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Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
"Enmeshed" applies to unhealthy relationships in which there is confusion regarding roles and the individuals involved have difficulty functioning independently.
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
"Family secrets" is a well recognized concept in family therapy theory.
Naming a person before a diagnosis as to not define them by a trait Ex. Disabled
"People First Language"
Substitute Family or Foster Care
"Placing Out" in the Early 1900's
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
"Projective Identification" is used by clients with borderline personality disorder.
Erich Lindemann
"Symptomatology and Management of Acute Grief" --acute grief following traumatic loss. e.g. Cocoanut Grove fire
Anaclitic depression
(Rene Spitz) Severe prolonged depression (grief reaction) in infants following a loss or separation from someone whom child is dependent (mother).
Separation Anxiety Disorder Selective Mutism Specific Phobia Social Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Agoraphobia Generalized Anxiety Disorder
*Anxiety Disorders
Bipolar I Bipolar II Cyclothymic Disorder
*Bipolar and Related Disorders
Language Disorder Speech Sound Disorder Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Unspecified Communication Disorder
*Communications Disorders
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Major Depressive Disorder Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
*Depressive Disorders
appearance and behavior speech emotion- mood and affect perception-hallucination and illusion thought-content and process insight cognition
ASEPTIC
Mastery-Competence
Ability to Successfully interact with the environment is called?
Integrative or Synthetic Functioning
Ability to hold inconsistencies about situation/person within self is called?
Motility
Ability to move spontaneously and actively, consuming energy in the process.
Defensive Functioning (Defenses)
Ability to protect ego maturely (rationalization) or immaturely (denial) is called?
Object Relations
Ability to successfully interact with other people is called?
Object Relations
Ability to successfully interact with others is called?
- Clients are the Owner of the file - Treatment to minors - Subpeonas
Access to Records
Competency: learning to do things well based on standards and comparison to others. Taming the imagination learning social skills - Erikson
Accomplishment v. Inferiority
Before & After
According Alert bandura, all behaviors are learned & can be changed by alerting the events that occur _____ & _____ the target behavior.
Feelings & Thoughts
According to Cognitive theory, an individual's _____ & _____ are the principal determinants of her/his behavior.
industry vs. inferiority (ages 6-11) --Child develops mastery over physical objects, self, social transactions, ideas, and concepts.
According to Erikson, the psychosocial developmental stage related to a child's school performance is _______________________.
symbiosis --Child beginning to recognize the mother as a separate entity in the symbiotic stage (1-5 mo); infant breaking out of autistic shell; recognizing self as separate. --Stranger anxiety at about 6 months of age.
According to Mahler, the stage during which the child has a sense of the mother as a separate person is ____________.
Response & Stimulus
According to Pavlov, behaviors are a _______ to or result of some environmental event or ________.
Adaptation
According to Piaget individual learning is through the process of ______ or the reciprocal exchange between an individual and her/his environment.
Unconscious Dreams, Desires, Defenses, & Wishes
According to Psychoanalytic Theory behaviors & thoughts are driven by WHAT unconscious forces, motives, & drives?
Positive & Negative
According to Skinner all Behaviors can be elicited or eliminated through ______ or _____ reinforcement.
Antecedent & Consequence
According to Social Learning Theory, a Behavior can be changed by manipulating & alerting the ________ & ________.
Interralated
According to Systems theory a basic premise is that individuals and their situation are _______?
a more give and take model where one culture changes by incorporating elements of another and the end results in a new culture that contains both cultures
Acculturation
adopt cultural aspects but still retain tradition/customs of origin.
Acculturation
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Acknowledging a client's feeling is the first step in establishing a therapeutic relationship.
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Acknowledging a client's feeling is the first step in making the client feel more comfortable.
amount of physical motion exhibited during the day - Temperament
Activity level
Involuntary muscle spasms or tightening of mouth, jaw, and face, or eyes
Acute Dystonic reactions
Involuntary muscle spasms or tightening of mouth, jaw, and face, or eyes.
Acute Dystonic reactions
Development of characteristic symptoms lasting from 3 days to 1 month following exposure to one or more traumatic events.
Acute Stress Disorder
When symptoms occur 3 days to 1 month after the traumatic event. Most go on to be diagnosed with PTSD.
Acute Stress Disorder
ease of changing behavior in socially desirable ways - Temperament
Adaptability
Medicare-health coverage for senior citizens Medicaid-health coverage for low-income
Additions to the Security Act of 1935
The development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor(s) occurring within 3 months of the onset of the stressor(s).
Adjustment Disorders
Alfred Adler, Striving to overcome inadequacy of feelings. Inferiority Complex Goal- Help contribute to the welfare of others.
Adlerian/Individual Psychology
Types: - Typical (Haldol, Thorazine, Prolixin) Side effects - Tardive Dyskinesia - Atypical (Clozapine or Clozaril, Risperidone, Zyprexa) Side Effects - (clozorail) - Arganulocytosis - Need for white blood cell monitoring Uses: - Treatment for Psychotic symptoms
Antipsychotic drugs
haloperidol; trifluoperazine; fluphenazine; chlorpromazine; thioridazine
Antipsychotic; 1st Generation (Typical)
(aripiprazole); (clozapine);(olanzapine); (paliperidone); (quetiapine); (risperidone); (ziprasidone)
Antipsychotic; 2nd Generation (Atypical)
1. not compliant with social norms 2. social predator 3. lack of conscience, empathy, remorse 4. deceitfulness 5. impulsive 6. irritable/aggressive 7. irresponsible
Antisocial Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years; The individual is at least age 18 years; evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15 years
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Impulsive, irresponsible, callous, history of legal difficulties, aggressive, violent, no respect for others, must have conduct disorder as a child in order to be diagnosed with APD as adult
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Impulsive, irresponsible, calluos, history of legal difficulties, aggressive, violent, no respect for others, must have conduct disordder as a child in order to be diagnosed with APD as adult
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Ativan (Lorazepam)
Anxiety Disorders
Klonopin (Clonazepam)
Anxiety Disorders
Valium (Diazepam)
Anxiety Disorders
Xanax (Alprazolam)
Anxiety Disorders
Benzodiazepines include Valium, Ativan, useful for releif of symptoms, relapse can occur after stop, impaired muslce coodination and impairment of short term memory, can be used as hypnotics
Anxiety Drugs
Benzodiazepines include Valium, Ativan. Useful for relief of symptoms, relapse can occur after stopping. Impaired muscle coordination, short term memory, can be used as hypnotics. Antihistamines also often used to tx anxiety (esp social anxiety). Beta-Blockers (propanolol, eg) for public speaking.
Anxiety Drugs
Agoraphobia
Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing is which type of Anxiety D/O?
Confidentiality
Any SW who receives or is privy to receiving client information is bound by this NASW ethical principle?
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Any changes that could result in reduced availability or denial of services to clients must be carefully considered before implementation.
Get the child to school
Any question that asks about parent-child/school issues, answer is always:
Professional Ethics & Values
Any time a social worker has contact with a client in two different contexts a dual relationship exists.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Arrange for a mental status assessment when clients exhibit self care failure and lack understanding of consequences.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Ask clients to describe the contents of their thoughts.
-Having an obsessive interest in a single object or topic -Tend to have good vocabs, grammar skills -Usually have other language problems - being overly literal, trouble with non-verbal communications -May include: obsessive/repetitive routines or rituals, motor skills problems, social skills problems, sensitivity to sensory information
Asperger's
no clinically significant delays in language, development, self help, curiosity, or adaptive behavior except that they are several impaired in social interactions, have extremely repetitive behavior and activities
Asperger's
no clinically significant delays in language, development, self help, curiousity, or adaptive behavior excepf that they are several impared in social interactions have extremely repetitive behavior and activities
Asperger's
(form of CBT) Promote positive self-esteem by helping ct become aware of personal rights.
Assertivness Traning
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Assess the client's stage of change when they're resistant to discussing certain things (ex: abstinence from alcohol)
- Strengths and needs of the person - situation complex - Individuals' needs are different during the lifespan and socialworkers can assisy with life challanges - Opportunities and growth during all phases of life are possible - Know the components of the biopsychosocial assesment
Assessing
A perosn who has been depressed and suddently becomes happier may be at higher risk of commiting suicide because they have decide to commit, great risk after being discharged from hospital and after starting on atnidepressents
Assessing for Suicide
Biggest predictor of future attempt is hx of attempt(s). Severe hopelessness indicates strong potential for suicide. Warnings: giving things away, dramatic increase in mood, taking care of legal issues, having plan/composing note. Assess: Risk/protective factors, how thought-out plan, accessibility of means, best safety plan
Assessing for Suicide
Identify needs Assess strengths Collect important information Engage client by setting goals
Assessment
True
Assessment begins on the 1st day of Treatment & continues throughout treatment: True or False
Treatment
Assessment phase is usually considered the 1st part of _____?
Culturally diverse groups would become americanized and come to conform to the anglo-saxon culture
Assimilation
Pre-operational
At this stage the child begins to us symbols (i.e., learning language, drawing, etc...)
Concrete Operational
At this stage the child begins to use symbols logically and learn Conservation of Substance
0-3 month, normal autism, alert inactivity
Attatchment Phase
2-6 Months, normal symbiosis, no differntiation between self and other
Attatchment Phase II
Rationalization
Attempting to provide a logical and rational explanation for something or situation to avoid guilt or shame is called?
1.Infants and toddlers 0-3 Physical - growth at rapid rate Mental - learns through senses Social-emotional - seeks to build trust, dependent, seeking self Young children 4-6 Physical - grows at a slower rate, improve motor skills, ex. dressing self and toilet trained Mental - begins to use symbols, improve memory, vivid imagination, ex. loves stories Social-emotional - identifies parent, more independent, ex. sensitive to others feelings. Older children 7-12 Physical - Mental - Social-emotional -
Child behavior and development
test of stat sig that measures differences between observced frequenceies and expected frequencies due to chance, less than .05 is significant
Chi Square
-Test of stat significance, measures difference between observed frequencies and expected frequencies due to chance, less than .05 is significant. -Ex: Determining if there is difference in littering by gender. No difference=Null Hypothesis. Observe, then measure difference between what's observed and expected frequencies based on null hypoth (no difference).
