus on process.

Formative evaluation

Person, problem, place, process

Four P's of Problem Solving

BILING

Fraud

Repression

Freud believed that thoughts & ideas that create anxiety or distress are pushed from the conscious to the unconscious. This process is referred to as?

Overjoyed with Anna, Pop Loves his Girl.

Freud's Mnemonic

An individual experiences erotic pleasure by rubbing against or touching a non- consenting person(over at least a 6 month period) B. Individual has acted on these urges with a non-consenting person or cause distress

Frotteurism

Id - What I see, I want (strong Id lacks for care of others) Ego - You can't always get what you want (Strong ego, rational and efficient but cold and distant) Super ego - Moral judge, guilt (storong super ego feels guilty all of the time.

Frued (Id, Ego, Super ego)

helping process between ct and therapist, change resides in the client.

Functional Approach

not based on "treatment" goal of relationship is not set before treatment begins, uses time phases, less emphasis on diagnosis

Functional Approach

1) Progressive - or taxes levied against a person's income & as it goes up so does the tax. 2) Regressive - or tax that is acquired via sales taxes or social security & typically more of a burden to the poor

Funding of Gov't Social Welfare Prog's are achieved thru one of two types of Taxes?

1944, Education, training, employment, home and business loans.

GI Bill

Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as indicated by the individual exhibiting four (or more) of the following 9 symptoms in a 12-month period

Gambling Disorder

-transgender

Gender Dysphoria

A pervasive enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture.manifested in 2 (or more) of the following areas: Cognition , Affectivity , Interpersonal functioning. Interpersonal functioning. Impulse control.

General Personality Disorder

A. Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities. B. The individual finds it difficult to control the worry. C. The anxiety and worry are associated with 3+ of the following 6 symptoms (with at least some of the symptoms having been present for more days than not in the past 6 months): 1. Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge. 2. Being easily fatigued. 3. Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank. 4. Irritability. 5. Muscle tension. 6. Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restless, unsatisfying sleep. D. The anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. E. The disturbance is not attributed to the physiological effects of a substance or other medical condition.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities (such as work or school performance)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Caring: guiding and developing next generation - Erikson

Generativity v. Stagnation

Adulthood; mature persons interest in establishing and guiding next generation, self absorption can lead to lack of generativity

Generativity vs. Self Absorption

a graphic representation of a families interactions and history

Genogram

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Geriatric Depression Inventory assesses the elderly for suicide risk.

process/perception oriented, focuses on whoelness, awareness, self regulation. focus is on the HERE and NOW, client becomes more aware through workers observations, CONTRAINDICATED FOR PROBLEMS OF SELF CONTROL

Gestalt

Holistic Nature, Here & Now

Gestalt Theory focuses on the _______ ______ of human experience in the _____ & ______.

Fritz Perls

Gestalt Theory was founded by _____?

Here and Now. Taking responsibility for ones own actions enhancing awareness

Gestalt Therapy

process orientated approach which focuses on awareness, wholeness, contact and self regulation. integrations of mind body thoughts and action are central to approach

Gestalt Therapy

process-orientated approach; focuses on awareness, wholeness, contact, self-regulation (adjustments). Integrations of mind, body, thoughts, action are central to approach

Gestalt Therapy

purpose of existence for system, reason for being - General systems theory

Goal

Degree to which parent and child fit together re: temperament (culturally defined) - Temperament

Goodness of Fit

Bringing together individuals w/ common belief into a group inevitably --> their each becoming extreme in this belief.

Group Polarization

group decisions that is more extreme than any of the members would have adopted on own.

Group Polarization

process that occurs during group decision making when discussion strenghtens a dominant point of view and results in a shift to a more extreme position than any of the membrs would adopt on his own

Group Polarization

-Members, through process of interaction, gain knowledge/insight into themselves for purpose of change. -The focus of group psychotherapy is treatment of pathology or illness.

Group Psychotherapy

Focus is treatment of pathology or illness

Group Psychotherapy

Goal: treatment of pathology or illness

Group Psychotherapy

great group cohesion and loyalty= possibly resulting in poor decisions.

Group Think

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Group members need to resolve issues themselves. Should be a group decision and not a decision pushed by the social worker.

Occurs during group decision making when discussion strengthens a dominant point of view and results in a shift to a more extreme position than any of the members would adopt on their own

Group polarization

Complementary

Group therapy is generally recommended as a __________ Intervention or Therapy. It is not used as an individual treatment method but as a supplement.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Group therapy is the preferred method of treatment for all addictive behaviors since the group process breaks down client's denial and rationalizations.

When a group makes faulty decisions because of group pressures

Groupthink

high group cohesion which results in failure to consider other alternatives. Group leader can counter act this w/ placing positive value on open inquiry.

Groupthink

high group cohesion which results in failure to consideration other alternatives

Groupthink

-Healthcare Providers -Healthcare clearing houses -Health plans

HIPAA only applies to covered entitles of:

provides minimum legal standard with regard to the transmission of electronic health cords `

HIPPA

Histrionic personality disorder vs. Narcissistic personality disorder

HPD: Excessive emotionality & attention seeking; constantly seeking reassurance, approval or praise; egocentricity & LACK of empathy. NPD: Grandiose sense of self-importance; fantasies of unlimited success, feelings of entitlement, exploiting others, extreme polarities of idealizing and devaluing others.

The Research Hypothesis or statement of what you're trying to prove.

Ha is the symbol for?

...

In developing an alliance with a voluntary client, a social worker should: a. Assure the client that the agency's treatment goals are appropriate for the client b. Assure the client that everything is confidential c. Demonstrate that the client's preferences and goals will be respected and that the client will not lose control Suggest a written contract that specifies both the worker and client's responsibilities

Environment & Individual

In ego psychology, adaptation is defined as the reciprocal relationship between the ______ & the ______?

The family as a whole rather than an individual as the problem

In family-centered practice, practitioners and families frame problems as what?

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

In group therapy, it's always important to deal with all issues within the whole group.

-The client is HIV positive -The client/victim engaged in unprotected sex or shared drug injection equipment -The behavior is actually unsafe -Client intends to continue the behavior after being counseled -HIV transmission will likely occur

In order for a therapist to break confidentiality & warn an intended victim of the client's HIV status, 5 facts have to be proven:

Unwanted & Undesirable

In psychoanalytic theory, problems, issues & dysfunctions are described as _____ & ______ behaviors.

Educate the client on the risks to self & others associated with HIV & promote self-determination.

In the case of a HIV client who is engaging in unprotected sex the SW's 1st responsibility is to?

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

In the evaluation process for sexual dysfunction, first rule out any medical basis for the dysfunction.

...

In the first interview with a voluntary client, the primary purpose of asking questions is to: a. Establish a warm and accepting atmosphere to insure that the client will return b. Determine the presenting problem so that a decision can be made on the appropriateness, scope and direction of additional interviews and intervention c. Direct and focus the client's conversation on the client's family history d. Find out if the client really wants help

...

In the first meeting with parents referred by Children's Services due to child abuse allegations, the social worker would most likely: a. Confront the parents on their inappropriate use of physical discipline b. Meet separately with the parents c. Discuss the parents concerns and feelings about being referred for treatment d. Indicate the parents could lose their child if they do not cooperate

Limits

In the formation of a culturally competent practice the individual practitioner should be able to express the ____ of their knowledge about the client's cultural values & beliefs.

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

In the middle phase of alcohol treatment, the most difficult task is for alcoholics to confront psychosocial realities about themselves.

Delirium

Inability to focus or remember, disorientation, and language disturbances & is brief & fluctuates during throughout the day is?

Isolation

Inability to simultaneously experience the cognitive and affective components of a situation is called?

primitive mechanism in which psychic representation of a person is figuratevely ingested

Incorporation

- Believed to cause or determine another variable - The Variable you are studying (the "if" varible)

Independent Varible (Research Variables)

Alfred Adler - belief that the main motivations for human behavior are not sexual or aggressive urges but striving for perfection - children naturally feel weak and inadequate compared to adults, and this natural feeling of inferiority drives them to adapt, develop skills and master challenges - aim of therapy is to develop a more adaptive lifestyle by overcoming feelings of inferiority and self-centeredness and to contribute more toward the welfare of others

Individual Psychology

Alfred Adler - the main motivations for human behavior are not sexual or aggressive urges but striving for perfection - children naturally feel weak and inadequate in comparison to adults, and this normal feeling drives them to adapt, develop skills and master challenges - the aim of therapy is to develop a more adaptive lifestyle by overcoming feelings of inferiority and self-centeredness and to contribute more toward the welfare of others

Individual Psychology

Alfred Adler

Individual psychology --Major tenet is notion that ALL psychopathology involves an inferiority complex. --Psychopathology is the product of a misguided life style rather than fixation or regressions.

School age; period before puberty where child learns how to do things with others

Industry vs. Inferiority

Begin to recognize faces and develop attachments. If no attachments are present will hinder, Language and Physical development.

Infancy

Disorders associated with chronic use of alcohol, caused by vitamin b (thiamine) deficiency. Memory problems, tx'd by admin of thiamine.

Korsakoff's Syndrome

Discrimination which has long been aaccepted as govermental or organizational operating procedures, laws or objectives

Institutionalized Discrimination

Discrimination which has long been accepted as governmental or organizational operating procedures, laws or objectives.

Institutionalized Discrimination

achieved satisfying intimacy with other human beings, acceptance w responsibility for life, without ego integration there is marked display of disgust

Integrity vs. Disgust

Onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains

Intellectual Development Disorder

A-deficits in intellectual functioning: reasoing, problems solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, learning from experience confirmed by both clinical and individuals standardized testing B- adaptive funct. failure to meet dev. and sociocultural standards for independence and social responsibility. without support limit functioning on one or more activities of daily life (communication, social participation, independent living) across multiple env. C- onset is during in tell. and adaptive during developmental period.

Intellectual Disability

amount of energy exhibited in emotional expression - Temperament

Intensity

system affects the environment and environment affects system- General systems theory

Interchange and environment

All parts effect all other parts of system reciprocally- General systems theory

Interdependence

Recurrent behavioral outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses as manifested by either of the following: 1. Verbal aggression (e.g., temper tantrums, tirades, verbal arguments or fights) or physical aggression toward property, animals, or other individuals, occurring twice weekly, on average, for a period of 3 months. The physical aggression does not result in damage or destruction of property and does not result in physical injury 2. Three behavioral outbursts involving damage or destruction of property and/or physical assault involving physical injury against animals or other individuals occurring within a 12-month period

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Confidence that cause produced the effect

Internal Validity

temperature

Interval

- Universalization - Clarification - Confrontation - Interpretation - refraiming - relabeling

Intervening

Info. & Referral (I & R)- increase client knowledge of possible services. Network Linkages- Linking clients to multiple systems

Intervention

Love: ability to give and receive love, long term relationships - Erikson

Intimacy v. Isolation

Young adulthoodl young person begins to establish inimacy with himself and with others, fear of identity loss may lead to isolation

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Professional Ethics & Values

Intimate relationships are always a violation of boundaries.

loved or hated external objects are symbolically absored within self, i.e. in severe depression, unconscious unacceptable hatred is turned towards self

Introjection

Only done if someone is a harm to self or someone else

Involuntary Commitment

Substance Abuse

Involves the failure to fulfill major obligations at work, school, and/or home results in DUI's, legal issues, disorderly conduct, & arguing with significant others is?

Wernicke's Encephalopathy - Involuntary movements, poor balance, drowsiness and confusion Korsakoff's Psychosis - (if the above is not treated) - difficulty in learning, memory gaps, etc..

Korsakoff's Syndrome (Alcoholism) (Linear progression)

disorders assicated with chronic use of alchol, caused by vitamin b deficiency, has memory problems, treatment is admin of thiamine

Kosakoffs Syndrome

1. Denial and Isolation 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance

Kubler-Ross Five Stages of Death and Dying

Substance Abuse

Involves the need for increased amounts of a substance to get intoxicated, presence of withdrawal & persistent desire or efforts to cut down or quit is?

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Irresponsibility and aggressiveness describes an Antisocial Personality disorder.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Irritable or angry mood and argumentative/defiant behavior describe Oppositional Defiant Disorder.

unacceptable impulse, idea, act is separated from its original memory source, therby removing the original emoitnal charge associated with it

Isolation of Affect

A splitting of ideas from the feelings originally associated with them. The idea that remains in the consciousness is therefore deprived of its motivational force so that action is thwarted & guilt is avoided.

Isolation of affect

Professional Ethics & Values

Issues that come up in groups should be discussed individually with members when gathering information.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

It is important for the client to understand the reasons for their diagnosis and the behaviors that led to it.

Professional Ethics & Values

It would be unethical to abandon a depressed and suicidal (even with no plan) client because of insurance and inability to attend.

Built the Chicago Hull House and based it off of Toynbee Hall, London 1884 A key forerunner of SW and studied P.I.E.