Chi-Square Test
Report "reasonable suspicion" even if your supervisor is against it, REGARDLESS of cultural background Discuss the need for mandatory reporting and report even in the past "Munchausen by proxy" Syndrom is a form of child abuse Let the child set the pace of treatment
Child Abuse
It required states to create an agency to investiage allegations of abuse, create a reporting system and pass a law protecting children from abuse
Child Abuse Prevention Act
Reduction in Institutional care and Increase in Foster Care, because theories developed on keeping families together.
Child Welfare System in 1940's and 50's
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Clients should be treated in the least restrictive environment, but ensuring the safety of clients and the community.
A system that uses up its energy and dies
Closed System
e.g. families that are isolated and resistant to outside influence - General systems theory
Closed System
different action from othe antipsychotics: increased saliva production, sedation, weight gain, increased risk of seizuers. require weekly blood monitoring, helpful for treatment resistent clients and tardive dyskinesia
Clozapine (Clozaril)
different action from other antipsychotics: increased saliva production, sedation, weight gain, increased risk of seizuers. require weekly blood monitoring, helpful for treatment resistent clients and those who experience tardive dyskinesia.
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Odd or eccentric, paranoid Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal
Cluster A Personality Disorders
- Physical malfunctioing (motor or sensory) - lack physical/organic pathology - lack awareness/insight - symptoms may temporarily remit
Conversion Disorder
Condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system (neurologic) symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation. After stressful experience, may be due to psychological conflict
Conversion Disorder
Loss of function or sysmpts and deficits that affect voluntary motor function, client does not produce or control voluntarily
Conversion Disorder
One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function.
Conversion Disorder
e.g. thinking, planning, decision making, constructing, sorting, sharing info, meeting in groups, discussing - General systems theory
Conversion operations
- Cost benifit ratio determined - What are the costs of the progrand and what are the benifits
Cost Benefit
defined as redirection of a social workers feelings toward client
Countertransference
defined as redirection of a social workers feelings toward client. Emotional Entanglement.
Countertransference
Here and now, high levels of activity from clinician, sets specific goals and tasks in order to increase the clients sense of mastery
Crisis Intervention
self awareness about one's attitudes, values, and beliefs about cultural differences, and a willingness to acknowledge racial/cultural differences are critical factors for the SW
Critical factors for Diverse populations
Ruled Out & Diagnosed
Culture Bound Syndromes should always be _____ _____ first & should NOT be _____.
Ruled-out & Diagnosed
Culture Bound syndromes should always be _____ _____ first & should NEVER be _____.
Values & Beliefs
Culture bound syndromes are symptoms that look like characteristics of a mental disorder but are actually related to certain _____ & _____ of the individual's culture.
locally-specified patterns or aberrant behavior and troubling experience that may or may not be linked to a particular DSM diagnoses
Culture-bound syndromes
For at least 2 years there have been numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode.
Cyclothymic Disorder
hypomanic and not as depressed (not too high, not too low)
Cyclothymic Disorder
- The impact, result, or effect - The outcome variable that has been affected by the independent variable (the "then" Variable)
Dependent Variable (Research Variables)
Types: - Benzodiazepines (Klonopine, Xanax, Librium, Valium, Ativan) - Barbiturates Uses: - Panic Disorder - OCD - Generalized Anxiety Disorder Side effects: Benzo and Barbituates - potential abuse
Drugs To Treat Anxiety
A person who has a dual diagnosis or coexisting disorder has both a substance abuse diagnosis and a psychiatric disorder, more resistant to treatment, greater levels of denial, require substance abuse AND mental health treatment
Dual Diagnosis
A person who has a dual diagnsosi or coexisting disorder has both a substance abuse problems and a psychiatric disorder, more resistant to treatment, greater levels of denial, require susbtance abuse and mental health treatment
Dual Diagnosis
Professional Ethics & Values
During an involuntary admission to a psychiatric unit, clients can refuse treatment but not leave the hospital.
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
During couples counseling, the social worker should help client respond to compliments.
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
During family therapy, individuals (even adolescents) should be given an opportunity to respond to thoughts and feelings of others.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
During short term therapy, a social worker should use confrontation to attempt to address issues.
Oedipus Complex
During the Phallic Stage, a boy becomes jealous of his father & competes w/ him for his mother's affection, attention & love. What does Freud refer to this as?
Intimacy
During this stage of group development members form bonds, feel closer to one another and begin to appreciate the similarities in their respective issues and problems.
Power & Control
During this stage of group development the roles of group members are formed, for instance one or more members take control and assume leadership.
Formal Operational
During this stage the child learns more adult-like or hypothetical thinking.
Differentiation
During this stage, the group members will begin to express their own opinions, behaviors & thoughts.
Separation
During this stage, the group reviews its goals & addresses issues related to loss and termination of the group.
Professional Ethics & Values
Duty to warn provisions necessitate notification of police.
Manages conflict between the id and the constraints of the real world -unconscious, preconscious and conscious -operates according to the reality principle (awareness that gratification of impulses has to be delayed in order to accommodate demands of the real world) - prevents the id from gratifying its impulses in socially inappropriate ways - inability of the ego to reconcile demands of the id, the superego and reality produces conflict that leads to a state of psychic distress aka anxiety
Ego (Psychoanalytic Theory)
behavior dis-n-sync with the ego (guilt)
Ego Dystonic
Wisdom: accepting life as lived and importance of people and relationships - Erikson
Ego Integrity v. Despair
Anna Freud, Erik Erikson- conscious ego, enhances ego control, focus on here and now. Emphasis adult development and ability to solve problems and deal with realities.
Ego Psychology
Heinz Hartman & Adaptation
Ego Psychology was developed by and focuses on?
ability of the ego to efectively deal with the demands of the id, ego and supergo, those with littel ego strenght may feel torn between competing depends while those with too much can become rigid
Ego Strength
ability of the ego to effectively deal with the demands of the id. Ego and supergo, those with little ego strength may feel torn between competing depends while those with too much can become rigid.
Ego Strength
behaviors in sync with ego (no guilt)
Ego Syntonic
Behaviors not in sync with the ego (guilt)
Ego dystonic (Psychoanalytic Theory)
The ability of the ego to effectively deal with the demands of the id, the superego and reality -helps to maintain emotional stability and cope with internal and external stress
Ego strength (Psychoanalytic Theory)
Behaviors in sync with the ego (no guilt)
Ego syntonic (Psychoanalytic Theory)
Counterpart of differentiation, in which it is the tendency for family members to share an emotional response - a result or poor interpersonal boundaries between family members - little room for emotional autonomy
Emotional fusion (Bowenian Family Therapy)
The network of relationships among 3 people - when anxiety is introduced with 2 people, a third party is recruited to reduce overall anxiety
Emotional triangle (Bowenian Family Therapy)
Tendency to fluctuate between moods quickly and without warning
Emotionally Labile
c. understanding what the client is saying
Empathy has been described as an attitude that engages a client in treatment. Which of the following best describes empathy? a. acknowledging what the client is saying b. accepting what the client is saying c. understanding what the client is saying d. judging what the client is saying
b. more severely
Empirical research on diagnostic patterns has historically demonstrated that African Americans with the same symptom presentation as Caucasians will often be diagnosed: a. less severely b. more severely c. the same d. the research is irrelevant
cousleing service for employees who need help with ppersonal problems
Employee Assistance Program
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Employees need recognition and appreciation from their supervisors.
-Repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places voluntary or intentional - least one event occurs each month for at least 3 months -age- 4 years old (at least)
Encopresis Elimination Disorder
From with in, a bio chemical cause
Endogenous Depression
depression caused by biochemical imbalance rather than psychosocial stressors
Endogenous depression
Establishing a relationship and develop trust with a client using empathy or other interpersonal skills.
Engagement
- Working alliance - Hopefulness - Resistance - Confidentiallity
Engaging
Natural decay within a system, eg conflict, chaos
Entropy
no energy from outside, using its own energy and expriing
Entropy
no energy from outside, using up its own energy and expiring
Entropy
Closed, disorganized, stagnant; using up available energy
Entropy (systems theory)
-Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes, whether involuntary or intentional - at least twice a week for at least 3 consecutive months - age is at least 5 years old
Enuresis Elimination Disorder
capacity to receive identical results from different initial conditions. Ie many different means to the same end.
Equifinality
same end (goal) can be achieved through various methods - General systems theory
Equifinality
Arriving at the same end from different beginnings
Equifinality (systems theory)
capacity to receive identical results from different initial condition
Equinfality
8, Trust v Mistrust; Autonomy v Shame/Doubt; Initiative v Guilt; Industry v Inferority; Identity v Role Confusion; Generativity v Stagnation; Ego Intergrity v Depair.
Eric Erickson id's __ discrete Psychosocial stages of development of:
"Symptomatology and Management of Acute Grief" --acute grief following traumatic loss. e.g. Cocoanut Grove fire
Erich Lindemann
The Psychosocial Stages of Development; theory rooted in the bio-psychosocial understanding of development; linking somatic development of the child with the corresponding social + cultural expectations (societal process). **KEY TERM: biopsychosocial**
Erik Erikson
8 stages of development
Erikson
People moved to Suburbia, which caused disconnection from extended family and community. Woman entered workforce. Soldiers returned as heroes receiving GI Bill benefits.
Effects of World War 2
Autonomous Functioning
Efficiency of cognitive process is called?
Autonomous Functioning
Efficiency of cognitive processes is called?
Mediator between Id and external reality
Ego
emerges at approx. 6 months and represents logic and reason; mediates between id and supergo, and reality; reality principle
Ego
- acts as if the person has a physical or mental illness when they really don't and just created symptoms
Factitious
In both, client intentionally produces symptoms but the incentives are different: malingerer fakes or produces symptoms to obtain goal or reward, factitious disorder client produces symptoms due to need to adopt sick role
Factitious Disorder vs. Malingering
Falsification of physical or psychological signs or symptoms, or induction of injury or disease, associated with identified deception.