Jane Addams

d. battered women sometimes do not protect themselves and will permit violent men to reenter their lives even when a court order prohibits contact

Jane is a client at a mental health clinic who has been attacked by her boyfriend on several occasions. She appears one day with her face badly bruised. Though she has previously been to court and her boyfriend has been ordered by a judge to stay away, he continues to harass and threaten her. In advising the client, the social worker should be aware that: a. court orders are rarely violated because offenders are afraid of arrest b. the police will react swiftly and will vigorously enforce orders of protection c. women often will not accuse their attackers for fear of retribution d. battered women sometimes do not protect themselves and will permit violent men to reenter their lives even when a court order prohibits contact

Child Intellectual Development; created a systematic study of cognitive development in children based on schemas (building blocks of knowledge) + assimilation (moving from one stage to another); 4 stages of development: 1) sensorimotor; 2) preoperational; 3) concrete operational; 4) formal operational.

Jean Piaget

1. Sensorimotor 0-2 yeas old - develops primitive logic - develops intantions - understands signal meanings - understands symbol meanings 2. Preoptional 2-7 years old - comprehends past, present, and future - imaginary friends - cant see point-of-views - thinking is not generalized 3. Concrete operations 7-11 years old - abstract thoughts - cause and effect is understood - thinking is independent - plays with rules 4. Formal moperations 11 through maturity - higher level of abstract - planning for the future - hypothetical thinking - assumes adult roles and responsibility

Jean Piaget Theory of cognitive development

After Mary Ellen Case, brought about change in 1874-1875. Children no longer thought of as property, but recognized for their age.

Juvenile Court Systems Formed

children account for 34.6% of those living in poverty

Juvenilization of Poverty

Recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects that are not needed for personal use or for their monetary value

Kleptomania

We split up issues into group and shift responsibilities onto people

Know the example given in class of "wedging off" of groups

Stage 3: Rules obeyed for approval Stage 4: Rules obeyed to avoid feelings of guilt

Kohlberg: Conventional morality

Stage 5: Judgments based on democratically arrived at social contracts Stage 6: Judgements based on universal moral principals that span history and culture

Kohlberg: Post-conventional morality

Stage 1: Rules obeyed to avoid punishment stage 2: Rules obeyed to earn reward

Kohlberg: Pre-conventional morality

counteracting entropy, successful use of available energy

Negative Entropy

LEVEL 1 (Pre-Conventional) Stage 1: Moral judgements are concrete & framed from an individual perspective; obedience and punishment orientation (avoid punishment). Stage 2: Emphasis on moral reciprocity; focus is on pragmatic value of action; self-interest orientation ("what's in it for me?"). LEVEL 2 (Conventional) Stage 3: Persons define what is right w/reference to what is expected by people with whom they have close relationships. Being virtuous is defined through maintaining trusting/loyal relationships; interpersonal accord and conformity (social norms). Stage 4: A shift from narrow local norms and role expectations to a larger social system perspective. Social responsibilities & observing laws are important aspects of social responsibility; authority and social-order maintaining orientation (law and order morality). LEVEL 3 (Post-Conventional) Stage 5: Ethical reasoning is formed on the basis of general principles and is understood in accordance w/underlying rules & norms; social contract orientation. Stage 6: Universal ethical principles. Moral reasoning is based on abstract reasoning using universal ethical principles.

Lawrence Kohlberg - 6 Stages of Moral Reasoning (detailed version)

Greater risk of: - Suicide - Physical and Verbal Harassment - Substance Abuse * let the client self identify

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Issues

Stimulus Barrier

Level of integrated response to stimuli; ability to focus, screen out distractions is called?

WRITING untrue statement

Libel

Common Medications Rx's for Anxiety/Panic D/O's

Librium, Xanax, Haldol, Celexa, Paxil, Toranil, Klonopin, and Valium are?

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Life cycle changes can create stress on a family.

-Small difference between toxic and therapeutic levels (ie low therapeutic index) -Need to check blood levels of Li, thyroid and kidney functions periodically. -Better at controlling mania than depression.

Lithium

Small difference between toxic and therapeutic levels, need to check periodic blood levles of Li. Also need for period check of thyroid and kidney functions as Li can affect these organs

Lithium

most effect in rpeventing recurrences of mania than recurrences of depression, must continue med in order to prevent mania

Lithium

Bipolar II Disorder

Lithium, Depakote and Clonazepam are?

weight gain

Lithium: Major factor in non-compliance with taking

Extent to which an individual believes that life events are under his own control or under the control of external forces -Social Role Theory

Locus of Control

Extent to which an indiviudal believes that life events are under his own control or under the control of external forces

Locus of Control

extent to which an individual believes that life events are under own control (internal) or others (external)

Locus of control

Regression

Losing of some aspect of development already achieved due to anxiety causing a person to revert to a previously attained stage or lower level of adaption is called?

antidepressants

MAO inhibitors are a class of ________________.

Marplan; Nardil; Emsam; Parnate

MAOIs

Culture in which individuals live, e.g. country or govt. systems - Ecological systems theory

Macrosystem

Separation-Individuation Theory of Development

Mahler

Mood Disorders

Maj Dep, Manic, Mixed or Hypomanic Episodes are all associated with which D/O?

-discrete episodes of at least 2 weeks duration involving clear-cut changes in affects, cognition, and neurovegetative functions and inter-episode remission

Major Depressive

A- 5 or more for 2 week period. one of the symptoms has to either be 1 or 2. 1. depressed mood 2. diminished interest or pleasure at all 3. sig. weight loss 4. insomnia or hypersomnia 5. psychomotor agitation (heavy arms) 6. fatigue or loss of energy 7. worthlessness or inappropriate guilt 8. diminished ability to think or concrete, indecisiveness 9. recurrent thoughts of death.

Major Depressive Disorder

A. 5 or more of the following present during the same 2-wk period and at least one of the symptoms is (1) or (2). 1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly everyday 2. Decreased pleasure or interest in most activities 3. Significant weight loss when not dieting, or weight gain, or decrease or increase in appetite 4. Insomnia or hypersomnia 5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation 6. Fatigue 7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt 8. Diminished ability to concentrate, indecisiveness 9. Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or specific plans of suicide

Major Depressive Disorder

counteracting entropy, successful use of available energy; process of system toward growth and development.

Negative Entropy (Negentropy)

False

Malingering is a diagnosis: True or False?

Somatization

Manifestation of emotional anxiety into physical symptoms is called?

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Many abuse victims avoid the painful subject by saying it never happened.

Separation - Individuation: Child Development -Separation: Differentiation (infant mind) between infant and mother. -Individuation: Development of infant's ego, sense of identity & cognitive abilities.

Margaret Mahler

seperation individuation theory of child development

Margaret Mahler

*AUTISITC-1stmo: Infant focused on self; incapable of investing in others. *SYMBIOTIC-1-5mo: Infant breaks out of the autistic shell, understands mother's existence as separate being and also able to experience unity w/mother. *SEPARATION-INDIVIDUATION PROCESS 1) Differentiation (6-9mo): Increase locomotion. 2) Practicing (9-14mo): Child more active. 3) Rapprochement (14-24mo): Shadowing mother; child moves away returning for emotional refueling. 4) Development of Object Constancy (14+mo): Child able to recall mother despite her absence.

Margaret Mahler - Developmental stages

Final sub-phase of individuation (process of separation-individuation); infant's ability to recall the mother despite her absence; occurs at about 14 months.

Margaret Mahler's "object constancy"

Autism, symbiosis, differentiation, practicing, rapproachment, on the way to object constancy

Margaret Mahler's sequential stages toward separation-individuation

Noticeable in habitual users with in 8 hours after stopping and strongest in the first ten days, but can last after for 45 days

Marijuana Withdrawals

Leader and Founder of SW profession, advocated for us to get degrees or receive professional training. Also came up with 1) Strengths Perspective 2) P.I.E. Wrote "Social Diagnosis" 1917 1st SW book.

Mary Richmond

Physiological (food, water); Safety; Love & Belonging; Self-esteem; Self-actualization. Only 1% of population consistently operates at highest level.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (Bottom to Top)

5. Self-actualization - expression of capabilities and potentialities 4. Status/Esteem - having status and acceptance in one's group 3. Belonging/Loving - feeling secure when in close, intimate contact with others 2. Saftey - avoidance of pain and physical damage. 1. Physiological - food, water, and air

Maslow's Hierarchy of needs

The sum of a list of numbers, divided by the number of numbers 10, 10, 10, 10, = 40 divided by 4 = the mean 10

Mean

The "middle" value 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, = the median is 20

Median

free medical and hospital care for those too p oor or disabled to provide care for themselves, it is not a nationally uniform program

Medicaid

danger to self, danger to others, inability to care for self

Medical Necessity for Involuntary Commitment

eligibility based on age or disability, nationally uniform program adminstered by def goverment through the health care financing adminsitation

Medicare

- Methadone: a synthetic narcotic used to detox from opiates or heroin - Antabuse: medication that produces unpleasant side effects (flushing, nausea, vomiting, hypotension and anxiety) if a client drinks alcohol (aversion therapy) - naltrexone: drug used to reduce cravings for alcohol; blocks the effects of opioids

Medication-assisted addiction treatment

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Meet with parents to discuss and understand their decisions.

Thought Processes (Cognition)

Memory, concentration and attention. Abstract vs. Concrete thinking is called?

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Men and women will Borderline Personality Disorder exhibit different patterns of impulse related disorders.

assesmet of an appearance,affect, speech, thought process judgment and insight *mental status is not a history of the client's psychological functioning it's the right here and right now

Mental status exam

relations between microsystems or contexts, e.g. families in church - Ecological systems theory

Mesosystem

synthetic narcotic taken instead of opiates, can be legally perscribed to subsitute heroin

Methadone

synthetic narcotic taken instead of opiates, can be legally prescribed to substitute heroin.

Methadone

therapist: Plays games performing roles as though scripted to do so

Methods used in Transactional Analysis

Narrative Therapy

Michael White

setting in which individual lives, e.g. family, peers, neighborhood - Ecological systems theory

Microsystem

Exchange of energy and resources between systems that promote growth and transformation

Negative entropy (systems theory)

...

Mr. Blank, an 80 year old resident of a nursing home, seems anxious after every visit from his son. The case manager discovers from the nursing staff that the son is trying to get money from Mr. Blank to buy a new car. Knowing that his son is an alcoholic, Mr. Blank does not want to provide him with cash, worrying that he would spend the money on alcohol. The best intervention the social worker could do is: a. Recommend to the nursing staff that they monitor the son's visits b. Have discussions with Mr. Blank about his son and his concerns about the son's drinking c. Tell Mr. Blank to refuse visits from his son d. Arrange a meeting with Mr. Blank's son

c. is intoxicated

Mrs. W has a long history of alcohol abuse. Though she has made several failed attempts to quite, she is now convinced that alcohol is affecting her heart and liver and she decides to stop drinking. She refuses medical supervision. Several days after deciding to quit, she arrives at the clinic without making an appointment and demands to see her social worker. She is loud and demanding and seems disheveled and uncoordinated. She then abruptly leaves the clinic. The social worker might conclude that Mrs. W : a. is going through alcohol withdrawal and needs medical attention b. wants the social worker's help in managing her discomfort c. is intoxicated d. may be experiencing delusions

Bowen,MULTIPLE FAMILIES WITH MUTUAL UNDERSTANDINGS. Role Playing, Differentiation within family.

Multigenerational FT

A natural process of connection of current generations to past generations

Multigenerational transmission (Bowenian Family Therapy)

Dementia

Multiple cognitive deficits and intellectual deterioration. Involves problems with memory, language, perception, irritability, agitation, delusions, & loss of control. Symptoms are stable and last over long periods of time is?

Bowen Family System Theory -Role of thinking versus feeling (reactivity) -Role of emotional triangles -Undifferentiated family ego mass -Family projection process -Emotional cutoff

Murray Bowen

Single Subject Design

N=1 is what type of design?

Informed Consent

NASW Code of Ethics defines this as the affirmative agreement by the client to undergo treatment after all potential risks, benefits, and associated costs have been disclose to the client.

True

NASW Code of Ethics state except where appropriate as in martial relationships or work with groups, it is inappropriate to provide services to two or more people who have a relationship with each other: True or False

counteracting entropy, successful use of available energy

NEgative entropy

drug used to reduce cravings for alcohol, blocks effects of opiods

Naltrexone

A persuasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy of behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early childhood - arrogant

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Exaggerated sense of self importance, are absored by fanatasies of unlimited suyccess and seek constant attention

Narcisssistic Personality

Exaggerated sense of self importance, are absorbed by fantatasies of unlimited success and seek constant attention

Narcisssistic Personality Disorder

b) MAO Inhibitors

Nardil, Parnate, and Marplan are ____________. a) tricyclic antidepressants b) MAO inhibitors c) SSRIs d) Benzodiazepines

a. meet the client at the reservation

Native Americans are often distrustful about whether social workers will be able to provide treatment in a value-free manner. What would be the best intervention to promote trust? a. meet the client at the reservation b. maintain eye contact c. model self-disclosure d. not mention historic events that have affected the lives of Native Americans

Cultural competence involves working with natural helpers Ex: Family, Friends, neighbors, co-workers

Natural Helpers

Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both Obsessions are defined by: 1. Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced, as intrusive and unwanted, and that in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress. 2. The individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, urges, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action Compulsions: 1. Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. 2. The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent, or are clearly excessive

OCD

At least 6 months

ODD Oppositional Defiant Disorder

24-38 months, consolitation of individuality and object constancy, can substitue reliable internal image during absence, inception of unified self image

Object Constancy

child understands that mother is truly separate entity. - Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory

Object Constancy

Margaret Mahler - centered on relationships with others - lifelong relationship skills are rooted in attachments with parents, esp mothers - stages from 0-38 months 1. Normal autism 2. Normal symbiotic 3. Separation/individuation 4. Object constancy

Object Relations Theory (form of Behavioral theory)

3.5yrs

Object Relations concept refers to the way a child's Ego becomes organized over the first ___ of life.