Factitious Disorder
In both, client intentionally produces symtpoms but the incevenitves are different, malingering fakes or produces sysmptoms to obtain goal or reward, factiious disorder client prodcues symptoms due to need to dopt sick roll
Factituious Disorder vs. Malingering
- group size, homogeneity (similarity of group members), participation in goal and norm setting for group, interdependence (dependent on one another for achievement of common goals), member stability (frequent change in membership results in less cohesiveness
Factors affecting group cohesion
cognitivie discrepency, discrepency of roles
Failure in role complementarity
* Keep Private Children's Roles: Mascot - Charming and funny in times of stress; alleviates pain for some, but not the mascot Family Hero - Achievement outside of the home for self worth and positive recognition for the family Scapegoat Lost Child - takes care of personal problems and avoids trouble - Ignored and lonely
Families With Members Who Are Alcoholics
School must have written consent from the parent or student to release any information from the students record
Family Educational Rights and Privacy
Family as the unit of service. If treating an individual families are part of process, limits to confidentiality like if you are dealing with kids.
Family Intervention
- treats family as a unified whole in which each person is interdependent - social roles and interpersonal interaction are the focus of treatment
Family Therapy
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Family dynamics change over time and social workers should asses for issues related to family transition.
Families tend to preserve familiar organization and communication patterns; resistant to change
Family homeostasis (Strategic Family Therapy)
In order to understand a family system a social worker most look at the family as a whole rather than focusing on its members - causes of behavior are not individual, but interaction among members of the group (interdependence) - all of the parts of the family are interrelated - a healthy family has flexibility, consistent structure and effective exchange of information
Family systems theory
-Personal information was being kept -They have a right to access & can request a copy of their records -That their records were only being used for the purpose for which it was intended
Federal Privacy Act of 1974 requires that agencies inform clients that:
Special form of input; system receives information about its own functioning.
Feedback
when output systems is put back into the symptoms
Feedback
e.g. how many things were produced, how many were defective, evaluations, reviewing outcome - General systems theory
Feedback (internal or external)
developed by Alfred Adler, child xperiences real weakness
Feelings of inferiority
What is a core component of the diagnostic picture of paranoia?
Feelings of persecution
Prejudice
Feelings or thoughts about various minority groups based upon perceived values, normative judgements, and negative inferences or stereotypes about such groups is defined as?
Malingering
Feigning physical or psychological symptoms motivated by the desire to assume the sick role is referred to as?
Malingering
Feigning physical symptoms to gain some external benefits (e.g., disability benefits) is referred to as?
Pregnant women that drink during pregnancy causing developmental changes
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
-persistent and excessive anxiety and worry about various domains, including work and school perforance that the individual finds to control - experiences physical symptoms
Generalized Anxiety
A- excessive anxiety and worry for at least 6 months. B- difficult to control worry C- associated with 3 or more 1. restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge 2. being easily fatigued 3. difficulty concentrating 4. irritability 5. muscle tension 6. sleep disturbance. D- impair areas of life
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
No because: -of a lack of understanding of and sensitivity to Native American culture -failure to acknowledge the legacy of trauma and unresolved grief resulting from physical and cultural genocide -overriding stereotypes -the application of standard rather than culturally sensitive intervention techniques.
Has social work intervention with Native Americans been successful?
increased alertness, interest in outside world- Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory
Hatching
antipsychotics
Haldol, Thorazine, Clozaril, Risperdal, Seroquel, Abilify, Zyprexa are anti________.
Sensing things that are not there
Hallucination
Following cessation of use of a hallucinogen, the re-experiencing of one or more of the perceptual symptoms that were experienced while intoxicated with the hallucinogen
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder
Any program, policy or intervention that seeks to reduce or minimize the adverse health and social consequences associated with substance use without requiring a client to stop use
Harm Reduction Model
Fouces on policies programs and interventions that seek to reduce or minimize the adverse health and social consequences of drug use without requiring an individual to discontinue drug use
Harm Reduction Model
Focuses on policies, programs, and interventions that seek to reduce or minimize the adverse health and social consequences of drug use without requiring an individual to discontinue drug use.
Harm-Reduction Model
Characteristics of latency stage
Harsh superego and a consolidation of ego defenses; increased ego development; thinking in absolutes (black/white)
Ted Kaczynski entered Harvard at age 16, he was deceived into conducting himself into a series of purposely brutalizing psychological experiments. Later he engages in a nation wide bombing campaign against modern technology, planting or mailing numerous home-made bombs, killing 3 people and injuring 23 others.
Harvard and the making of the Unabomber
Ego Psychology & Problem of Adaptation; significance of object relations (organism and environment). -The id and ego are present at birth in an undifferentiated matrix.
Heinz Hartman
Self-psycology; empathy as experience-near observation.
Heinz Kohlt
Self-Psychology
Heinz Kohut is best known for the development of _____________?
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Help parents prioritize needs when a child's disability impacts all areas of daily life and receives support from several professionals.
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Helping clients develop skills through role plays helps improve overall functioning.
Complete paralysis of one side of the body (It involves the arm, leg, and sometimes the face of the affected side) Conversion disorder
Hemiplegia
Ordering of systems into subsystems- General systems theory
Hierarchy
- Attention seeking - Inappropriately sexually seductive - uses physical appearance to draw attention - Overly trusting; guillible; easily influenced by others
Histrionic Personailty Disorder
1. overly dramatic (theatrical) 2. vain 3. impulsive 4. sexually provocative 5. common diagnosis in females 6. must be center of attention
Histrionic Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Behavior melodramatic, over-the-top, constant display of excessive emotionality, attention-seeking
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Behavior melodramatically, over the top, constant display of excessive emoitnality, attention seeking
Histrionic Personality Disorder
HPD: Excessive emotionality & attention seeking; constantly seeking reassurance, approval or praise; egocentricity & LACK of empathy. NPD: Grandiose sense of self-importance; fantasies of unlimited success, feelings of entitlement, exploiting others, extreme polarities of idealizing and devaluing others.
Histrionic personality disorder vs. Narcissistic personality disorder
The Null Hypothesis or a statement that is opposite or contradicts the Ha
Ho is the Symbol for?
when they cant get rid of anything
Hoarding
- Persistent difficulty with discarding items - Need to save them - Results in accumulation in living areas and compromises their use - Impairments in functioning
Hoarding Disorder
...
Hoarding Disorder
Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value
Hoarding Disorder
steady sate order neccessary for movement
Homeostasis
steady-state order necessary for movement. Property of a system regulating its internal environment. Maintaining stable, constant condition of properties of system.
Homeostasis
Steady state
Homeostasis (systems theory)
stead state order necessary for movement
Homeostatsis
Opposition Defiant Disorder
Hostile & defiant behavior (losing temper, arguing with adults, actively defying adult requests), irritability, often angry, resentful & spiteful behavior is?
Resilience, ability to bounce back
How do communities influence youth?
3 months
How long must an individual experience difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep in order to meet criteria for insomnia disorder? 3 months 6 months 1 year 2 weeks
c. with transference issues
How might a black client initially relate to a white social worker? a. with minimal countertransference issues b. with passive aggressiveness c. with transference issues d. with self disclosure
a. discuss your findings with the client
How would you discuss the results of the Beck Depression Inventory with a client? a. discuss your findings with the client b. incorporate your findings into the treatment plan c. have the client complete another depression scale for comparison d. don't discuss the results because they might confuse the client
d. explain the client's behavior and how it meets criteria
How would you explain a DSM diagnosis to a client? a. let the client read it from the DSM b. don't explain it, the client wouldn't understand c. tell the client in which category the disorder is described d. explain the client's behavior and how it meets criteria
like milestones during early childhood that you watch to track their development.
Human Development theories
Maslow - learning is viewed as a person's activities aimed at reached full potential - focus of learning is meeting cognitive and other needs
Humanistic Learning Theory
- Treated with Ritalin and Adderall - they have have a paradoxical effect
Hyperactivity in Children/Adults
A condition in which there is a greater than normal sensitivity/reactivity to sound (Common with Depression)
Hyperacusia
Elevated, expanisve, irratible mood that is less severe than full blown mania, not severe enough to affect functioning
Hypomania
Elevated, expansive, irritable mood that is less severe than full-blown mania, not severe enough to affect functioning
Hypomania
elevated, expanisve, or irritable mood that is less severe than manic ysmptoms
Hypomania
seat of primitive drives and instincts
ID
unconscious source of motives and drives; pleasure principle seeks immediate gratification
Id
unconscious source of motives and drives; pleasure principle, seeks immediate gratification
Id
Instinctual energy that contains biological urges such as impulses towards survival, sex and aggression - the unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle (drive to achieve pleasure and avoid pain)
Id (Psychoanalytic Theory)
overestimation of an admired aspect or attribute of anohter
Idealization
universal mechism wherby a person patterns himself after a significant other, plays major role in personality devleopment
Identification
mastering anxiety by idetnify with a powerful aggressor (abusive parent) to counter act feelings helplessness, i.e. repeating abuse
Identification w/ Aggressor
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Identify obstacles that hindered earlier treatment efforts FIRST so the client can be successful in the current treatment plan.
Introjection
Identifying with some idea or object so deeply that is becomes part of that person?
Severe subjective distress regarding a youngster's ability to integrate various aspects of his sense of self, related to career, friendship etc.
Identity Disorder
Severe subjective distress regarding a youngsters ability to integrate various aspects of his sense of self, related to career, friendship etc
Identity Disorder
characterized by severe subjective distress regarding a youngsters inability to integrate various aspects of his or her acceptable sense of self (related to orientations, moral systems, etc)
Identity Disorder
Fidelity: sense of self in relationship to others - Erikson
Identity v. Role Confusion
Adolescence; psychological revolution that comes with puberty, child can commit to being what others do not want him to be
Identity vs. Identity Diffusion
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
If a 4 year old child can't recite the alphabet, he may not have reached this level of cognitive development.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
If a client abruptly stops coming to see the social worker, you should call the client and ask the reasons for the abrupt stop BEFORE respecting the client's right to self determination.
c. transference
If a client from a minority group seems suspicious and mistrustful and hesitant to talk to a white social worker, the most likely reason is: a. resistance b. paranoia c. transference d. language issues
Professional Ethics & Values
If a client has the desire to kill an ex but not a plan, the social worker should NEXT monitor the client's feelings at future sessions because ongoing attention to the client's emotions must be maintained.
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
If a client is already seeing a different social worker, the client should discuss the change with the other therapist.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
If a client is indicating some symptoms of depression, the social worker should delve more deeply into the issue and find out about other symptoms.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
If a client is unable to provide information, the social worker should seek permission from the patient to contact relatives.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
If a client questions the social worker's credential and competence, you should ask how the client feels about seeking help. This refocuses the discussion and redirects the client.
Professional Ethics & Values
If a court ordered client misses therapy sessions, the social worker should contact the client to discuss consequences, so you can ensure they are informed and understand conditions set by the court.
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
If a diagnosis has been ruled out, the social worker should recognize a client's right to self-determination when seeking the best course of action.
Professional Ethics & Values
If a social worker has a different opinion than a client, the social worker should focus on exploring the client's decision in terms of treatment and treatment goals.
b. ask the social worker to describe his attraction
If a social worker is attracted to a client, his supervisor should: a. ask the social worker if he is attracted to other clients b. ask the social worker to describe his attraction c. refer the social worker to a therapist d. tell the social worker to terminate the client
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
If children demonstrate knowledge of sexual organs unusual for their age, first explore the source of the knowledge before anything future.
Professional Ethics & Values
If someone asks to see a social worker for therapy but there is the possibility for a dual relationship, you should provide the client with referrals to another social worker.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
If symptoms describe depression, social worker should complete a risk assessment before suggesting to schedule an appointment with his doctor.
- may or may not have anything thing wrong with them but they are intensely anxious about the possibility of being undiagnosed and devote excessive time and energy to health concerns
Illness Anxiety
- Preoccupation with being/getting ill - Anxiety/alarm about health status - Somatic (bodily) symptoms not often present - "Hypochondriasis" Specifiers: - care seeking - care avoiding
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Made-up person, animal, or character created in the mind of young children Pretend play continues at the age of 2 (to 7) does not signify a problem or disorder
Imaginary Friends
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
In "classical conditioning" children can become conditioned by terrible events and begin new associations.
early latency/pre-operational thinking (ages 6-7)
In Piaget's ___________ stage, the child has developed some ability for symbolic thinking but lacks the capacity to think conceptually.
pairing and movement through anxiety hierarchy from least to most anxiety provoking situation
In Vivo Desensitization
b. quasi experimental
In a clinical setting the most likely statistically significant program evaluation design would be: a. experimental b. quasi experimental c. single subject d. type 2
Dizziness. Nystagmus. Incoordination. Slurred speech. Unsteady gait. Lethargy. Depressed reflexes. Psychomotor retardation. Tremor. Generalized muscle weakness. Blurred vision or diplopia. Stupor or coma. Euphoria
Inhalant Intoxication
loss of motivation to engage in pleasurablel activity becuase it might sitr up conflict over fobidden impulses (i.e. writing, learning)
Inhibition
response to novel situations - Temperament
Initial Reaction
Sense of purpose: explore imagine and feel remorse for actions - Erikson
Initiative v. Guilt
Play age, expansion of imagination, intrusive activity and curiousity, consumning fantasies that lead to guilt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Include Haldol D/Decanoate and Prolixin D, injectable forms are useful for noncompliant clients
Injectable Forms of Antipsychoticc
Include Haldol D/Decanoate and Prolixin D, injectible forms are useful for noncompliant clients
Injectible Forms of Antipsychoticc
accept input from enviornment
Input
e.g. information, money, energy, time, individual effort, people - General systems theory
Input
what is put into a system, eg information, energy, money, time.
Input
Obtaining resources from the environment that are necessary to attain the goals of the system
Input (systems theory)
A- difficulties in the use and acquisition of language due to deficits in comprehension or production that includes. 1)reduced vocal 2)limited sentence structure 3)impairments in discourse (use vocal to connect sentences to describe event or topic). B- language is well below those expected for age resulting in limitations in communication, social participation, academic achievement, or occupational performance, individually or any combination C- onset is in early dev. period D- not attributable to eating or other sensory impairment, motor dysfunction or another medical or neurological condition. or better explained by intellectual disability
Language Disorder
Persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language across modalities due to deficits in comprehension or production
Language Disorder
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Lack of adequate follow up services to ensure medication compliance and supportive psychotherapy by mentally disabled clients i the most frequent reason for their needing re hospitalization.
Receptive Lanaguage - the input system in which information is taken through the senses Expressive Language - the output system that involves speaking, gesturing, writing, or babbling. - Receptive language usually starts before expressive
Language development
Theory Moral Development (1969) -Argued that children's experiences shape their understanding of moral concepts such as justice, rights, equality, and human welfare. -6 Stages of Moral Reasoning
Lawrence Kohlberg
1. Biopsychosocial model - most comprehensive explanation 2. Medical model-a addiction is considered a chronic disease 3. Self-medication model - substances relieve symptoms of a psychiatric disorder 4. Family & environmental model 5. Social model **** substance abuse problems must be addressed before other psychotherapeutic issues
Models for substance abuse
(30 - 40) - (50 - 55)
Moderate Intellectual Functioning is what IQ range?
quality of emotional expression - Temperament
Mood
Abilify (Aripiprazole)
Mood Disorders
Depakote (Divalproex Sodium)
Mood Disorders
Lamictal (Lamotragine)
Mood Disorders
Lithium
Mood Disorders
Used to treat Bipolar
Mood Stabilizers
Types: - Lithium - Most commonly used - Tegretol - fewer side effects than Lithium - Depakote - Rapid cycling Uses: Treatment for Bipolar Disorder Side effects - Lithium - Toxicity
Moods Stabilizers
Family
Moral Development is learned primarily from the individual's _______.
Ability to move spontaneously and actively, consuming energy in the process.
Motility
...
Motor Disorders
Take something away, taking aspirin to alleviate a headache
Negtative Reinforcement (Operant Conditioning continued)
Intellectual disabilities Communication disorders Autism Spectrum Disorder ADHD Specific Learning Disorder Motor Disorders
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Most dangerous of SEs. High fever, dehydration, sweating, elevated blood pressure, fast heart rate and respiration, agitation, elevated white blood cell count, difficulty swallowing and autonomic instability.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Medical emergency, occurs after starting a neuropletic, includes fever, muscle rigidity, mental status changes
Neuropleptic Malignant Syndrom
9/11 caused Homeland Security to be created, Medicare Prescription Drug Modernization Act 2003 Affordable Care Act 2010- caused much conflict over what the law really states, very confusing.
New Millennium
categorical
Nomal
categorical
Nominal
system is greater than sum total of it's parts- General systems theory
Non-summativitiy
first weeks of life. - Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory
Normal Autistic Phase
until 5 mo. - aware of mother but not individualized - Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory
Normal Symbiotic Phase
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Normal adolescent behavior includes trying to exert control over decisions.
The most basic unit in society - clients forming relationships outside of the nuclear family tend to pick mates with the same level of differentiation
Nuclear family (Bowenian Family Therapy)
-obsessions and compulsions -need to do a certain amount of something to go do something else
OCD
KIDS ONLY Defiance must interfere with the child's ability to function in school, home, or the community - Losing temoper - Arguing with adults - Refuse to follow the rules
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
oral sucking eating
Oral
logical ordering, cities, teams based on games won
Ordinal Scale
Pupillary dilation. Tachycardia. Sweating. Palpitations. Blurring of vision. Tremors. Incoordination.
Other Hallucinogen Intoxication (shrooms, LSD)
The product or service which results from the system's throughput - processing of input. Rules, decisions, money, etc.
Output
e.g. decisions, laws, rules, money, assistance, cars, clothing, bills - General systems theory
Output
A product of the system that exports to the environment
Output (systems theory)
Rather than trying to master challenges, a person covers up their since of inferiority by focusing on outward signs of superiority such as status, wealth and power
Overcompensate (individual psychology)
Rather than trying to master challenges, a person tries to cover up their sense of inferiority by focusing on outward signs of superiority such as status, wealth and power
Overcompensate (individual psychology)
-triggered from a terrifying event -ex. veteran experiences PTSD
PTSD
-recurrent, unexpected panic attacks -persistently concerned or worried about having more panic attacks or changes his or her behavior in a big way because of the panic attacks
Panic Disorder
A- 4 or more of the following 1. palpitations of heart, 2. sweating, 3. trembling, 4. sensation of smothering or shortness of breath 5. chocking feeling 6. chest pain or discomfort 7. nausea, 8. dizzy uneasy, 9. chills 10. numbness 11. unreality or detachment from self. 12. fear of losing control 13. fear of dying. B- 1 month of one or more of the following 1. worry about additional panic attacks 2. maladaptive change in behavior to avoid C- not attributed to substance D- no other mental disorder.
Panic Disorder
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks. A panic attack is an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes, (an attack is sudden without warning; no cue or trigger)
Panic Disorder
Used in Strategic Family Therapy. Prescribe the symptomatic behavior so client realizes they can control it; uses the strength of the resistance to change in order to move them toward goals.
Paradoxical Instruction
prescribe the symptomatic behavior so the client realizes they can control it; uses the strenghth of resistance to change in order to move them toward goals
Paradoxical Instruction
prescribe the symptomatic behavior so the client realizes they can control it; uses the strengh of the resistance to change in order to move them toward goals
Paradoxical Instruction in Strategic Family Therapy
Prescribe the symptomatic behavior so a client realizes he or she can control it; uses the strength of resistance to change in order to move client toward goals
Paradoxical directive or instruction (Strategic Family Therapy)
Interperting the actions of others as deliberately threating or demeaning. Untrusting, unforgiving, pront ot angry outbursts
Paranoid Personality
pattern of distrust and suspisiciousness such that others motives are interpreted that
Paranoid Personality
1. Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others 2. interpret motive as being malevolent 3. suspects without reason: exploit, harm, or deception 4. preoccupied with thoughts of others loyalty or trustworthiness 5. reluctant to confide in others 6. reads remarks as threatening or offensive 7. persistent grudges 8. u personal attacks and is quick to anger 9. recurring suspicions of fidelity of significant other
Paranoid Personality Disorder
A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts
Paranoid Personality Disorder
(Aka sexual perversion and sexual deviation) Experience of intense sexual arousal to atypical objects, situations, or individuals
Paraphilia
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Paraphilias are abnormal sexual behaviors or impulses characterized by intense sexual fantasies and urges that keep coming back.