Margaret Mahler

Object Relations theory was developed by?

Conscientious and high levels of aspiration but strive for perfect and are never satisfied

Obsessive Compulsive

- Obsessions and compulsions must take up > 1 hour of their time. - Obsessions - intrusive and nonsensical - thoughts, images, and urges - attempts to resist or eliminate - Compulsions - checking - ordering - arranging - cleaning

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

...

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Conscientious and high levels of aspiration, but strive for perfect and are never satisfied

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

During the phallic stage it is a male child's sexual desire for his mother and hostility towards his father whom he considers a rival for his mother's love; male child who sees a naked girl for the first time believes her penis is cut off, and fears his father will do the same to him for desiring his mother; because of this fear the child suppresses longing for mother and begins to identify with father

Oedipus complex (Psychosocial Development)

d. the girl's network of friends

Of the following, which would be least important in the acculturation of an Asian girl in treatment with a social worker? a. the wishes of her parents b. the social worker's experience with similar situations c. the social worker's skills d. the girl's network of friends

Bipolar II D/O

One or more Major Depressive Episodes combined with at least one Hypo-manic Episode is associated with this disorder?

Bipolar I Disorder

One or more Manic or Mixed Episodes is associated with which D/O?

Systems

One unit comprised of individuals and their interactions is defined as?

Positive Reinforcement

One way of increasing the likelihood & frequency of a specific behavior will occur by presenting a reward or _____ _____ .

e.g. Schools, families, people, body systems, banks, businesses, governmental bodies - General systems theory

Open System

A system with cross-boundary exchange

Open system (systems theory)

Voluntary behavior (walking, talking)

Operant

Antecedent ----- Behavior ----- Consequence Dog ----- Pooping ----- Cage Rienforcement - Goal is increased behavior frequency

Operant Conditioning (B. F. Skinner)

B.F. Skinner Events (stimuli) - response/behavior- consequences - consequences that increase the occurrence of behavior are reinforcing whereas consequences that decrease occurrence of behavior are punishing - reinforcement aims to increase behavior frequency while punishment aims to decrease it

Operant Conditioning (form of Behavioral Theory)

Skinner

Operant Conditioning was developed by B.F. ______.

Token systems

Operant techniques --Operant conditioning stresses importance of reinforcement. --Token system is predicated on being given an award (token) for desired behavior.

Drowsiness or coma. Slurred speech. Impairment in attention or memory

Opioid Intoxication

Dysphoric mood. Nausea or vomiting. Muscle aches. Lacrimation or rhinorrhea. Pupillary dilation, piloerection, or sweating. Diarrhea. Yawning. Fever. Insomnia.

Opioid Withdrawal

A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months as evidenced by at least four (4) symptoms from any of the following categories, and exhibited during interaction with at least one (1) individual who is not a sibling. Angry/Irritable Mood; Argumentative/Defiant Behavior; Vindictiveness

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Pluralism - A society in which members of diverse ethnic, racial, religious, and social groups maintainparticipation in and development of their traditions and special interests while cooperatively working toward their interpendence needed fo a nation's unity Cultural Pluralism - respecting and encouraging cultural difference Key Concept: Interdependence and Cooperation among diverse individuals

Pluralism

Giving a smile, cookie, privlidge or point

Positive Reinforcement (Operant Conditioning continued)

A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in 1+ of the following ways: 1. Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s). 2. Witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurred to others. 3. Learning that the traumatic event(s) happened to a close family member or friend. In case of actual or threatened death the event(s) must be accidental or violent. 4. Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s). NOTE: Criterion A4 does not apply to exposure through electronic media or pictures unless it is work related. B. Presence of 1+ of the following intrusion symptoms occur after: 1. Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of event(s). 2. Recurrent, distressing dreams about event(s). 3. Dissociative reactions (e.g. flashbacks) in which the individual acts or feels as if the event(s) were recurring. 4. Intense or prolonged physiological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that resemble an aspect of the event(s). 5. Marked physiological reactions to internal or external cues that resemble aspects of the event(s). C.Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the event(s), as evidenced by 1+ of the following: 1. Avoidance or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings associated with the event(s). 2. Avoidance or efforts to avoid external reminders of the event(s). D. Negative alterations in cognition and mood associated with the event(s), as evidence by 1+ of the following: 1. Inability to remember an important aspect of the event(s) (not physiological). 2. Persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about oneself, others, and/or the world. 3. Persistent distorted cognition about the cause or consequences of the event(s) that lead the individual to blame themselves or others. 4. Persistent negative emotional state. 5. Markedly diminished interest in significant events. 6. Feelings of detachment or estrangement form others. 7. Persistent inability to experience positive emotions. E. Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the event(s), as evidenced by 2+ of the following: 1. Irritable behavior and and angry outbursts. 2. Restless or self-destructive behavior. 3. Hyper-vigilance. 4. Exaggerated startle-response. 5. Problems with concentration. 6. Sleep disturbance. F. Duration is >1 month. G. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to one or more traumatic events. Duration of the disturbance is more than 1 month

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Crawling/walking, able to explore independently, but still perceives itself as one with mother - Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory

Practicing

Growing problem caused by immigration, caused Residential Institutions to be built. Almshouses, Asylums, and Orphanages.

Pre-Civil War Period

Thoughts and feelings that can be brought to the consciousness easily

Preconscious (Psychoanalytic Theory)

-depressive disorder - sometime after ovulation and remits within a few days of menses and has a marked impact on functioning

Premenstrual Dysphoric

...

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

majority of menstrual cycles, symptoms must be present in the final week before the onset of menses, start to improve within a few days after the onset of menses, and become minimal or absent in the week post-menses.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Development in womb, if no healthy living from mother child will develop. Genetic Disorders Transmit Viruses from parents Symptoms related to drug and alcohol use

Prenatal

2-7 years old, language development engables symbolic functioning to occur, progress from conretism to abstract thinking, can comprehend past, present, future, night terrors

Preoperational

Aquires words, math symbols, music and others, magical thinking, thinking is not generalized, think is concrete, irreversible egocentric, cnetered on on detail or event

Preoperational Thinking

Should become more questioning of their environment and thirsty for knowledge. If they don't develop good peer relationships or learn to solve their own conflicts, Will become withdrawn and refuse to talk Develop poor muscle control Failure to follow simple instructions

Preschool Years

Encourage family members to pretend and encourage voluntary control of behavior

Pretend Technique (Strategic Family Therapy)

Enhance well being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed and living in poverty

Primary Mission of SW Profession

ALWAYS EMPOWER THE CLIENT

Primary Mission of Social work is Empowerment

prevent problem before its initial onset, aimed at reducing prevalance of a problem by reducing the incidences of new cases; creating enviornemnts that promote mental health

Primary Prevention

to prevent a problem before its inital onset, aimed at rducing the prevalence of a problem by reducing the incidence of new cases, enviorents that promote mental health

Primary Prevention

Time phases (beginning, middle, end) , structure, de-emphasizes diagnosis, function of age, use of relationship.

Principal of the Functional Approach

Rapport & Trust

Prior to assessment the SW should establish _____ & _____.

Confidentiality

Prior to assessment the SW should explain the legal & ethical obligations & limitations of _______?

May disclose confidential information when you have valid consent from client or legal guardian, except to prevent foreseeable or imminent harm to a client or identifiable person

Privacy and Confidentiality

projection vs displacement

Projection - Attributing a painful impulse or idea to external world; taking our own unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people. (e.g. If you have a strong dislike for someone, you might instead believe that he or she does not like you.) Displacement - Defense mechanism in which individual deals w/emotional conflict or internal or external stressors by transferring a feeling about/response to one object onto another substitute object. (e.g. Kicking the cat instead of standing up to the boss.)

desire to be near people we are attached to - Attachment theory

Proximity Maintenance

Common Medications Rx'ed for Depressive D/O's

Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, Celexa, Tofranil, Elavil, Marplan, Nardil and Eldepyl are?

antidepressants (SSRIs)

Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Celexa, Lexapro are anti_________.

Repressed Childhood Memories & Experiences

Psychoanalysts believe that behaviors are shaped by?

Id, Ego, Superego

Psychoanalytic Model

- Reactions clients have with Social Worker and our reaction to our clients - Focus is on bring thoughts into the conscious - Believes thoughts are repressed and repression causes neurosis - Long-term treatment is needed - Transference/Countertransference

Psychoanalytic Theory

- Sigmund Freud - a client is seen as the product of his past and treatment involves dealing with the repressed material in the unconscious - behavior and personality derive from the constant interaction of conflicting psychological forces that operate at 3 different levels: preconscious, conscious and the unconscious - in psychotherapy the primary technique used is analysis of dreams, resistances, transference and free associations

Psychoanalytic Theory

Psychoanalytic (or Psycho-dynamic)

Psychoanalytic, Ego Psychology, Psychosocial & Object Relations Theory all share what kind of Theoretical approach?

Treatment approach where roles are enacted in a group context

Psychodrama

Ackerman, alliance between therapist and client. harmony between individual and family needs. Helps ct see into every day problems and review these experiences.

Psychodynamic FT

Explain the origin of personality - all emphasize unconscious motives and desires as well as the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personally

Psychodynamic theories

client in context of interactions or transactions, full biopscyhosocial is obtained, treatment is according to needs and results or both, uses systems appraoch

Psychosocial

psychological, and social history. treatment is according to clients needs.

Psychosocial Approach

Freud believes personality solidifies in childhood before age 5, in which there are 5 stages of psychosexual development: 1. Oral (birth-12months) sources of pleasure comes from the mouth sucking, biting and chewing; if fixated results in excessive smoking, overeating or dependence on others 2. Anal (2-potty trained) sources of pleasure are bowel moments; if fixated results in an overly controlling (anal-retentive) personality or an easily angered (anal-expulsive) personality 3. Phallic (3-5) sources of pleasure are genitals and if fixated can result in guilt or anxiety about sex 4. Latency (5-puberty) sexuality is latent or dormant during this period and there are no fixations 5. Genital (puberty) sources of pleasure are the genitals and sexual urges return; no fixations

Psychosocial Stages of Development (Freud)

Stages of development - each with a psychosocial crisis Resolving crisis prepares for next stage

Psychosocial Theory

Learn, Adapt & Social, Phsycial

Psychosocial theory believe that all individuals have the capacity to ______ & ______ and to some degree change their _______ & ________ environment.

Having Hallucinations and Dellusions

Psychotic

RAD- a consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers Minimally social and emotionally responsive to others Limited and affect Ep of unexplained irritability or sadness A. Consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, manifested by both of the following: -Child rarely or minimally seeks comfort when distressed - "" responds to comfort when distressed B. A persistent social and emotional disturbance characterized by at least 2 of the following .... C. Child has experienced a pattern of extremes of insufficient care as evidence by at least 1 of the following .... D.

Reactive Attachment Disorder (Trauma - and Stress- Related disorder)

complex psychiatric illeness, serious problems in emotional attatchments, can be applied to infancts and caused by a lack of attatchemnt to specific caregiver at any early age, results in an inability for child to form loving relationship with others. Symptoms: detatched, difficulty being confronted, preoccupied with defiant behavior

Reactive Attatchment Disorder

complex psychiatric illness, serious problems in emotional attachments, can start in infanthood, caused by a lack of attachment to a specific caregiver at any early age, results in an inability for child to form loving relationship with others. Symptoms: detached, difficulty being confronted, preoccupied with defiant behavior.

Reactive Attatchment Disorder

Post traumatic, acute stress, adjustment, bereavement

Reactive Disorders

Post-traumatic, acute stress, adjustment, bereavement

Reactive Disorders

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Reasons for treatment: reduce symptoms & improve function

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Reassure parents that sexual curiosity is normal at age 5.

understanding what others are saying

Receptive communcation

Culture Bound syndromes

Recurrent, locality-specific patterns of aberrant behavior & troubling experience that may or may not be defined & recognized in the DSM- IV is defined as?

Culture Bound Syndromes

Recurrent, locality-specific patterns of aberrant behavior and troubling experience that may or may not be defined & recognized in the DSM-IV is defined as?

Inversion

Refocusing of aggression or emotions evoked from an external force onto one's self is called?

Anorexia Nervosa

Refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, a disturbance in body image, or the intense fear of gaining weight is known as?

Denial

Refusing to acknowledge or recognize the reality & implications of painful, anxiety-provoking experiences is called?

partial or symbolic return to more infantile patters of reacting or thinking, can be iun service to ego; i.e. dependency during illness

Regression

consistency of patterns of eating, sleeping, elimination etc. - Temperament

Regularity

Strategic Family Therapy. Alter meaning of behavior or redefine the situation so the perceived meaning of the behavior is less problematic.

Relabeling

Changing the label attached to a person or problem from negative to positive so the situation can be perceived differently; it is hoped that new responses will evolve

Relabeling (Strategic Family Therapy)

- Dependiblity, Stability consistancy, predictability, and accuracy - Test/Re-test = Same rater gives consistent answer over time

Reliability

Relationship Between Mother and Child; social stimulation is necessary for infant's growth. 3 Levels of Infant Ego Organization: 0-3mo: Infant moves from visceral perception to use of eyes & ears; develops reliable smile. By 8mo: Infant has achieved 2nd level of organization; demonstrated by increased levels of anxiety when in presence of stranger. By 14mo: Infant achieves semantic communication; demonstrated by ability to say "no" (a sign of independent thinking). Marasmius: Disease in infants resulting from social deprivation.

Rene Spitz

Reaction Formation

Replacement of some painful or negative event with the complete opposite is called?

Splitting

Repressing, dissociation or disconnecting important feelings that are "dangerous" to psychic well-being, leading to feelings of a fragmented self is called?

expressed clinically by amnesia, forgeting to banish unacceptable ideas, fantasies, affects or impulses

Repression

A- uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive or manic) concurrent with criterion A of schizophrenia B- delusions or allucinaitons for 2 or more weeks in the absence of major mood episode during the life time duration of illness C- symptoms meet criteria for a major mood episode are present for the majority of total duration of the active and residual portions of illness D- disturbance isn ot atr to the effects of a substance.

Schizoaffective Disorder

A.an uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode(manic or depressive) concurrent with criterion A of schizophrenia B. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks C. D. No drugs cause

Schizoaffective Disorder

Introverted, withdrawn, solitar, emotionally cold and distant, absorded with their own thoughts and feelings, fearful of closeness

Schizoid Personality

Introverted, withdrawn, solitary, emotionally cold and distant, absorbed with their own thoughts and feelings, fearful of closeness

Schizoid Personality

1. cold, detached, neither enjoying or desiring relationships 2. limited range of emotions 3. unaffected by praise or criticism 4. no thought disorder 5. deficiency in vitality and energy 6. passive activities (e.g. tv) 7. see themselves as bland 8. are content with social detachment

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings

Schizoid Personality Disorder

1 month & 6 months

Schizopherniform D/O is similar Schizophrenia but symptoms for at least ____ but less than ____ mos.

-breakdown in thinking and poor emotional responses -delusions, paranoia, hearing voices or noises that are not there, disorganized thinking, a lack of emotion and motivation

Schizophrenia

1. delusions 2. hallucinations 3. disorganized speech (word salad) 4. disorganized or catatonic beh. 5. low level of functioning 6. continuous disturbance for 6+ months 7. no depressive or manic episodes

Schizophrenia

A)2 or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of the time during a 1-month: Delusions Hallucinations Disorganzied speech Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior Negative symptoms - that last at least 6 months B. Level of functioning has not gone back to pervious levels of functioning C.persist for at least 6 months Specify: First episode, currently in acute ep. "" partial remission "" full remission (Social withdrawl, lack of emotional expression)

Schizophrenia

A- 2 or more of the folioing for 1 month period, one must be 1,2,or 3. 1.delusions, 2. hallucinations 3. disorganized speech, 4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5. negative symptoms (diminished emit. expression or abolition). B- sign. portion of time level of functioning in one or more major areas is below the level of achieved prior to the onset. C- signs of disturbance persist for at least 6 months include at least 1 month of symptoms. may include periods of prodromal or residual symptoms and during these times manifested by only negative symptoms or 2 or more listed in A D- schizo affective and depressive or biolora with psychotic features been ruled out. E- disturbance is not attra to substance or other condition. F- if history of autism or communication additional diagnosis

Schizophrenia

Haldol (Haloperidol)

Schizophrenia

Positive symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, Negative symptoms: affective flattening, reduction in range of expression, poverty of speech

Schizophrenia

Positive symtpoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, Negative symptoms: affective flattinging, reduction in range of expression, poverty of speech

Schizophrenia

Risperdal (Risperidone)

Schizophrenia

Seroquel (Quitiapine)

Schizophrenia

Thorazine (Chlorpromazine)

Schizophrenia

Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3): 1. Delusions. 2. Hallucinations. 3. Disorganized speech 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. 5. Negative symptoms significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, level of functioning in one or more major areas, such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care, is markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset. Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months

Schizophrenia

Zyprexa (Olanzapine)

Schizophrenia

Schizotypal (P) D/O Delusional Disorder Brief Psychotic Schizophreniform D/O Schizophrenia Schizoaffective D/O

Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders

Psychomotor disturbance

Schizophrenia with Catalonia

A- 2 or more of the following 1 month period, one must be 1,2,or 3. 1.delusions, 2. hallucinations 3. disorganized speech, 4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5. negative symptoms (diminished emit. expression or abolition). B- episode is least 1 month but less than 6 months. c- schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features must be ruled out because no depressive or manic episode during active phase or no mood episodes have occurs during active phase d- not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance

Schizophreniform Disorder

A.2 or more of the following, each for a significant portion of time during a 1 -month period or less: Delusions Hallucinations Disorganzied speech Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior Negative symptoms - that last at least 6 months B. An episode of the disorder last at least 1 month but less than 6 months C. Schizoaffective, depressive, or Bipolar have been ruled out D. No drugs cause

Schizophreniform Disorder

Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3): 1. Delusions. 2. Hallucinations. 3. Disorganized speech 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. 5. Negative symptoms episode of the disorder lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months.

Schizophreniform Disorder

Is distinguished by its difference in duration - 1 month but less than 6months (form) At least 6 months on

Schizophreniform VS Schizophrenia

Odd or eccentric manners of speaking or dressing, strange outlandishing or paranoid beliefs, magical thinking

Schizotypal

...

Schizotypal (Personality Disorder)

A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Odd or eccentric manners of speaking or dressing, strange outlandishing or paranoid beliefs, magical thinking. Different from schizophrenia b/c w/ SPD, can be made aware of their delusions, delusions not as long-lasting

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Changes to the systematic interaction pattern so the system is reorganized and functions more effectively

Second-order changes (Strategic Family Therapy)

to treat symptoms, prevent recurrence or exacerbation of an already diangosed problem or disorder

Secondary Prevention

to treat symptoms, reduce prevalnce by reducing duration through early detection and intervention, prevent recurrence or exacerbtaion of existing problem

Secondary Prevention

figure acts as base of security from which child can explore world - Attachment theory

Secure Base

cries when separated and reaches and molds to when reunited, easily soothed - Strange Situation

Securely Attached

Slurred speech. Incoordination. Unsteady gait. Nystagmus. Impairment in cognition (e.g., attention, memory). Stupor or coma

Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Seek consultation when feeling unsuccessful with clients.

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Seizures are involved with alcohol.

A- failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations B- interferes with educ. or occupation. C- atleast 1 month D-not attributed to lack of knowledge E- not bettter explained by comm. disorder

Selective Mutism

A. Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is expectation for speaking (e.g. school) despite speaking in other situations. B. The disturbance interferes with educational or occupational achievement or with social communication. C. The duration of disturbance is 1+ month. D. The failure to speak is not attributed to lack of knowledge, or comfort with, the spoken language required of the social situation.

Selective Mutism

Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking (e.g., at school) despite speaking in other situations

Selective Mutism

-Kohut. -Psychopathology is result of disrupted or unmet developmental needs. -Self: Ingrained; depends on relationships w/ others, boundaries. -Self-object needs: mirroring (having worth of self reflected back); idealization (borrowing strength from others, identifying w/ someone more capable); twinship (child needs to feel alikeness to others for sense of belonging)

Self Psychology

Based on central organizing and motivating force in personality, three self object needs: mirroring, idealization, twinship (child needs alter ego for sense of belonging)

Self Psychology

Ct transforms self-object functions of therapist into an internalized self-structure. Mirroring Idealization Twinning

Self Psychology

identifying self object needs,

Self Psychology

Lead by member, not a Social Worker, who has overcome problem already.

Self-Help Groups

Empathic responses to meet needs for: Mirroring - Validates the child's sense of a perfect self Ex. If the child smiles and you smile back Idealizing - Child borrows strength from others and identifies with someone more capable Ex. Child pretends to do dishes from watching his mother do them Twinship/Twinning: Child needs an alter ego for a sense of belonging or humaneness (needs to be connected)

Self-Psychology

systems regulate themselves to meet goals. Engage in feedback and self-correction to reach goals- General systems theory

Self-regulation and control

signals meaning, infacnt invests meaning in event (such as babysitter arrives, mom is leaving), symbolic meaning begins in last part of phase

Senorimotor Symbols

used in sex therapy, pleasure and sex therapy are paired with relaxation

Sensate Focus

degree to which a person reacts to light, sound, etc. - Temperament

Sensitivity

play is imitative, begins intentional actions

Sensorimotor Actions

0-2 years old; retains images of objects, develops primitive logic in manipulating objects, begins intentional actions

Sensorimotor Object

Indirect Questioning

Sentence Completion is this type of questioning?

- a factor in determining personality; birth order has an influence on how he/she relates to parents and siblings

Sibling position (Bowenian Family Therapy)

Psychoanalytic Theory Structural Theory: Id, Ego, Superego Psychosexual Stages of Development -Oral Stage (birth-1.5 yrs) -Anal Stage (1.5-3 yrs) -Phallic Stage (3-5 yrs) -Latency Stage (6-10 yrs) -Genital Stage (10-adulthood)

Sigmund Freud

A- inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from indic. of attachment. B- last for 4 weeks in children and 6 months or more in adults C- significant distress and impairment in areas of life D- not explained by other.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A. Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by 3+ of the following: 1. Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or from major attachment figures. 2. Persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to them. 3. Persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event that (lost, accident, kidnapped, etc.) that causes separation from a major attachment figure. 4. Persistent reluctance or refusal to go out, away from home, to school, work, or elsewhere because of fear of separation. 5. Persistent and excessive fear or reluctance to about being alone or without major attachment figure. 6. Persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or to go sleep without being near major attachment figure. 7. Repeated nightmares involving the theme or separation. 8. Repeated complaints of physical symptoms when separation occurs or is anticipated. B. Fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, lasting 4 wks in children and adolescents and typically 6+ months in adults. C. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress and impairment in functioning.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety that occurs in absence of attachment figure - Attachment theory

Separation Distress

development of limits, differentiation from mother, hatching, practicing, rapproachement - Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory

Separation Individuation Phase

Dissociation

Separation or postponement of a feeling that normally would accompany a situation or thought is called?

-Differentiation -Practicing -Rapprochement -Object Constancy

Separation-Individuation has 4 sub-stages of:

7-18 months, practicing, disengagement from mother with creeping, height of narcissim, runs away from mom with anticipation of her reengagement

Separation/Indivudation II

6-12 months, differentiation, alert when awake, stranger anxiety

Seperation/Individuation I

(20-25) - (35 - 40)

Severe Intellectual functioning is what IQ range?

b. Hallucinations

Severe grief and mourning are sometimes accompanied by: a. Mutism b. Hallucinations c. Hypothermia d. Sensory deprivation

Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer.... B. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in ect... An individual experiences erotic pleasure by being subjected to pain or suffering

Sexual Masochism

A.over a period of a least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, ect B. Individual has acted on these urges with a non-consenting person or cause distress An individual experiences erotic pleasure by inflicting pain on others

Sexual Sadism

Sexuality in infants - aware of difference in the genital in males and females - infants may touch or rub because it provide a pleasure Sexuality in children 3 to 7 yearsold - highly affectionate, hugging, kissing etc - play doctor and expose or explore genitals - age 5-6 they become more private Sexuality in preadolescents 8 to 12 years old - puberty - pubic hair and breasts at 9-10 - penis and testicle development at 10-11 - Masterbation increases - uncomfortable with undressing Sexuality in adolescent youth 13 to 19 - increased interest in romantic relationships - sexual intercourse - fall in and out of love Adult sexuality - age 50 for menopause (no longer produce estrogen) - age 25 semen production reduces.

Sexual growth

Displacement

Shifting repressed feelings from where they originate to some other object is called?

1. psychotic-like symptoms 2. magical thinking 3. ideas of reference 4. illusions 5. odd unusual beh. and appearance 6. excessive social anxiety associated with paranoia

Shizotypal Personality Disorder

Time limited, assess, set goals, define task.

Short Term or Task Centered

A. Marked as fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. NOTE: in children must happen with peers, not just adults. B. The individual fears that he or she will act in a way that or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated. C. The social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety. NOTE: in children, the fear or anxiety must be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, clinging, shrinking, or failing to speak in social situations. D. The social situations are avoided or endured with intense fear and anxiety. E. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the situation and to the sociocultural context. F. The fear, anxiety, and avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6+ months. G. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment. H. The fear, anxiety or avoidance is not attributable to the use of a substance or other medical condition.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others; Examples include social interactions (e.g., having a conversation, meeting unfamiliar people), being observed (e.g., eating or drinking), and performing in front of others (e.g., giving a speech

Social Anxiety Disorder

People learn by observing others- chief factors in influencing development

Social Cognitive Theory

Totaling potential benefits and losses to determine behavior. People make decisions about relations on the amount of rewards they receive from them.

Social Exchange Theory

totaling ptoential benefits and losses to determine behavior. People make decisions about relations on the amount of rewards they receive from them.

Social Exchange Theory

Bandura

Social Learn Theory was developed by Albert ______.

Behavior is learned through socialization. Methods unique to this theory are modeling and pos. reinforcement.

Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977)

Role - Behavior for a designated status Role behavior - Basic script for behavior Role Complimentarity - Parent -----> Child Role Reversal - The daughter is responsible for the house; the mother immature dependent and acts like a child

Social Role Theory

1) Universal Prog's - or soc wel prog's available to all. 2) Selective Eligibility Prog's - or soc wel prog's available to only a select group of people who meet a certain predet. criteria. 3) Exceptional Eligibility Prog's - or soc wel prog's available to only a certain class (e.g., Veterans)

Social Service Policies can be classified into three broad categories of?

The big umbrella under which many different programs, resources, and services exist; not just provided by Gov.

Social Welfare System

Engage, Assess Plan, Intervene, Evaluate, Terminate

Social Work Problem-Solving Process

1. Engaging 2. Assessing 3. Planning 4. Intervening 5. Evaluating 6. Terminating

Social Work Process

1. Engaging- speaking to the client for the first time 2. Assessing - Figuring out what the problem is 3. Planning - action plan 4. Intervening - emergency service plans etc.. 5. Evaluating - progress 6. Terminating - closing

Social Work Process

- fearful or anxious about social interactions and situations that involve the possibility of being scrutinized

Social anxiety

Children and adults learn largely through observation and are enabled to alter behavior by emulating/imitation the behavior of others who serve as models. -Bandura

Social learning theory

Professional Ethics & Values

Social work students should address issues directly with clients.

Professional Ethics & Values

Social workers are entitled to defend against malpractice lawsuits and can disclose client information to the court without client consent.

Professional Ethics & Values

Social workers are mandated reporters and should explain to teachers the need to report when necessary.

Professional Ethics & Values

Social workers are mandated reporters and should report abuse before anything else (ex: report before talking to supervisor)

Professional Ethics & Values

Social workers can not provide treatment to a mother and her child individually. There is potential for a breach in confidentiality and a dual relationship.

Professional Ethics & Values

Social workers must follow the laws around treatment of minors and obtaining parental consent.

Professional Ethics & Values

Social workers must understand cultural norms and issues that may be coming into play with clients, especially when determining communication styles.

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Social workers should advocate on behalf of the vulnerable population they serve and should advocate for policy changes.

Professional Ethics & Values

Social workers should always speak directly to colleagues first before taking other actions or telling supervisors.

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Social workers should consider the guilt family caregivers face when considering nursing home placements.

Professional Ethics & Values

Social workers should continue to see depressed and suicidal (even with no plan) clients and discuss alternative methods of payment, when there are insurance problems and an inability to pay.

Professional Ethics & Values

Social workers should first assess for abuse before taking any other actions.

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Social workers should help clients understand codependency.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Social workers should obtain a release of information to talk with school counselor before talking to students.

- Direct/Indirect Questioning - Observation of the client in her/his environment or simulated situation - Client self monitoring/self observation - Obtaining reports/records from outside sources (i.e., schools, doctors office, social service agencies)

Some types of social assessment (Interview) methods may be?

a. Tourette's syndrome

Someone who curses or gesticulates uncontrollably and without premeditation may suffer from: a. Tourette's syndrome b. Anxiety disorder c. Bipolar disorder d. Alzheimer's

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Sometimes exploring child care resources in the community would provide the most immediate relief for clients.

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

Speak directly to other social workers or colleagues when problems arise FIRST before reporting or speaking to others.

A- difficulties learning or using academic skills. one of the following for 6 months 1. inaccurate or slow and effortful reading 2.difficulty understanding what is read 3. difficulty with spelling 4. difficulty with written expression 5. difficulty mastering number sense, calculations 6. difficulty with mathematical reasoning B- academic skills are low for chronological age. interferes with academic and occupation as exhibited by individual clinical assessment and achievement standards. C- difficulties started during school age years but could not fully manifest till high demands D- not better accounted for my intel dis, uncorrected visual or auditory acuity or other mental or neurological disorder.

Specific Learning Disorder

Difficulties learning and using academic skills, as indicated by the presence of at least 1 of the following symptoms that have persisted for at least 6 months, despite the provision of interventions that target those difficulties

Specific Learning Disorder

-fearful or anxious about avoidant of circumscribed objects or situations

Specific Phobia

A- fear or anxiety about specific object B- phobic object or situation provokes immediate fear and anxiety C- actively avoided or endured with fear and anx. D- fear is out of proportion to the actual danger E- typically last for 6 or more months F- causes significant impairment in areas of life G- not exp by other

Specific Phobia

Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

Specific Phobia

A- difficulty with speech sound production interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication. B- causes limitations in effective communication that interferes with social participation, academic achievement, or occupational performance, individually or any combination C- onset is in early dev. period D-not attributed to cerebral palsy, cleft palate, deafness or hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, or other medical or neurological conditions

Speech Sound Disorder

Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages; Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period

Speech Sound Disorder

Adaptive Regression

Spontaneity; playfulness to adapt; sense of humor is called?

Denial anger bargaining depression acceptance

Stages of Grief

Pre-Affiliation - Forming (Develop trust) Power and Control - Storming (struggle for individual autonomy and group identification) Intimacy - Norming (Use of self in service of the group) Differentiation - Performing (Accept each other as unique individuals Separation - Adjourning (Seek independence)

Stages of Group Development

Erik Erikson - personality develops in a predetermined order - interest in how children socialize and how this affects their sense of self - personality develops throughout the life course and identity crisis is the focal point for each stage of human development - Erikson believed there are 8 stages with 2 outcomes: successful completion of each stage results in healthy personality and successful interactions with others or failure to complete a stage results in a more unhealthy personality and sense of self 1. Trust vs mistrust 2. Autonomy vs shame and doubt 3. Initiative vs guilt 4. Industry vs inferiority 5. Identity vs role confusion 6. Intimacy vs isolation 7. Generativity vs stagnation 8. Ego integrity vs despair

Stages of Psychosocial Development

1. Stabilization- focus is on establishing abstinence, accepting the problem and committing to making changes 2. Rehabilitation/habilitation- focus on remaining substance free by establishing a stable lifestyle, developing coping and life skills, increasing support, and grieving loss of substance 3. Maintenance- stabilizing gains made in treatment, relapse prevention and termination

Stages of addiction treatment

1) Prenatal=fetus period 2) Infancy=1st 3 Years 3) PreSchool Years=3-5 Years 4) Middle Childhood=6-12 Years 5) Adolescence=13-18 Years

Stages of development

1. Preaffiliation- development of trust (aka forming) 2. Power and control- struggles for individual autonomy and group identification (aka storming) 3. Intimacy- utilizing self in service of group (aka norming) 4. Differentiation- acceptance of each other as distinct individuals (aka performing) 5. Separation/termination- interdependence (aka ajourning)

Stages of group development

Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning

Stages of group development

A maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by 1 or more in a 12 month period - Use resuling in the lack of fullfilment at work - Use in situations that are hazardous (e.g Driving) - Substance-related legal problems problems - Use despite social or interpersonal problems caused

Substance Abuse (Substance abuse and dependence are together in the DSM V)

A maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by 3 or more in a 12 month period - Tolerance - Withdrawal - Desire to cut down or control substance - Increased usage - Time spent obtaing substances - Continued use dispite problems associated

Substance Dependence

May involve physiologic tolerance in which increasing amounts of substances are required to achieve intoxication, and withdrawal symptoms occur. The person takes larger amounts of the substance while trying to cut down or control use. You do not need to have tolerance or withdrawal symptoms, but you do need a significant impairment in functioning or distress.

Substance Dependence

May involve physiologic tolernace in which increasing amounts of substsances are required to achieve intoxication and withdrawal symptoms occur. The person takes larger amounts of the substance while trying to cut down or or control use, you do not need to have tolernace or withdrawl symptoms but you do need a significant impairment in focutioning or distress

Substance Dependence

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Substance abuse must be addressed as an underlying issue before dealing with other dynamics of the marriage.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Substance use must be addressed before other issues can be explored.

unattainable or unacceptable goal, emotion, or object is replaced by one more attainable

Substitution

e.g. as School of Social work is to Tulane - General systems theory

Subsystem

A major component of a system made up of two or more independent components that interact in order to attain their own purpose(s) and the purpose(s) of the system in which they are embedded

Subsystem (systems theory)

- Communication of intent - Presence of a plan - History of previous attempts - Recent improvemnet in depressive sysmptoms

Suicide (Factors Associated With A High Risk Of Suicide)

people with a genetic disposition to suicide

Suicide rates are highest among...

Altruistic: it's the right thing to do Egoist: cut off social support Anomic: big change/loss Fatalistic: loss of control

Suicide types

Focuses on the results; the outcome

Summarative Evaluation

focus on outcome

Summative evaluation

ego ideal.

Superego

incorporates parental and societal values and standards into personality; develops between ages of 4 and 5

Superego

The moral component of personally - contains all the moral standards learned from parents and society

Superego (Psychoanalytic Theory)

Administration

Supervisor's role

Come together to overcome problems of daily living

Support and Counseling Groups

e.g. as Tulane is to School of Social work - General systems theory

Suprasystem

An entity that is served by a number of component systems organized in interacting relationships

Suprasystem (systems theory)

maladtive pattern of abuse leading to significant impairemnt in functioning or distress, continues to abuse substances despite persisiten or recurrent negaitve consequences and problems related to employment, school or legal issues

Susbtance Abuse

a mental representation that stands for some other thing, dream formation and other symptoms such as conversion, obsessions, compulsions with a link btw latent meaning of symptom and symbol

Symbolization

-Communication impairment (verbal/non-verbal) -Social (Sharing emotions, understanding how others think/feel) -Routines or repetitive behaviors.

Symptoms of Autism

anxiety inhibiting response cannot occur at the same time xiety reposonse, pairing anxiety with relaxation

Systematic Desensitization

Bowen, dealing with the whole family. behavior is modeled by therapist and learned amongst family.

Systemic FT

- A system is comprised of several parts, and when one thing changes within a system the whole system is affected - Ecomaps and genograms can help understand system dynamics - understanding person in environment is essential to identifying barriers or opportunities for change

Systems Theory

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

Talking about concrete changes is a symbolic way of talking about significant losses.

Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning

Tardive Dyskinesia is a movement disorder.

abnormal involuntary movements of tongue, lips, face, switching symptoms may persisit after disconsituation of medication, only prevention is avoiding antipsychotic drugs

Tardive dyskinesia

abnormal involuntary movements of tongue, lips, face, twitching symptoms. May persist after discontinuation of medication, only prevention is avoiding anti-psychotic drugs.

Tardive dyskinesia

restricting duration of treatment to promote completion, set goals, define tasks, assessment is to help client identify primary problem and explore it, specific task assignments

Task Centered Treatment

b. Is convened to achieve a specific function or goal

Task groups are an important means of accomplishing an agency's objectives. A task group: a. Is leaderless so that all staff are motivated to contribute b. Is convened to achieve a specific function or goal c. Focuses on supporting staff members in order to maintain high quality services delivery d. Relies on brainstorming to identify obstacles to achieving agency objectives

- Highly structured - Time limited: 8 - 12 sessions - Process - Assesment - Goals - Tasks

Task-Centered Treatment

Girls more likely to attempt, boys 4-5x likely to die by suicide.

Teen Suicide Risk by Gender

- Loss and separation - Review accomplishments - Anticipate future

Terminating

Worker and client 1) evaluate the degree to which the clients goals have been attatined 2) cope with series of issues related to the ending of the relationship 3) plan for subsequent steps the client may take relevant to the problem that do not involve the social worker

Termination Pocess

Worker and client 1) evaluate the degree to which the clients goals have been attained; 2) cope with series of issues related to the ending of the relationship; 3) plan for subsequent steps the client may take relevant to the problem that do not involve the social worker.

Termination Process

1) Evaluate degree of attained goals

Termination Requirements

reduce disability in chronic problems, reduce duration of problems by reducing neg after effects

Tertiary prevention

to reduce disability in chronic problems, reduce durations of problems by reducing negative after effects

Tertiary prevention

- Social Contracts or development of laws/regulations based on majority decision and inevitable compromise - Universal ethical principles and based on abstract reasoning

The 2 stages of Post-conventional moral development focus on?

- (School age children) Seeking social acceptance - Avoiding punishment

The 2 stages of Preconventional moral development focus on?

Individuals seeking to gain the approval of others & adherence to laws & rules.

The 2 stages of conventional moral development focus on?

- Autistic - Newborn to 1 mo - Symbiotic - 1 to 5 mos - Separation/Individuation - 5 mos through adulthood

The 3 Stages of object relations & the age ranges are?

1) Employer Funded 2) Gov't Funded 3) Personal (Charitable) Contrib. 4) Publically Funded

The 4 Types of Social Service Delivery Systems are?

Kubler-Ross

The 5 Stages of Grief were developed by Elisabeth _____ - _____.

Denial Anger Bargaining Despair/Depression Acceptance

The 5 stages of Grieving are?

b. local public responsibility

The Colonial Poor Laws established the principle of: a. neighborly involvement b. local public responsibility c. federal responsibility d. residential care for the poor

Social & Physical

The Eco-Systems or Life Model focuses on the relationship between living organisms and their _______ and _______ environment.

Antecedent Event

The Environmental event that occurs before the target behavior is called?

Consequence

The Event that occurs after or as a result of the Behavior is called?