Exploitation
Parity would be the response to which characteristic of principles for social work practice with diverse populations?
characterized by a triad of signs, tremor, rigidity and slowed movement, caused by antipsychotic durgs
Parkinsonian syndrom
characterized by a triad of signs: tremor, rigidity and slowed movement, caused by antipsychotic durgs
Parkinsonian syndrom
directieve policies, faciliteis must inform clients of their rights to make decisions concerning their own health care, ask and document whether a client has an advance directive and provide education for staff and community
Patient Self Determinaction Act
Conduct disorder
Patterns of behavior that violate basic human rights, aggression toward people & animals, destruction of property, deceit or theft, running away, or truancy is?
d. speak Spanish, are knowledgeable about the area of concern, and have a good reputation in the community
People from Latino cultures tend to accept help from experts who: a. sound very knowledgeable and work for prestigious institutions b. have a reputation for being knowledgeable about a certain subject and are a relative or friend of the person in need c. are not Latino, but are highly credentialed d. speak Spanish, are knowledgeable about the area of concern, and have a good reputation in the community
Social
Per Cognitive Theory behavior is driven by _____ motivation, not sexual drives.
B. weak boundaries between family members
Per Minuchin, psychosomatic families are most likely to be characterized by which of the following: A. frequent intense open conflicts between family members B. weak boundaries between family members C. family roles that are inflexible and stereotyped D. marked emotional distance between the husband and wife
ego, "conflict-free sphere"
Perception, motility, and memory are considered ______ functions. According to Hartmann, these abilities are present at birth and are in the ____________, the infant's innate constitution.
Gestalt Theory -Experiential; "here and now;" personal responsibility; interconnectedness (IP relationship) between client + therapist.
Perls/Goodman
systemic process of carying a set of goal directed activities help children live in perm. families
Permanancy Planning
behavior that should or ought to be performed, such as a social worker nto acting in the way the client would like
Perscription
extent of continuation of behavior with or without interruption - Temperament
Persistence
A- depressed mood for most of the days than not for at least 2 years B- 2 or more of the following 1. poor appetite or overeating, 2. insomnia hypersomnia 3. low energy or fatigue 4. low self esteem 5. poor concentration or diff. making decisions 6. hopelessness. C- during 2 year has not been without symptoms A or B for more than 2 months D- MDD symptoms present for 2 years E- no manic or hypomanic never cyclothymic F- cause clinical sign. distress in soc. occ. other areas of functioning.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Ct as part of an environmental system and encompasses all influences
Person In Environment Perspective
Ct is self exploring. therapist is non directive does not advise or interpret therapist will restate cts remarks to clarify
Person/Client Centered
Behavior that deviates markedly from cultural expectations affecting two or more of these areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, affect control
Personality Disorder Criterion
Behavior that deviates markedly from cultural expectations, affecting two or more of these areas: cognition, affectivity (how feelings arise), interpersonal functioning, affect control (ability to control feelings/emotions)
Personality Disorder Criterion
Autistic Disorder - Abnormal impairment in social interactions nd communications Asperger's Disorder - Abnormal impairment in social interactions and some communication Ex. if someone tells a kid to put a sock in it and he put actually puts a sock in his mouth.
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
focus on genital differences
Phallic
Vertical or horizontal nystagmus. Hypertension or tachycardia. Numbness or diminished responsiveness to pain. Ataxia. Dysarthria. Muscle rigidity. Seizures or coma. Hyperacusis
Phencyclidine Intoxication (PCP)
Parents request, signs of abuse...
Philosophical issues- when should state intervene?
Theory of cognitive development
Piaget
Sensorimotor & Congitive
Piaget believed that all individuals are born with schemas or ___________ & ____________ abilities.
Sensorimotor (birth - 2yrs) Pre-Operational (2 - 7yrs) Concrete Operational (7 -11yrs) Formal Operational (11 - 15yrs)
Piaget's 4 stages of Cognitive development are?
Children progress through stages to develop higher levels of thinking. (Infancy - basic and concrete to more abstract thinking with moral development)
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive development
Eating of non-nutritive substances outside the context of a socially normative practice Over a period of at least 1 month
Pica (307.52) (Feeding and eating disorders)
- Establish boundaries of work - Partialize problems - Develop a working hypothesis - Feasibility - Contract - Know the components
Planning
Confidentiality - Exception include child abuse Waivers: - Signed consent - Patient lawsuits involving mental health - Criminal Pleas of insanity
Privilege
Time limited, goals of intervention, environmental and social influences of client, reality based focus.
Problem Solving
Ego psychology, inability to cope with a problem, ideal clients are those who usual problem solving capacities or resources have broken down, impaired, or adaptive.
Problem Solving Approah
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Problem Solving Therapy addresses issues quickly in a limited time span.
Physical abuse, verbal abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, neglect, lack of basic needs
Problems that may lead to needing Child Protective Services include?
Period of time before the onset of a serious illness during which there might be subtle sympoms, before psychotic episode, suspicions/paranoia
Prodromal
Period of time before the onset of a serious illness during which there might be subtle symptoms, before psychotic episode, suspicions/paranoia
Prodromal
period of time before th onset of a serious illness during which there may be subtle symptoms
Prodromal
Professional Ethics & Values
Professional ethics require social workers to seek supervision in instances in which personal values conflict with client needs NOT refer client to someone else (ex: gay client)
Below (20 - 25)
Profound Intellectual Functioning is what IQ range?
primitive defense, attirbuting ones diswoned attitudes wishes feelings urges to some external object or person
Projection
Requires a gross deprivation of care or successive multiple care caregivers Inhibited - child does not intiate and respond to social interactions in a developmentally appropriate manner Disinhibited - the child is very friendly to strangers and accepts anyone as a caregiver Ex. Would get in a car with anyone
Reactive Attachment Disorder
5+ symptoms for a 2-week period and must represent change in functioning, must be depressed mood or anhedonia
Requirements for Major Depression
Independent variable + control variables ------> Dependent Variable Ex. Test-prep course (IV) -----> Exam Score (DV)
Research Variables
Watson & Pavlov
Respodent or Classical conditioning was formulated by John ______ & Ivan ______.
Involuntary behavior that is automatically elicited by a stimulus (ex. Anxiety, sexual response)
Respondent
Being able to adopt behavior patterns and giving up or getting rid of at least part your cultural beliefs and behaviors
Responses to dominance- What is acculturation?
Reliability
Results obtained consistently from the same study repeatedly is a measure of?
limit of years of assistance you could receive, more stringent work requirements "welfare to work"
Results of Welfare Reform during Retrenchment Years
quality of life issues, exploring new roles, loss, reviewing life- Family live cycles
Retirement / Senior Years
persistent and progressive developmental regression after period of normal development, typically before the age of four, problems with coordination and disability. Much more common in girls than boys.
Rett's
Regression
Returning to an earlier stage of psychosexual development is called?
persisitent and progressive developmental regression after period of normal development, typically before the age of four, problems with coordination and disability
Rhett's
antipsychotic, sedation blurred vision, urinary retention
Risperdral
2nd generation antipsychotic, anticholinergic SEs.
Risperdral (Risperidone)
Independent Ego Energy (Motivation & concept of competence)
Robert White
Client Centered Approach
Rogers
reci[rocal role of arole partner is carried out in the expected way
Role complemetarity
roles opposite to that which is appropriate
Role reversal
Repeated regurgitation of food over a period of at least 1 month. Regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out
Rumination Disorder
lowering dose of drug
Rx for Akathisia
treat with artane, cogentin, benadryl
Rx for Akinesia
Stop neuroleptic, require med treatment
Rx for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Stop neuroleptic, seek immediate medical treatment.
Rx for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Valium, benadryl, Cogentin
Rx of Acute Dystonic Reactions
prozac, Zoloft, PAXIL, side effects are dose related, less toxic to the heart and safer in overdose than TCA's
SSRI's
Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Paroxetine
SSRIs
Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil. SEs are are dose related, less toxic to the heart and safer in overdose than TCAs.
SSRIs
signed consent
SW must get what before releasing information
basis is that dynamic interaction of components, input through put output
SYsmteps theory
Returning to attachment figure for comfort/safety in face of threat/fear - Attachment theory
Safe Haven
Structural Family Therapy -Strengthening boundaries around the family subsystems when enmeshed or increasing flexibility when overly rigid. -Family should be hierarchal; parents apex.
Sal Minuchin
Strengths Based Approach
Saleebey
behavior with the intent of modifying anothers behavior, usually conformity
Sanctioning
Fam Form 4 When adult children caring for both their parents and their children under the same house.
Sandwich Generation
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Scheduling a conference call with all professionals involved helps support anorexic and comorbid clients.
- Time series design where individual acts as own acts as own control - Comparing baseline to where they are at (intervention)
Single Subject Designs
ANNOUNCING verbally untrue statement
Slander
A- diff. in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication in the following: 1. def. in using communication for social purposes, treating sharing info appropriately 2. impairment in ability to change communication to match context such as changing lthe way they speak (whisper). or children to adul avoiding use of overly formal language 3. hard to follow rules of conversation and storytelling, taking turns, rephrasing and knowing how to use verbal and nonverbal to regulate interaction. 4. difficult. understanding what is not explcity stated and nonliteral or ambiguous meaning of language. B- result in functional limitation comm., soc. partic, occupation, academic C- onset is early dev. D- not attributed to other medical, intellectual dis, neurological
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
Persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
Community members that come together to promote social change.
Social Action Group
...
Social Anxiety Disorder
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Social workers should remind clients that during involuntary hospitalizations they can not leave.