- Tarasoff decision - to prevent serious forseeable, or imminant harm - Abuse of Children, Older Adults, and Persons with Disabilities

The Exception to Confidentiality

False, The Federal Privacy Act of 1974 only applies to Federal Agencies but many if not all private, state & local government agencies have adopted the provisions of the act.

The Federal Privacy Act of 1974 applies to both Federal and State agencies? True or False

Perceptions & Thoughts

The Goal of Eco-Systems direct practice level is to improve the Goodness of Fit between the Client & their environment by changing the client's ______ & ______, thus enhancing their responsiveness to & exchanges w/ the environment.

Pleasure Principle (Freud's idea of human basic needs i.e., food, shelter, sex, etc...)

The Id follows what Principle & requires immediate gratification?

d. all of the above

The Indian Child Welfare Act: a. allows tribes to reclaim jurisdiction over matters of Indian child welfare b. requires that tribes and parents be notified when an Indian child is the subject a child custody dispute c. provides for the development of family services on reservations d. all of the above

1) Industrialization 2) Urbanization 3) Immigration

The Major Social and Economic changes of the Progressive Era

Superego

The Moral, Judicial & Ethical portion of an individual's personality is?

Erik Erikson

The Psychosocial Theory developed by _____ ______ is based on the premise that an individual's social environment shapes her/his behaviors and personality.

Ego

The Rational executive portion of an individual's personality is?

Treament

The Termination phase begins once the _____ goals have been met.

Reality Testing

The ability or process of distinguishing the internal world of thoughts and feelings from the external world is known as?

Judgement

The ability to distinguish between reality and imagination is called?

Impulse Control

The ability to handle frustration is called?

Discrimination

The act of expressing prejudice or the intentional taking away certain choices, benefits, or other opportunities from a minority group is defined as?

Discrimination

The act of expressing prejudice or the intentional taking away of certain choices, benefits, or other opportunities from a minority group is defined as?

Behavior

The act that is the focus of the analysis & target for change is called?

b. to assess client progress continually and to revise and update treatment planning

The most significant clinical purpose for maintaining social work records in a family agency is: a. to facilitate worker accountability for treatment quality b. to assess client progress continually and to revise and update treatment planning c. to provide documentation that protects the agency and the worker from malpractice suits d. to provide continuity of care and to simplify transfer if the social worker leaves

Fixation

The partial or complete cessation of personality development at one of the psychosexual stages is called?

1) Experimental Eval-Utilizes experimental & quasi-exp designs. 2) Performance Audits-3rd party, indep evaluator review 3) Decision-oriented-is a review of individual components of a prog

There 3 types of Outcome Evaluations are?

Open Group

This kind of group therapy structure is flexible and allows members to come and go as they desire (e.g., AA Groups)

1) Institutional=Preventative 2) Residual=Reactive

Two Approaches to Social Welfare

Their parents abused them, stress, isolation

What are the factors associated with a parent becoming a physical abuser?

Differentiation

The infant's attention shifts from being inwardly focused to outwardly focused is which substage?

d. nothing - this would be unethical

There has been a traumatic event in your town. You have been instrumental in providing services. You would like to publicize the work you did. You would: a. write your congressman and ask him to issue a public statement about your work b. call the newspaper and ask them to do a story c. write your local social work board d. nothing - this would be unethical

Professional Ethics & Values

The main purpose of early supervision is to establish learning objectives.

...

The mission statement of an agency represents: a. A broad statement of the agency's goals and social purposes b. An absolute commitment to specific activities c. A basis for planning next year's programs d. A fund raising device

Id

The most primitive stage of the personality is?

blackouts

The most significant and pervasive indicator of alcoholism is _____________.

Urging Force (or Cathexis) & Checking Force (Anti-Cathexis)

The development of an individual's mental state is the result of a reciprocal exchange between two forces?

b) early latency --Pre-operational; thinking is conceptual and reality based.

The developmental stage where children are extremely concerned w/absolutes is _______. a) middle latency b) early latency c) late latency d) phallic stage

Topographical theory

The differentiation of the mind into unconscious, conscious and preconscious; Freud's concept of the mind's structure as differentiated into 3 levels is such a theory. e.g. Freud's "Mental Iceberg Model"

Entropy

The dissolution or disorganization of a closed system results in less differentiation and a lost of function is defined as?

Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment

The duration of illness is the factor most strongly linked to caregiver stress.

Sense of Reality (of the world & self)

The extent to which external/internal events are seen as real is called?

1) Single parents, due to divorce, or blended families 2) Homo or Heterosexual Marriage 3) Foster Families 4) Multigenerational Families, living under one house 5) Grandparents Raising the Kids

The family forms

Fam form 5 Grandparents raising the kids, accounts for 6% or 4.5 Million kids in the US.

The fastest growing Family Form

a. form the board of directors

The first step in forming a new program is to: a. form the board of directors b. hire the executive director c. identify the program's policies d. determine the budget

Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital

The five psychosexual stages of development are? (Orphan Annie Pretty Little Girl)

Rapprochement

The infant begins to want to act independently is which substage?

Object Constancy Sub-stage

The infant internalizes her/his mother and begins to understand her/his mother still exists for her/him despite her absence is which sub-stage?

Practicing

The infant separates from the caretaker and her /his autonomous ego function becomes more apparent is which sub-stage?

b. family provider and protector

The positive cultural value that is expressed in the ideals of "machismo" is: a. masculinity b. family provider and protector c. power and control d. cooperation

Repression

The pushing of negative or painful image, thought or idea out of the unconsciousness & considered the primary defense mechanism is called?

Correlation

The relationship between variables & expressed as a coefficient & where r of either 1.0 (+ relationship) or -1.0 (opposite relationship) is considered a ____.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The stage is from birth to 1 year and involves either being loved & nurtured or not.

Sensorimotor

The stage of development that involves an infant using her/his senses and motor functions to understand the world is?

Preaffiliation

The stage of group development, group members get acquainted with one another and are looking to the SW for direction.

Crisis Intervention

The theoretical base of this approach is base on psychoanalytic, Ego psychology & social learning theory & focuses on mitigating a short term crisis & learning new coping skills is known as?

Kohlberg

The theory of Moral Development was developed by Lawrence ____.

Pre-conventional, Conventional & Post-conventional

The three levels of moral development are?

Baseline & Intervention Phase

The two phases of N=1 are?

Assimilation (the incorporation of an aspect of one's environment into an existing mental schema) OR Accommodation (The adaptation or modification of existing mental schema to the characteristics of a new object).

The two types of Piaget's adaption are?

Identification

The unconscious modeling of one's self upon another person's behavior is called?

Electra Complex

The unconscious sexual attraction that a girl has for her father because she is aware of not having a penis & thus feels inferior & blames her mother is called?

Defense Mechanisms

The unconscious, irrational processes to protect the Ego & minimize pain, anxiety, or discomfort by distorting, hiding, or denying reality is called?

Learned & Changed

The underlying premise of Behavioral Theory is that all behaviors are _____ & can be _____.

Misconceptions, irrational thoughts & false beliefs.

The work of cognitive theory address Mis-______, ______ thoughts ______ beliefs.

For money

Theory X

Work for it's own sake

Theory Y

Lawrence Kohlberg - believes moral development parallels cognitive development - moral reasoning (basis for ethical behavior) has 6 developmental stages - a person must pass through each stage without skipping - stages are grouped as pre conventional (before 9), conventional (early adolescence), and post conventional (adult)

Theory of Moral Development

Individuals help each other in order to influence and change issues on all levels

Therapeutic group

Experimental Single Systems Designs

These type of SSD designs A-B-A, A-B-A-B, & B-A-B are know as?

Tarasoft V. Regents of University of California

This 1976 California Supreme Court case establish that SW's have a duty to warn victims of active threats by their client of physical harm & is known as?

HIPAA - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

This Act passed in 1996 provides: -Protections & limits on use & disclosure of PHI -Access to Protected Health Information -Right to receive notice of privacy practices

Jean Piaget

This Cognitive Development theorist believed all individuals are born with Schemas both sensorimotor and cognitive.

Projection

This Defense Mechanism is taking our own unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people is known as?

Retroflection

This Gestalt treatment concept is where a client does to themselves what they would like to do, to another person is defined as?

Confluence

This Gestalt treatment concept is where a client focuses on false or unrealistic similarities & tends to ignore or deny the differences is defined as?

Projection

This Gestalt treatment concept is where a client takes unacceptable & undesirable parts of their own personality & attributes them to another person is defined as?

Introjection

This Gestalt treatment concept is where the client inappropriately receives & internalizes messages & info from others is defined as?

Interquartile Range

This Measure of Variability is the Difference between the upper and lower quartiles.

Homeostatic Balance

This Systems Theory concept is described as the tendency of a system to seek restoration and maintenance of stability.

Social Security

This act in passed in 1935 est a public trust fund or social insurance prog that pays retirement, permanent disability & family & survivors benefits.

Mode

This average is determined by the score(s) that appear most frequently.

Mean

This average is obtained by adding all the scores together & dividing by the total number of scores.

Median

This average is where 50% of the scores fall above & 50% fall below a central value.

Ratio

This category of measurement is a scale with an absolute zero, (e.g., a score of 50 is 1/2 of 100) & known as?

Interval

This category of measurement is discrete & follows a continuous pattern & of equal distance apart like on scale (-/+) & known as?

Ordinal

This category of measurement is relative & based upon each other, (e.g., 1st, 2nd, 3rd) & known as?

Nominal

This category of measurement is two or more variables (e.g., male/female, high/low, pass/fail) & known as?

Paradoxical Direction (Directive)

This cognitive approach technique is used to make the client aware of & continue the behavior that is causing anxiety (i.e., fear of public speaking) & to provide the client w/ a sense of control.

Measure of Central Tendency

This concept is known as the degree to which certain findings cluster or group together by determining the Average.

Vertical

This intervention approach deals with problems and issues by reaching outside the community, e.g., government.

Horizontal

This intervention approach deals with problems or issues within the community.

Closed Group

This kind of Group therapy structure is completely arranged and controlled by the SW including number, length, location, group membership, and goals (e.g., Bereavement Group).

Tourette's Disorder (Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics have been present at some time during the illness, although not necessarily concurrently) Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder (Single or multiple motor or vocal tics have been present during the illness, but not both motor and vocal) Provisional Tic Disorder (Single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics)

Tic Disorders

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

To assure that translations are accurate, it's important to use a professional, not a family members.

a. hire a consultant

To deal with service delivery problems, an agency would: a. hire a consultant b. develop a client feedback system c. use resource records d. review each case after termination

-There is a genuine Therapist/Client Relationship -The client has communicated a serious & imminent threat of physical violence -The threat is against identifiable victim

To fulfill the Duty to Warn the following criteria have to met:

Operant techniques --Operant conditioning stresses importance of reinforcement. --Token system is predicated on being given an award (token) for desired behavior.

Token systems

Need for markedly increased amounts Markedly diminished effect of same amount

Tolerance

The differentiation of the mind into unconscious, conscious and preconscious; Freud's concept of the mind's structure as differentiated into 3 levels is such a theory. e.g. Freud's "Mental Iceberg Model"

Topographical theory

-multiple motor and vocal tics -present for at least 1 year -waxing, waning symptom course

Tourette's

Explores ways ct interacts with others

Transactional Analysis

Uses scripts which is used to show client their life, interations between persons are transacted between ego states, three ego states: parent, adult, and child. change is defined by treatment contract that is made between adult and adult ego states

Transactional Analysis

Projection of feelings originally linked to nuclear early life figures onto current objects

Transference

unconscious redirection of a client's feelings for a significant person to the SW.

Transference

unconscious redirection of a clients feelings for a significant person to the SW

Transference

A.over a period of a least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from cross dressing as manifested by ect... B. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in ect...

Transvestic Disorder

Hesitance from substances, maximizing life functioning, preventing or reducing the frequency and severity

Treatment Goals for Substance Dependence

Absitance from substances, maximizing life funcitoning, prevening or reducing the frequency and severity

Treatment Goals for Susbtance Dependence

transactional --Concerns itself with exchanges between people or within an individual as the person enacts different roles.

Treatment approach that attempts to separate ego states into child, adult and parent function is used in ___________ analysis.

...

Treatment for children who have been sexually molested by their father will not include: a. Group treatment with other child sexual abuse victims b. Individual treatment c. Mother-child treatment groups to help the child and mother deal with their anger d. Father-child groups to help with reconciliation

...

Treatment for grief issues are often provided through: a. Psychoanalysis b. Groups focused on grief and loss issues c. Behavioral treatment Intensive case management

least restrictive treatment enviornment that is safe and effective

Treatment settings should be

worker points out how family members work or behavior, talk through others, encourage direct communiation

Triangulation

hair pulling

Trichotillomania

pulling of ones hair

Trichotillomania

Recurrent pulling out of one's hair, resulting in hair loss

Trichotillomania Disorder

precipation ofhyompani in some bipolar clients, with suicidal clients, SSRI's would be safer than TCA's

Triclyclic Antidepressants

precipitation of hypompania in some bipolar clients, with suicidal clients, SSRI's would be safer than TCA's.