Bandura - learning is obtained between people and their environment (interactions and observations)
Social/Situational Learning Theory
Bringing people together to reduce isolation and to improve social skills
Socialization Groups
"Isms" provide rationalizations for stratified social structures that offer fewer prospects—fewer opportunities, fewer possibilities—for those with lower status
Societal "isms" provide what?
Bowen's theory used o explain societal anxieties and social problems; manifested by problems such as the depletion of natural resources
Societal regression (Bowenian Family Therapy)
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Solution Focused Therapy examines how progress is made and does not provide assistance with immediate problems.
- lots of physical complaints Specifiers: - w/ predominate pain - persistent ( > 6 months) Severity: mild (1 sx), moderate (2+ sx), or severe (2+ sx and multiple somatic complaints)
Somatic Symptom Disorder
One or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Goal - Decrease behavior frequency - Has to be consistent or it will have less of an impact - Behavior must be punished on every occasion and immediately after the behavior
Punishment (Operant Conditioning continued)
Repression
Pushing a negative or painful image, thought, or idea out of consciousness to avoid the associated pain and also known at the primary defense mechanism is called?
Deliberate and purposeful fire setting on more than one occasion
Pyromania
- Experiences captured as narratives - Details - Lacks reliability
Qualitative Research
- Yes or no questions - Uses many numbers
Quantitative Research
Closed-ended Questioning
Questions that can be answered with a simple, direct answer is this type of questioning?
Open-ended Questioning
Questions that require a client to respond in detail & in their own words is this type of questioning?
Albert Ellis Its ability to differentiate life events; External Event (A) Belief (B) Emotion/Behavior (C)
RET
4 or more episodes of illness occur within 12 month period
Rapid Cycling in Schizophrenia
close to mother, but child aware of separation from mother. Tentative separation, may still need eye contact as baby explores - Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory
Rapproachement
15-24 months can leave mother rather then be left. good/bad.
Rapprochement
18-24 months, disengagement alternating with intense demands for attention, splitting of object (good/bad) can leave mother rather tahn be leve, language development
Rapprochement
defined zero, weight/mph/length
Ratio
cognitively oriented therapy in which the social worker seeks to change clients irrational beliefs by argument
Rational Emotive Therapy
third line of defense, not unconscious, giving explanation for irrational behavior
Rationalization
Intellectualization
Rationalizing and making generalizations about anxiety-provoking issues to minimize pain and anxiety is called?
person adopts affects, ideas, attitudes, behaviors that are opposites of those he harbors consciously or unconsciously i.e. excessive moral zeal masking strong but repressed asocial impulses or being excessively sweet to mask unconscious anger
Reaction Formation
Family homeostasis
4. When one individual in a family markedly improves another simultaneously deteriorates this would be recognized as an example of A) Role complementarily B) Pseudomutuality C) Family homeostasis D) Family fusion
A social work relationship
5. A social worker who uses behavioral techniques would be least interested in A) Operant conditioning B) A social work relationship C) Contract D) Model presentation
Development of physical, social, cognitive, emotional, and moral attributes. Problems may be sourced at anxious reactions to change happening. delinquency, drug and alcohol use, sexual behaviors; violence, depression, anxiety, eating disorders; Problems in school, conflict with family, running away.
Adolescence
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Adolescents are often times trying to find a personal identity.
1) obtaining services or resoures not provided
Advocacy
process for affecting or initiating change on behalf of client groups, obtain services or resources that would not otherwise be provided, modify or influence policies or practices that adversely affect groups or communities
Advocacy
a. You sound angry about coming here and annoyed with me for insisting that you do
After 2 months, an adolescent client ordered by the court to see a social worker complains that he sees no reason for continuing with the worker. He says he's avoided trouble the whole two months and the worker should trust him by now. The worker's best response is: a. You sound angry about coming here and annoyed with me for insisting that you do b. Two months isn't long enough to judge your trustworthiness c. You broke the law and now must suffer the consequences d. Perhaps there is no reason for us to continue
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
After exploring how the client feelings, NEXT the social worker should explore how the client thinks the social worker can help with the situation.
Diagnosing the client
After the Assessment phase comes?
inability to recognize and name objects
Agnosia
A- 2 or more 1. using public trans. 2. open spaces 3. enclosed places 4. standing in line or crowd 5. outside of home alone. B- fears and avoids because of thoughts that escape might be difficult. C- 6 months or more
Agoraphobia
Marked fear or anxiety about two (or more) of the following five situations: Using public transportation; Being in open spaces; Being in enclosed places; Standing in line or being in a crowd; Being outside of the home alone.
Agoraphobia
fears about being in situations or places where escabe would be embarrassing or difficult or help would not be available in the event of a panic attack
Agoraphobia
Strange Situation & Attachment
Ainsworth
inner restlessness, purposeless motor movement, also caused by antipsychotics
Akathisia
inner restlessness, purposeless motor movement, also caused by antipsychotics. Restless leg syndrome for ex.
Akathisia
without movement, slowness in all natural movements, stiff looking,
Akinesia
without movement, slowness in all natural movements, stiff looking.
Akinesia
Social learning theory; observational learning, imitation & modeling; Bobo doll experiment.
Albert Bandura
Slurred speech. Incoordination. Unsteady gait. Nystagmus. (when your eye shakes when it gets to the edge) Impairment in attention or memory. Stupor or coma.
Alcohol Intoxication
Cognitive abilities increasing and forms relationships outside of family and friends to include teachers and extended family. Problems that may occur at this stage are: Learning disabilities, anxiety and psychosomatic complaints, behavior problems with compliance.
Middle Childhood
(50-55) - 70
Mild intellectual functioning is what IQ range?
Minors have right to confidentiality but are limited by laws regarding decision mkaing capacity. Parents reain righ tto receview childrens treatment records be informed of isseus raised in therapy
Minors Rights
The "most" common value 10, 12, 22, 10, 10,= the mode 10
Mode
A consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, manifested by both of the following: 1. The child rarely or minimally seeks comfort when distressed. 2. The child rarely or minimally responds to comfort when distressed
Reactive Attachment Disorder
Types: - Tricyclic Antidepressents - TCA's (tofranil, Elvail) - Monoaine oxidase inhibitors - MAOI's (Nardil Marlplan) - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor - SSRI's (Paxil, Celexa Prozac, Zoloft) Side Effects - Food restrictions
Antidepressent drugs
used to treat psychotic disorders, can cause tardive dyskiesia, two forms of injection
Antipsychotic Drugs
Developmental psychology; social psychology of learning; behavior modification applications and technique, family systems; organizational culture, communication and change; school policy, star and federal legislation
What specialized knowledge (certification) does NASW offer for school social work?
Texas and New Mexico
What states have the highest teen birth rates in the country?
1) Charity Organization Societies-formed to make sure there weren't any gaps or overlapping services. 2) Settlement Movement
What were the 2 responses to the growing social problems that led to the creation of the SW profession?
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
When a child demands an increased amount of attention from their primary caregiver - they're in the RAPPROCHEMENT stage of Object Relations Therapy (MAHLER)
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
When a client breaks a contract and the social worker inquires about why, that is confrontation.
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
When a client cancels appointments and is often late, it's ok to relate the instance to experiences the client has in their personal life.
1) Provide validation of client without acting 2) explore origin of feelings 3) document discussions 5) consult with supervisor
When a client expresses attraction
1) Provide validation of client without acting 2) explore origin of feelings 3) document discussions 5) consult with supervisor.
When a client expresses attraction
Substituation
When a person replaces one feeling or emotion for another is called?
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
When a social worker has a negative emotional reaction to a situation the social worker should convey this using perplexity
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
When an addict stops using other family members must adjust to the new dynamics.
a. a child of the client
When an interpreter is needed to conduct a social work interview, the least appropriate person is probably: a. a child of the client b. a relative c. an untrained interpreter d. an agency staff member
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
When asking couples many questions about their marital history, social workers are trying to understand how the present problem evolved.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
When clients blush and become silent, social workers should remain silent for a few seconds to allow clients to formulate their thoughts.
c. with more than 500 tribal groups, there are substantial cultural and social differences
When considering Native American customs and developing service plans, social workers should understand that: a. all Native Americans have the same culture and tribal differences are minor b. there are important reasons why Native Americans never integrated into American culture c. with more than 500 tribal groups, there are substantial cultural and social differences d. it is important for Native Americans to separate from traditional culture if they want to succeed economically
Professional Ethics & Values
When demonstrating acceptance of clients, social workers should express understanding of the client's thoughts on therapy.
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
When needing items for client's IMMEDIATELY calling a community store for donations is the FIRST thing you should do.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
When sharing diagnostic information with clients, social worker should describe behaviors that clarify the information.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
When significant trauma has occurred, first assess for potential self harm.
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
When symptoms and history describe a depression diagnosis, a medication evaluation needs to take place first.
impulse of repetitive and unwanted behavior
compulsion
a mental image that symbolizes an idea, an object, an event, or a person
concept
adaptation, transactions, goodness of fit, reciprocity, mutuality.
concepts of ecological perspective
rational mental process, thoughts of which we are fully aware
concious
literal thought
concrete
creation of inaccurate memories or fabrications, unconsciously to substitute unrecalled events
confabulation
a promise by the researcher not to publicly identify a given research participant's data. distinguished from anonymity, which makes it impossible for a researcher to link any research data with a given research participant.
confidentiality
-who is paying? -does the research have anything to gain if the result's one way or the other? - is the research independent?
conflict of interest
the degree to which a measure relates to other variables as expected within a system of theoretical relationships and as reflected by the degree of its convergent validity and discriminant validity
construct validity
the degree to which a measure covers the range of meanings included within the concept.
content validity
existence of a regular relations between 2 variable ( A<---->B )
correlation
the degree to which a measure relates with some external criterion. For example, the validity of the college board exam is shown in its ability to predict the college success of students.
criterion-related validity
a study based on observations that represent a single point in time. contrasted with a longitudinal study
cross-sectional
a researcher's ability to obtain and provide information that is relevant, useful, and valid for minority and oppressed populations. it involves knowledge about the minority culture's historical experiences, traditions, values, family systems, socioeconomic issues, and attitudes about social services and social policies; awareness of how ones own attitudes are connected to ones own cultural background and how they may differ from the worldview of members of the minority cultures; and skills in communication effectively both verbally and nonverbally with members of the minority culture and establishing rapport with them.
cultural competence
a relationship between two variables that changes in nature at different values of the variable. For example: the amount of social work practice experience and practice effectiveness, particularly if we assume that practitioners with a moderate amount of experience are more effective than those with none and at least as effective as those nearing retirement.
curvilinear relationship
refer student to an educational psycgologist; student may ahve a learning disability
if a student is bright but unmotivated and social worker hasnt been able to make any progress with a client whgat shoyuld they do?
use multiple forms of media communication
if community and policy makers dont know much at all about a problem, what's the best way to teach them about it?
follow appropriate jurisdiction requirements that guide SW in disclosing a teen;s records
if parents want access to a teens records but the teen really doesnt want them to know, what should teh social worker do FIRST?
find a sex offender expert in treating sex offenders and use them as a supervisor (this approach is better than consulting with olleagues or doing research adn is more likely to work in a rural area)
if youre in a rural community and have no experience working with sex offenders, i.e. not qualified to, but youre with a sex offender client, how should you proceed?
form a committee involving hte key players and members in the community
if youre wanting to address a community or agency problem, what could you do FIRST before takingo ther actions?
focus on shared values
in a collaborative setting, if a social worker disagrees with the majority of other staff on an issue, waht should he/she do?
allow a brief warm up period ot estab lish rapport
in an initial interview with an adolescent client, teh social worker shoudl do waht?
the social workers level of competence
in assigning new responsibilities to a social worker in an agency, the supervisors PRIMARY cvonsideraiton should be what?
roles and responsibiliteis
in clarifying expectations in teh client-social worker relationship, what is the MOST important thing for the client and social worker to establish?q
both partners together with one or two therapists
in conjoint therapy, treatment is offered to whom in a couple?
clients' level of functioning
in developing an adult group therapy for psychiatric patients, waht is MOST important to consider?
sustaining procedures
in the psychosocial model, what technique is central for doing casework?
get together an interested group of professionals
in trying to get a program started to address a communtiy's problems, wahts the first step?
consult the childs psychologist for placement risks
in working on permanency planning for twins, one of whom has severe behavioral problems, theyve told you taht they want to stay together; what should you do?
Body Dysmorphia
Somatoform Disorders
Example: Body Dysmorphic Disorder, condition marked with excesive preoccupation with imaginary defects
Somatoform Disorders
Bivariate statistical tests: T-test - test of significance between 2 different means Chi-square - difference between what is expected and what is observed
Statistical Test
Helps clients: accept their self statements, identifies dysfunctional beliefs, situations that evoke dysfunction, rewards
Steps in CBT
Tachycardia or bradycardia. Pupillary dilation. Elevated or lowered blood pressure. Perspiration or chills. Nausea or vomiting. Evidence of weight loss. Psychomotor agitation or retardation. Muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias. Confusion, seizures, dyskinesias, dystonias, or coma.
Stimulant Intoxication
Fatigue. Vivid, unpleasant dreams. Insomnia or hypersomnia. Increased appetite. Psychomotor retardation or agitation.
Stimulant Withdrawal
developed by Alfred Adler and his holistic theory of persoanlotyu development, aim of therapy is more adoptive feelings of inferiority
Stiving for Perfection
- focused on problem resolution by altering behavior - active, brief, directive and task centered - SW initiates what happens during therapy, designs a specific approach for each person's presenting problem, and takes responsibility for directly influencing people
Strategic Family Therapy
Haley, Focus on problem, and changing SYMPTOMATIC behavior
Strategic Family Therapy
Minuchin, therapist joins, and change maladaptive family boundaries. helps families identify what the RULES AND ROLES of each family member.
Structural FT
- stresses the importance of family organization for the functioning of the group and well-being of its members - social worker joins/engages the family in an effort to restructure it - restructuring is based on observing and manipulating interactions within therapy sessions
Structural Family Therapy
Mental Retardation
Sub-average intellectual functioning & impairment in adaptive functioning with onset before age 18 is considered?
Potentially maladaptive feelings or behaviors are diverted into socailly acceptable, adaptive channels; i.e. a person who has angry feelings channels them into athletics
Sublimation
- Is NOT a court order, just to provide evidence - SWs must claim privilege unless the client has provided consent - SW must wait to be court ordered to release information
Subpeonas
not a court order, mandate to provide evidence or testimony, it is not a final ruling or order by a court on the legal requirement to provide evidence
Subpoena
maladaptive pattern of use leading to significant impairment in functioning or distress, continues to abuse substances despite persisitent or recurrent negative consequences and problems related to employment, school or legal issues
Substance Abuse
A system is interacting parts contained in a boundary Enthropy - no energy from the outside/closed system (bad) Negative Enthropy - getting energy (good) Homeostatsis - steady state
Systems Theory
dynamic interaction of components where interaction among parts of the system is the focus, humans are seen as active, goal seeking organisms whose development and functioning are outcomes of transaction between genetic potential
Systems Theory
Open & Closed
Systems are classified as either _______ or _______ Systems.
Open Systems
Systems that are accepting of input from outside environmental sources & are willing to change accordingly are known as ______ ______?
Closed-System
Systems that have rigid, impermeable boundaries, are resistant to forces outside the system, are not amenable to change, do not accept input from other systems and not provide output to the other systems.
-Test of statistical significance, difference between sample means. -Eg could be used to compare the average floor routine score of the U.S. women's Olympic gymnastic team to the average floor routine score of China's women's team.
T-Test
test of statistical significance, difference between sample means
T-Test
Standard Deviation around the Mean
This measurement of variability is the dispersion of scores around the central tendency & usually defines the normal distribution or "bell curve."
Baseline Phase
This phase of an N=1 study is where a target problem/behavior is defined as?
Intervention Phase
This phase of an N=1 study is where the effect on the target is observed & measured for a change.
Generalist Framework
This practice framework allows the SW to be open to and use a variety of theories, models & methods of Tx and is considered the opposite of Specialization is known as?
Generalist Framework
This practice framework allows the SW to be open to and use a variety of theories, models and methods of treatment is?
Feminist Framework
This practice framework is most relevant when the client is a female and her issues are based upon the effects of gender or sex role stereotypes and discrimination.
Ethnic-Sensitive Framework
This practice framework requires the SW to be attentive & sensitive to a client's culture, ethnicity & religion.
Strengths (perspective) Framework
This practice framework requires the SW to explore, focus on, mobilize & embellish the client's strengths & is?
Systems Framework
This practice framework requires the SW to focus on the interplay between biological & social systems as they relate to human behavior are?
Systems Framework
This practice framework requires the SW to focus on the interplay between biological and social systems as they relate to human behavior are?
Ecosystems Framework
This practice framework views the individual in the context of & their behaviors as adaptations to the environment as?
Alpha (typically set at .05 or less)
This probably is known as the Level of Significance (with taking a perfect relationship) 1.0 - 0.99 (an observed relationship) & determining the level of significance and whether to reject or accept the Ho
Research
This process explains how data is collected & analyzed to either confirm or reject a proposition or a hypothesis is know as?
Medicaid
This program was established under the Social Security Act & provides for medical assistance for individuals/families w/ low incomes & resources.
Confrontation
This psychoanalytic technique where the SW brings opposing ideas & thoughts together for the purpose of exploration & comparison is referred to as?
Federal Privacy Act of 1974
This public law 93-579 was enacted over concerns that individuals were unaware that agencies were collecting personal info & not sharing it with their clients.
Validity
This research or study concept refers to the extent to which results collected reflect the True or correct characteristics of what the researcher is attempting to measure is known as?
Cluster Sampling
This sampling technique is based upon taking a Simple Random Sampling of groups and then sampling all items within that group is known as?
Stratified Random Sampling
This sampling technique is dividing population of two or more groups into common denominators (e.g., gender, income, etc...) & known as?
Simple Random Sampling
This sampling technique is where a group of n subjects has equal chance of being picked (e.g., picking names out of hat) & known as?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
This stage is from 12 to 18 years and involves the creation of one's identity. Failing this stage the adolescent will experience role confusion.
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
This stage is from 2-3 years & involves mastery of skills to be autonomous & learning to be more confident & in control of their self.
Intimacy vs. Isolation
This stage is from 20 to 35 years and involves the individual learning to build reciprocal relationships. Failing this stage the individual will feel isolated.
Generativity vs. Stagnation
This stage is from 35 to 50 years and involves the individual developing the capacity to care and nurture. Failing this stage and the focus tends to be on her/himself.
Initiative vs. Guilt
This stage is from 4 to 5 years and involves a child becoming more curious and learns to play with others. If not allowed to take initiative will feel guilty & fearful.
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
This stage is from 50 years on and involves the individual learning to accept her/his own life achievements & significant others. Failing this stage the individual will feel despair/regret.
Industry vs. Inferiority
This stage is from 6 to 11 years and involves a child to accomplish tasks & work in groups. Failing this stage the child feels inferior & incompetent.
Tension
This systems theory concept is defined as a disturbing factor or level of conflict and a good and necessary thing for systems to adapt.
t-Test
This test of statistical significance assesses whether the means of 2 sample groups are statistically different from each other
Chi Square
This test of statistical significance determines the degree of confidence you can have in accepting or rejecting a hypothesis.
p-value
This test of statistical significance is the probability that the observed statistic occurred by chance alone.
ANOVA (Analysis of Variance or F Test)
This test of statistical significance tests whether there is an actual and real difference between the means of two or more sample groups.
Cognitive Theory
This theoretical approach focuses on changing behavior by identifying, challenging, & changing the client's misconceptions & false beliefs is referred as?
Gestalt Theory
This theoretical approach helps the client become aware of their behaviors, recognize, use & expand on other behaviors, & take responsibility for such behaviors is known as?
Family (systems) Theory
This theoretical approach views the client as part of a system that includes subsystems & seeks to clarify roles & improve communication stemming from dysfunction or conflict within part of the system is know as?
Strategic Family Therapy
This treatment approach in family theory focuses on rules & patterns of behavior where the SW strategically chooses interventions that improve the family's behavioral interactions within/among each other is known as?