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Amitriptyline, Doxepin, Nortriptyline

Tricyclics

Hope: belief that environment will provide for needs - Erikson

Trust v. Mistrust

Infancy; basic trust or mistrust in enviornment and self

Trust. Vs. Mistrust

c. talk to the negative one about the dangers of unprotected sex

Two gay men have been voluntarily admitted to a residential facility. One is HIV+ and one is not. During their stay, they engage in a sexual encounter. How would you respond? a. advise the negative one to have an AIDS test b. tell the positive one about HIV laws c. talk to the negative one about the dangers of unprotected sex d. review the rules of the facility with both

Horizontal & Vertical

Two interventional approaches when working with communities & larger systems are the _______ & ________ approach.

Alfred Adler & Albert Ellis

Two of the early cognitive theorists Alfred ______ & Albert _______.

d. tell the client he'll call him later

Two social workers are in a crowded restaurant when one of the social worker's clients approaches them. What should the social worker do? a. pretend he doesn't know the client b. introduce the client as his friend to the other social worker c. tell the client to leave them alone d. tell the client he'll call him later

Qualitative & Quanitative

Two types of SW Research are?

In-Cash & In-Kind

Two types of Social Services can be delivered of ________ (e.g., unemp benefits, Temp Aid for Needy Fam) or _______ (e.g., Food Stamps).

1) Cash Assistance="Gov. Check" 2) In-Kind Benefits=Tangible items or services 3) Entitlements=Can be either one, but no time limit ex. Social Security.

Types of Social Welfare Programs

Groups centered on a shared problem, counseling groups, activity groups, action groups, self-help groups, natural groups, closed vs open groups, structured groups, crisis groups, reference groups (similar values)

Types of therapy groups

Thoughts, feelings, desires and memories of which clients have no awareness but that influence every aspect of their day-to-day lives

Unconscious (Psychoanalytic Theory)

Means-Tested & Income-Tested

Under Selective Social Welfare Prog's, Prog's are generally _____- ______ or ______-______ in that prog eligibility & the amt of benefits is based on the client's or family's household income level & economic situation.

a person uses words or actions to symbolically reverse or negate unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or actions. i.e. a person compulsively washing hands to deal with thoughts

Undoing

Five

Unlike Freud, Erickson believed personality development continued after the age of _____.

symptoms characteristics of communication disorder that cause clinical significant distress but do not meet the full criteria for communication disorder or for any of the disorders.

Unspecified Communication Disorder

Measuring the true difference in the subject being measured

Validity

Social workers primary goal is to help people in need and address oscial problems,

Value: Service

Direct Questioning

Verbal & Written responses during an assessment are this type of questioning?

INTERVENTION SHOULD ALWAYS BE TO OBTAIN MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR THE VICTIM AND IS THE ONLY TIME YOU REFER Cycle of Abuse 1. Tension building phase 2. Acute battering incident 3. Honeymoon - kind, contrite and loving behavior 4. Repeat Social Exchange Theory - Victim wont leave due to multiple factors not just the relationship

Violence/Cycle of abuse

Experiential Family Therapy -Looked at roles of "the rescuer" or "the placator" that function to constrain relationships and interactions in families. -Uses awareness & communication of feelings to increase intimacy in the family and to improve self esteem of family members. -Emphasis placed on changing verbal & non-verbal communication patterns that lower self-esteem.

Virginia Satir

A. Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity B. Individual has acted on these urges with a non-consenting person or cause distress C. At least 18 years old

Voyeuristic Disorder

wechsler adult intellgience scale

WAIS

weschler intelligence scale for children

WISC

...

Watch class video about sexual orientation- coming out

PDA, own property, get married, don't get questions about why their parent live together, gets benefits from government and institutions, can feel welcome and normal in public

What are some examples of heterosexual privilege?

Divorce and separation, single parenting, step parenting, addiction/drug abuse, spouse/partner abuse, child maltreatment

What are some issues families face?

Generalizations about behaviors, or beliefs we hold about certain groups

What are stereotypes?

Id, Ego, & Superego

What are the 3 Structural Personality Developmental stages?

-Need to Know -Legitimate Research -Legitimate Law-enforcement -Court order/subpoena -Emergency situations

What are the exceptions to the Federal Privacy Act of 1974?

b. The social work privilege is not absolute and the worker may be required to testify if ordered to do so by the judge

When testifying in court, a social worker is asked specific questions concerning his client, who is a defendant in a criminal case. What concept should guide the social worker: a. The social worker has social work privilege and cannot be asked to provide confidential case information. b. The social work privilege is not absolute and the worker may be required to testify if ordered to do so by the judge. c. The Code of Ethics requires that the worker refuse to testify. d. Agency policy requires the worker to maintain absolute confidentiality

Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management

When the group has an intimidating "leader", the social worker should ask the group how they feel about the leaders comments.

Professional Ethics & Values

When there is a suspected disparity in the workplace, it must be objectively investigated before any other actions can take place. (ex: initiate a salary survey)

During the Progressive Era, the 1800's

When was the Social Work Profession Born?

d. Native American

When working with a client from a _________________ background, it is best to avoid direct eye contact: a. African American b. Asian c. Caucasian d. Native American

Socialization

Where do we learn prejudice and stereotypes?

Emotional abuse/neglect

Which is the category of neglecting parent that has lost energy, both physically and emotionally, to relate to children?

d. List your previous employment

Which of the below questions is not evidence of discrimination in a job interview or job application process: a. Please send a photograph with the application b. What is your birthdate? c. What is your husband's occupation? d. List your previous employment

b. Privilege

Which of the following is an issue that lawmakers may need to decide? a. Anonymity b. Privilege c. Confidentiality d. Self-determination

d. emotional abuse

Which of the following is most difficult to indentify in a pre-school age child? a. physical neglect b. physical abuse c. sexual abuse d. emotional abuse

reviewing the mission statement to be sur ethat they reflect the agency's values

a social wor agency is planning on developing its strategic plan for hte next five years. hgow should they start this process?

Structural functionalist perspective from the Sociological theory

Which theory believes poverty serves economic, social, cultural, and political functions?

a. a recent parental divorce

While many variables affect suicidality among teenagers, which item below has been a particularly powerful predictor: a. a recent parental divorce b. a transfer to a new school c. a history of occasional drug use d. a change in family economic status

Males

Who is privileged in sexism?

Those who are Christian are rewarded with status and power. Christian privilege is unseen to those who are Christian. Religious privilege is obvious to those who profess no faith or whose faith is other than Christian. Minority religious groups may feel oppressed or discriminated against.

Who is religious privilege is obvious to?

a. A young, single mother who drinks

Who would be most at risk for abusing his/her children? a. A young, single mother who drinks b. a man with a history of impulsive behavior c. a woman who often gets angry with her teenage son d. a woman who was raised in homeless shelters.

Influence values

Why is religion important to social work?

a. Assess her needs and decide whether or not to disclose her secret to other staff members

You are a social worker in an inpatient psychiatric facility. A female patient tells you a secret and asks you not to share it with others. You should: a. Assess her needs and decide whether or not to disclose her secret to other staff members b. Disclose her secret to other staff members and her therapy group and tell the client when you do this c. Discuss the case with a supervisor d. Tell the client you will honor her wishes

a. Tell them you will need to speak with the child's parents

You are a social worker practicing in a rural town. One of the local agencies asks you to test a child for ADHD. You would: a. Tell them you will need to speak with the child's parents b. Test the child c. Tell them you would need to speak with the school d. Refuse

c. Group members communicate through the social worker and ignore one another

You are beginning a group for parents and their teenage children. From your experiences with new groups, you know that there is an expected communication style among members in the early stages of groups. Typically, which of the following occurs: a. Group members are hostile toward the social worker b. Group members interact with one another and more or less ignore the social worker c. Group members communicate through the social worker and ignore one another d. Cliques develop within the group

a. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

You are seeing a Somali woman who has been in the U.S. for one year. She has been experiencing nightmares, difficulties in her personal relationships, inability to sleep, and difficulty concentrating, and her affect is flat. What might you suspect for a diagnosis? a. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder b. Alcohol Abuse c. Depression d. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

a. To identify family history of this disease

You are working with a client who exhibits some symptoms of alcohol abuse but denies that he has a problem. You decide to complete a genogram with your client. In this case, what would be the purpose of doing a genogram? a. To identify family history of this disease b. To check the client's long term memory c. To determine the client's current support system d. To determine personality characteristics of the client's family

a. end treatment with the client

You decide that one of your clients could be best helped by a treatment intervention that is outside your scope of practice. What would you do? a. end treatment with the client b. seek consultation c. tell the client you are not familiar with the needed intervention d. get training in this intervention

b. tell the client and refer him to another social worker

You have been seeing a client for a while when you discover you are dating his brother. What should you do? a. end the relationship with the boyfriend b. tell the client and refer him to another social worker c. tell the client and let him decide what he wants to do d. don't tell the client

b. report elder abuse

You have been seeing an elderly couple for one month. The 70 year old husband recently had a stroke. The wife tells you that sometimes he hits her. She rolls up her sleeve and shows you large bruises. You should: a. consider that the stroke caused his violence b. report elder abuse c. refer the couple to a doctor before reporting abuse d. call adult protective services and ask if you should file a report

d. Explore what happened in the last session

You have been working with a client for five months. At the end of a session, the client begins crying and says with a great deal of emotion that you have helped him a lot. During the next meeting, the client is quiet, seems embarrassed, and refuses to talk about his feelings. You should: a. Respect the client's right to self-determination b. Work through his transference c. Talk about your feelings d. Explore what happened in the last session

c. Refer the ex-wife to another social worker

You receive a call from a woman who is the ex-wife of a client you are currently working with. The woman wants to set up an appointment with you. You should: a. Set up an appointment with her without telling your client you have done so b. Set up a conjoint appointment with the ex-wife and client c. Refer the ex-wife to another social worker d. Tell the ex-wife that you cannot see her because you are already treating her ex-husband

a. positive reinforcement

You receive a phone call from clients who have a child who is refusing to shower. They report the child cries when they attempt to get him to shower, and when they back away and leave him alone, he stops crying. This is an example of: a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. modeling

d. the structure and format of the group

Your 17 year old client is demonstrating behavioral problems and considerable anger. You consider referring him for group therapy. Your main concern should be: a. the education of the group leader b. the experience of the group leader c. whether the group is heterogeneous or homogeneous d. the structure and format of the group

d. Refuse this request

Your 19 year old client's parents want information from you about their son. Do you: a. Get a release of information from your client in order to talk to the parents b. Ask the parents to join you and your client in a session c. Call the parents to discuss this request d. Refuse this request

c. Refer your client to a group for men whose partners have been assaulted

Your client is a man whose wife was raped. He reports feeling overwhelmed and confused, wanting to be supportive but also feeling sexually distant from his wife. She is in treatment with another therapist. Your best treatment plan would be: a. Call the wife's therapist to consult and coordinate treatment b. Bring the wife into counseling with you and her husband c. Refer your client to a group for men whose partners have been assaulted d. Normalize your client's feelings and continue individual counseling

The program must begin with 0 budget allocation (spend it)

Zero-Based Budgeting

WISC-R

__ is an eamle of a child intelligent test

WAIS

__ is an example of an intelligence test foor adults

MMPI

__ is apersonality test

persistent depressive disorder (longer lasting depression but with less severe symptoms)

___ is another term for dysthymia

Punishment

_____ is defined as the presentation of an unpleasant or undesired event following a behavior in order to decrease its occurrence.

Adaptation & Goodness of Fit

_____ is the reciprocal process by which the individual and their environment change and adapt to one another in order to achieve _____ of _____?

Reinforcers

________ are defined as the presentation of a positive or negative stimulus following a behavior in order to increase the probability of its occurrence.

assess for exposure to other forms of sexually explicit material

a child was reported talking to peers about sexually explicit stuff; they ruled out direct sexual abuse; what shuld the social worker do next?

help the child express pereptionsa bout what happened?

a child witnesses her father get murdered; wahts the first thing the social worker should do?

the assisgnment of a code to the client by the health dept without the use of names

a client asks a social wokrer about an anonymous HIV test; the social worker explains that an anonymous HIV test is what?

ask if she has plan

a client calls a social worker and tells her htat she's depressed and wants to kill herself. whats the FIRST thing the social worker sohould do?

ask the client to seek medical consultation (have to rue out medical etiology)

a client has several sypmtoms of depression and also several somaticc compliants, e.g., headaches, neck pain, etc... what is the FIRST step that the SW should take

help client make an appeal to the public housing settlement through the house's designated proces

a client is being evicted from ublic housing; whats the FIRST thing teh soical worker should do to help?

he signs a release form for EVERY agency and hospital that sends his info q

a client's information from SEVERAL agency;s and hospitals needs to be given to his new treatment center; how should this go down?

c. refer the son to another social worker

a man who lives in your neighborhood phones you expressing concerns about his son's conduct at school. The boy has skipped classes and his grades have declined this year. You and the man have several friends in common and you see him frequently at parties. The man asks if you would see his son for therapy. Your best course of action is to: a. see the son for therapy after you clarify issues of confidentiality with his parents b. see the son once to assess his needs and then refer him to another social worker c. refer the son to another social worker d. agree to see the son for therapy

c. Experience chronic depression on most days for two years or longer

a patient experiencing dysthymic disorder will: a. Vividly describe hallucinations that began at least three months ago b. Have associated eating disorders that began at least six months ago c. Experience chronic depression on most days for two years or longer d. Probably be drug dependent

arrange for the paretns to receive medical check ups

a rural familys parents are having several medical symptoms but are uninsured, what shoud teh social worer do first?

offer to create a support group for teh students

a school counselor contacts a socal worker at a comunity center and tells aout several students who are having trouble coping with parents' emntal illnesses; wahts the BEST response of the social worker?

a. discuss the issue with the nurse

a social worker discovers that a nurse is giving more pain medication to a patient than the doctor has prescribed. What should the social worker do? a. discuss the issue with the nurse b. report the nurse immediately to the medical board c. immediately tell the nurse's supervisor d. tell the doctor

research the hisotircal problems that led to the policies

a social worker is asked to analyze new social welfare policies that will affect the community. what is the FIRST step in this rocess?.

institutionalized approach

a social worker is working at a senior health center run by the government that is open to ALL seniors; what is this APPROACH to the provision of services called?

a framework for analyzing problems

a systems approach in social work therapy can be most accurately desribed as what?

explore the boys fears about telling ihs parents

a teenage boy tells the school social worker about his inteimate relationsip wit another boy bt says that he doesnt want the SW to share that wiht his parents; wahts the BEST response to this disclsure?

The idea that if you ask people an affirming question, they tend to go with it. You can bias your results based on the way you word your question.

acquiescent response set

not chronic

acute

lack of movement

akinesia

fear of pain

algophobia

sharing of strengths and help others, which boosts self-esteem and confidence

altruism

a method or processing information that compares the similarities between new and understood concepts, then uses those similarities to gain understanding of the new concept.

analogous reasoning

emphasizes the primary importance of the individual psyche and the personal quest for wholeness

analytic psychology/ jungian psychology

loss of strength and energy

anergia

loss of interest/pleasure

anhedonia

an arrangement that makes it impossible for a researcher to link any research data with a given research participant. Distinguished from confidentiality, in which the researcher is able to identify a given person's responses but essentially promises not to do so publicly.

anonymity

MAO inhibitors are a class of ________________.

antidepressants

Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Celexa, Lexapro are anti_________.

antidepressants (SSRIs)

Haldol, Thorazine, Clozaril, Risperdal, Seroquel, Abilify, Zyprexa are anti________.

antipsychotics

marked lack of interest or motivation

apathy

inability to produce language

aphasia

fear of being touched

aphephobia

inability to speak or produce normal speech

aphonia

replace all of community cultures of the original community

assimilation

muscle incoordination

atazia

lack of initiative especially for goal directed activity

avolition

Nardil, Parnate, and Marplan are ____________. a) tricyclic antidepressants b) MAO inhibitors c) SSRIs d) Benzodiazepines

b) MAO Inhibitors

The developmental stage where children are extremely concerned w/absolutes is _______. a) middle latency b) early latency c) late latency d) phallic stage

b) early latency --Pre-operational; thinking is conceptual and reality based.

The most significant and pervasive indicator of alcoholism is _____________.

blackouts

interruption of communication before a thought or idea has been completed

blocking

reduction in affect

blunting

2 or more conditions

comorbid

related to psychosis. detached from reality, move slowly, stiff, statue like.

catatonic

one event brings about the other ( A---->B )

causation

long peristing

chronic

a study in which some specific group is studied over time, although data may be collected from different members in each set of observations. For example, a study of the professional careers of students earning their social work degrees in 1990, in which questionairs were sent out every five years would be this type of study; Look @ different people w common characteristics @ diff points.

cohort studies

reassurance, acceptance, encouragement

examples of sustaining procedures are __

the reports of observations of variables

data

after the study, the researcher reveals any deception, the hypothesis of the study, and the possible implications of the study; Can be harmful.

debriefing

comments that could harm ct. not true comments

defamatory

acute, organically caused brain d/o. confusion altered consciousness

delirium

fixed, false belief not ordinarily accepted by other members of an individuals culture.

delusions

organically caused mental d/o- loss of previously held mental abilities

dementia

the variable that is assumed to depend on, or be caused by, another (called the independent variable) if you find that income is partly a function of amount of formal education, then income is being treated as a dependent variable.; affected by the independent

dependent variables

a safe, supportive place to practice new behaviors

development of socialization technique

chronic, severe persistent irritability/ severe recurrent temper outburst (verbal or behavioral) out of proportion

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

movement d/o involving involuntary muscle contractions

dyskinesia

impaired ability to created or understand sounds

dysphonia

feeling hopeless, uncomfortable, unhappy

dysphoria

In Piaget's ___________ stage, the child has developed some ability for symbolic thinking but lacks the capacity to think conceptually.

early latency/pre-operational thinking (ages 6-7)

erroneously drawing conclusions about individuals based solely on the observations of groups

ecological fallacy

Perception, motility, and memory are considered ______ functions. According to Hartmann, these abilities are present at birth and are in the ____________, the infant's innate constitution.

ego, "conflict-free sphere"

thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are unacceptable to the individual, thereby causing great internal conflict. i.e. someone with OCD- they see their problem as an issue.

egodystonic

consistent about ones self image.- deny they have a problem. i.e. someone with a personality disorder

egosyntonic

severe symptoms that are caused by a biochemical imbalance

endogenous

normal non-depressed reasonably positive mood.

euthymia

a variable whose values are not problematical in an analysis but are taken as simply given. It's presumed to cause or explain a dependent variable if we discover that religiosity is partly a function for gender-women are more religious than men- gender is the independent variable and religiosity is the dependent variable. Note that any given variable might be treated as independent in one part of the analysis and dependent in another part. Religiosity might become an independent variable in the explanation of crime.; the cause of something

independent variables

According to Erikson, the psychosocial developmental stage related to a child's school performance is _______________________.

industry vs. inferiority (ages 6-11) --Child develops mastery over physical objects, self, social transactions, ideas, and concepts.

-participants must know they are participating in the study, know the risks, and consent. Consent can be withdrawn at any time.

informed consent

an independent panel of professionals that is required to approve the ethics of research involving human subjects

institutional review board (IRB)

the extent of consistency among different observers in their judgements, as reflected in the percentage of agreement or degree of correlation in their independent ratings.; if 2 observations are too different, they call in a 3rd person.

inter-rater reliability

a practical and commonly used approach to assessing reliability that examines the homogeneity of a measurement instrument by dividing the instrument into equivalent halves and then calculating the correlation of the score of the two halves.

internal consistency reliability

Erikson's _______ stage is the stage when the developmental task is to establish interpersonal intimacy.

intimacy vs isolation (early to late 20s)

rapidly shifting/unstable

labile

interest in making friends

latency

A clear delineation of the superego as a psychic structure occurs during the ________ stage.

latency stage --The latency stage is characterized by the sublimation of the oedipal stage; a necessary precursor to the development of the superego.

researchers should seek "objective" scientific methodology to measure scientific phenomena, emphasizing observable properties of material things that can be subjected to experimental methods.

logical empiricism

study design that involves the collection of data at different points in time, as contrasted w a cross-sectional study

longitudinal

a period of 2-week and a change from previous functioning; at least 1 of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure from nearly all activities

major depressive disorder

process of engaging in manipulative behavior in order to gain or avoid something

malingering

psychological safety love/belonging esteem self actualization

maslows hierarchy of needs

(or intervening variables) the mechanism by which an independent variable affects a dependent variable.; factors that are positioned btw the I and D variables but do not affect the relationship between them.

mediating variables

a means of measuring or studying the social world

methods

a variable that influences the strength or direction of a relationship between independent and dependent variables.; Variables are factors that affect the relationship btw the I and D variables.

moderating variables

a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases in value as the other variable decreases. For example: level of utilization of community-based aftercare and services and re-hospitalization rates.

negative relationship

24-38 months can substitute internal image during absence.

object constancy

recurrent, senseless ideas, impulses thoughts and images that are ego dystonic

obsessions

recurrent, senseless ideas, impulses, thoughts, and images that are ego-dystonic

obsessions

one step beyond conceptualization. it's the process of developing operational definitions.

operationalization

examines the same people at different points.

panel studies

viewing world w limited exposure

paraochialism

Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years

persistent depressive disorder

a relationship between two variables that are no longer related when a third variable is controlled; the third variable explains away the original relationship. Thus, the relationship between number of storks and number of human births in geographic areas is spurious because it is explained away by the fact that areas with more humans are more likely to have a zoo or larger zoo.; correlated but not causal.

spurious correlation

(1) Formulate a question to answer practice needs (2) search for the evidence (3) critically appraise the relevant studies you find (4) determine which evidence-based intervention is most appropriate for your particular client(s) (5) apply the evidence-based intervention (6) evaluation and feedback

stages of evidence based practice

Cocaine is a _________.

stimulant

Taken in larger amounts or over a longer period Unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use Great deal of time to obtain or recover Craving Failure to fulfill major obligations Continuing to use Important activities given up or reduced Using in situations in which it is physically hazardous Continue to use despite knowledge of having physical or psychological problems

substance use disorder

According to Mahler, the stage during which the child has a sense of the mother as a separate person is ____________.

symbiosis --Child beginning to recognize the mother as a separate entity in the symbiotic stage (1-5 mo); infant breaking out of autistic shell; recognizing self as separate. --Stranger anxiety at about 6 months of age.

an error in measurement with a consistent pattern of effects. For example: when child welfare workers ask abusive parents whether they have been abusing their children, they may get biased answers that are consistently untrue because parents do not want to admit to abusive behavior. contrast this to random error, which has no consistent pattern of effects.

systematic error

circular-begins by assuming the very thing that is meant to be proven by the argument itself.

tautological reasoning

reduce duration of problems by reducing negative after effects (drug rehabs).

tertiary prevention

consistency, or stability, of measurement over time.

test-retest reliability

magical thinking

the belief that one's THOUGHTS alone can result in the accomplishment of certain wishes is called what?

thought broadcasting

the belief that others can hear or are aware of ones thoughts is called what?

an approach to inquiry that attempts to safe-guard against errors commonly made in casual human inquiry. chief features include viewing all knowledge as provisional and subject to refutation, searching for evidence based on systematic and comprehensive observation, pursuing objectivity in observation, and replication

the scientific method

a systematic set of interrelated statements intended to explain some aspect of social life or enrich our sense of how people conduct and find meaning in their daily lives

theory

-obtain endorsement from community leaders, community confidentiality, employ local community members as research staff, provide adequate compensation, alleviate transportation and child care barriers, choose a sensitive and accessible setting, use and train culturally competent interviewers, use bilingual staff, understanding cultural factors influencing participation, connect w/ nurture referral sources, use anchor points

tips for recruiting often marginalized groups for participation in research

Treatment approach that attempts to separate ego states into child, adult and parent function is used in ___________ analysis.

transactional --Concerns itself with exchanges between people or within an individual as the person enacts different roles.

Barbiturates are never used to _____________.

treat severe depression. --Barbiturates are a class of drugs which induce a hypnotic or sedative effect.

examine general population over time

trend studies

the use of more than one imperfect data-collection alternative in which each option is vulnerable to different potential sources of error. For example, instead of relying exclusively on a client's self-report of how often a particular target behavior occurred during a specific period, a significant other (teacher, cottage parent, and so on) is asked to monitor the behavior as well. ; more than one way of measuring the same thing (can't reduce random error, can reduce systematic error)

triangulation

Antidepressants such as Tofranil and Elavil are part of a group of medications known as ________________.

tricyclics --Not commonly used now due to cardiac monitoring issues.

is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges and memories, outside of our conscious awareness. unaware

unconcious

the "what" or "whom" being studied. In social science research, the most typical ones are individual people

units of analysis

helps people see that they are not alone

universality

a descriptive term used of a measure that accurately reflects the concept that it's intended to measure. For example: Your IQ would seem a more valid measure of your intelligence than would the number of hours you spend in the library. Realize that the ultimate validity of a measure can never be proven, but we may still agree to its relative validity, content validity, construct validity, internal, and external validity. This must not be confused with reliability.

validity

logical groupings of attributes. the variable "gender" contains the attributes "male" and "female"; a characteristic, attitude, behavior, or event that can take 2 or more values.; concept with more than one attribute

variables

No one should be forced to participate

voluntary participation

General Systems Theory

von Bertalanffy

avoid people who don't have freedom to decline participation- delinquents, etc.

vulnerable populations

industry versus inferiority (occurs between ages 6 and 12)

what is the normal developmental crsis tat a child has to resolve during middle chcildhood?

family reunificationq

what is the prpeferred goal for permanency planning?

ask them to come in to discsus their decision

what should a social worker do if a client who has come in several times tells them they want to terminate services/

quasi-experimental

what si teh MOST practical research design for conducting an agency program evaluation?

sleeplessness (NOT genralized hallucinations, flights of thought or perseveration!)q

whats a common symptom of bereavement

collateral

when someone has been abused and a social worker interviews people who may have seen or heard the abuse these peopel are caled what?

Social work research seeks to give the field the information it needs to alleviate human suffering and promote social welfare.

why i should study research methods

because it contradicts behavioral expectations in prison culture

why is it likely that clients in a prison setting may be less likely to share their intimate thoughts and feelings in a group therapy?

ask the superisee if frequent practie dillemas occur with certain client GROUPs

you think tat there may be issues with a supervisee who is according to case records providing service inequities to certian clients; what would allow the supervisor to BEST determine wheter this is actually happening?