Structural Approach
This treatment approach in family theory focuses on the interactions & relationships within the family systems & known as?
Range
This type of Measure of Variability is the difference between the largest & smallest measurements.
Construct Validity
This type of Validity is an experimental demonstration of a test which measures a term it claims to be measuring is known as?
Predicted Validity
This type of Validity is where a measurement is compared with some predicted future outcome.
Content Validity
This type of Validity is where a term or construct is deemed to be a good measurement as agreed upon by research experts.
Concurrent Validity
This type of Validity is where results of one study are compared to results of another-similar study but measured using a different instrument.
Genogram
This type of assessment tool is similar to a family tree & describes the family relationships for 1 or more generations.
Ecomap
This type of assessment tool seeks to place the client in the context of their family & social environment.
Process Oriented
This type of prog eval also known as a "formative evaluation," evaluates a prog during a specific point in time under specific conditions (e.g., planning stage through implementation of prog).
Outcome Evaluation
This type of program evaluation focuses on evaluating results after the entire program is completed.
Observation only
This type of single subject design "A only" is known as?
Intervention only
This type of single subject design "B only" is known as?
No baseline is recorded. Instead data is recorded after an initial intervention (B). Then the intervention is changed and data is recorded (C).
This type of single subject design B-C only is implemented how?
Basic single systems design
This type of single-subject design A-B design is know as?
Type II error
This type of statistical error is when the Ho is accepted but in actuality is false or when a researcher concludes that a difference doesn't exist when it really does.
Type I error
This type of statistical error occurs when the Ho is rejected but in actuality is true or when a researcher concludes that a difference does exists when it really doesn't.
Experimental Studies
This type of study involves identifying & manipulating independent variables & measuring their effect on the dependent variable and is the most rigorous studies conducted.
Descriptive Studies (e.g., observational methods, case-studies cross-sectional, and survey methods)
This type of study is used to discover new qualitative facts.
Exploratory Study or Research
This type of study is used when dealing with a new area of research or to clarify or expand on existing knowledge.
Inter-Rater
This type of test of reliability is where research subjects' test scores are compared with one another using the same test is known as?
Split-Half Test
This type of test of reliability is where study subjects are randomly assigned to one of two groups and are tested within their respective groups and ideally achieving the same result is known as?
Test-Retest
This type of test of reliability where a study is performed once & then performed again is known as?
Common Medications Rx'ed for Psychotic D/O's
Thorazine, Mellaril, Stelazine, Prolixin, Hadol, Loxitane, Clorazil, Risperdal & Zyprexa are?
Processing or using input, eg decision-making, meeting together, information sharing, sorting.
Throughput
processing the input
Throughput
Energy that is integrated into the system so it can be used by the system to accomplish its goals
Throughput (systems theory)
-Reunification with family -custody to a relative -termination of parental rights and adoption or permanent legal guardianship -independent living with permanent family connections
What are the final steps in the pathway of a case through the child welfare system?
-Being female -low socioeconomic status -having a step-parent -preadolescent age -absence of natural parents -disability, illness, or employment of mother -parental conflict or violence
What are the risk factors associated with child sexual abuse?
Representation, pay and family formation
What are the three reasons women experience inequities in academia?
Social Security Act 1935 Federal Emergency relief Act Federal Banking polices for economic stability
What did the "New Deal" bring to the social welfare system?
Cooking, cleaning, watching the kids
What do homemaker services include?
A = Activating Event B = Individual's thoughts & beliefs about A C = Emotional Response & Consequences of B
What does ABC stand for in cognitive behavioral therapy?
Emphasizes permanency planning, enforces families to care for their own children and developing appropriate permanent placements when that is not possible
What does The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act address?
Establishing partnerships with families, all professionals involved get together and decide what's best for the family
What does family group conferencing involve?
An unquestioning veneration and respect for and deference to authority, permeates relationships between generations
What is "filial piety"?
Trust in persons rather than in impersonal institutions or structures; directs his panic clients to personalize their relationships with social workers
What is "personalismo"?
Keeping the family together or what's best for the child and the tricky balance between?
What is Child welfare's dual perspective?
Feelings of persecution
What is a core component of the diagnostic picture of paranoia?
danger to self, danger to others, inability to care for self
What is criteria for involuntary commitment
Actions toward different groups that supports and maintains prejudice
What is discrimination?
Placing children with relatives pr any adult who has a kinship bond with the child
What is formal kinship care?
MAO Inhibitors (should be not mixed with aged foods)
What is most effective for treating atypical depressions and non-endogenous depressions?
Promotes and advances equality in power, values, status, and rank through corrective action
What is parity?
A time out or a time away, crisis nurseries and shelters, and available to qualified families
What is respite care?
The idea that there is limited help we can give to others; it is false
What is the "myth of scarcity"?
Conscious, Pre-conscious & Unconscious
What is the 3 Levels of Consciousness?
Oral: 0 - 1.5yrs old Anal: 1.5 - 3yrs old Phallic: 3 - 6yrs old Latency: 6 - 12yrs old Genital: 12yrs to Adulthood
What is the age ranges for the 5 psychosexual stages of development? (Orphan Annie Pretty Little Girl)
d. when subjects are non-volunteers
What is the best way to control for external validity? a. when subjects are homogenous in relationship to personal characteristics b. when subjects are informed about what the study is measuring c. when subjects volunteer for the study d. when subjects are non-volunteers
Hispanic
What is the fastest growing racial group in the US?
People with disabilities
What is the largest disenfranchised group in the United States?
The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA)
What is the name of the landmark federal legislation that addresses child abuse?
40%
What percentage of children will live with mother and her boyfriend before their 16th birthday?
Family Life Cycle theory
Carter & McGoldrick
not recommended or unsafe to use
Contraindication
Bronfenbrenner
Ecological Systems Theory
1964 Food stamp program Head Start Program
Economic Opportunity Act
arousal by showing genitals to those who do not wish to see them
exhibitionism
to create meaning in life by realizing that the ct has freedom of choice and is responsible for life.
existential
members realize that they are responsible for their own lives, action and choices.
existential factors
external events or psychosocial stressors
exogenous
the quality of an indicator that makes it seem a reasonable measure of some variable. That the frequency of church attendance is some indication of a person's religiosity seems to make sense without a lot of explanation.
face validity
falsifies physical or psychological signs or symptoms.
facitious disorder
whether the number of constructs and the items that make up those constructs on a measurement scale are what the researcher intends.
factorial validity
whatever is required by law in that jurisdiction
for how long should you keep a client;s reccords?
interest in opposite sex.
genital
a sense of belonging and acceptance
group cohesiveness
sensory experience. separate from thoughts, feelings, obsessions. experienced as if real.
hallucination
5-9 months interested in the outside world
hatching
a qualitative research approach in which the researcher mentally tries to take on the circumstances, views, and feelings of those being studied in order to interpret their actions appropriately; applying through text (particularly religious)
hermeneutics
social worker can clarify each family members statement
how can a social worker BEST enhance family's members ability to understand each member?
medication to induce sleep
hypnotic
a tentative and testable prediction about how changes in one thing are expected to explain and be accompanied by changes in something else. A statement of something that ought to be observed in the real world if a theory is correct.
hypothesis
characteristic of one individual; limited to one person
idiosyncratic
broadly found; involving all or almost all things
pervasive
(1) problem formulation (2) designing the study (logical argument) (3) data collection (4) data processing (get data together) (5) data analysis (6) interpret the findings (7) writing research report
phases of the research process
a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases in value as the other variable also increases (or one decreases as the other decreases) For example: rate of unemployment and extent of homelessness.
positive relationship
9-16 months EMMA sees him or herself as one with their mother
practicing
ordinary memory, not in conscious that can be readily brought to conscious
preconcious
before onset of illness
premorbid
prevent a problem before its initial onset.
primary prevention
Projection - Attributing a painful impulse or idea to external world; taking our own unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people. (e.g. If you have a strong dislike for someone, you might instead believe that he or she does not like you.) Displacement - Defense mechanism in which individual deals w/emotional conflict or internal or external stressors by transferring a feeling about/response to one object onto another substitute object. (e.g. Kicking the cat instead of standing up to the boss.)
projection vs displacement
to provide the practical knowledge that social workers need to solve the problems they confront.
purposes of research
research methods that emphasize depth of understanding and the deeper meanings of human experience, and that aim to generate theoretically richer, albeit more tentative, observations. Commonly used qualitative methods include participation observation,direct observation, and unstructured or intensive interviewing.
qualitative methods
research methods that emphasize precise, objective, and generalizable findings
quantitative methods
a measurement error that has no consistent pattern of effects and that reduced the reliability pf measurement. For example: asking questions that respondents do not understand will yield inconsistent answers.
random error
to discover new ways to get our needs met so that we are able to get along with important people in our lives.
reality
Disturbances in orientation and thinking are suggestive of a compromise in _____________.
reality testing
"fake science" -making extreme claims about its wonders, overgeneralize regarding whom it benefits, concoct unusual, speculative explanations for its effectiveness, concoct pretentious jargon for aspects of their intervention that sounds scientific but really is not, react to disconfirming evidence by ignoring it and citing only those sources that support their intervention or explaining it through ex post facto hypothesizing, pursue a premature closure of inquiry by pressuring their minions to refrain from subjecting their claims to rigorous, unbiased, research.
recognizing pseudoscience
the quality of a measurement method that suggests that the same data would have been collected each time in repeated observations of the same phenomenon. In the context of a survey , we would expect the question: "Did you attend church last week?" would have higher reliability then the question, "About how many times have you attended church in your life" this is not to be confused with validity.
reliability
unethical, and with social research, needs to be justified by compelling scientific or administrative concerns. Even then the justification will be arguable and your IRB may not buy your justification.
research with deception
treat symptoms- to prevent recurrence or exacerbation of an already diagnosed problem or disorder
secondary prevention
5months-24 months infant realizes they are sepearate
seperation individuation phase
erotic pleasure with pain
sexual masochism
inflicting pain on others
sexual sadism
SW should have control over environment i.e. Inpatient facility
single system design
An infant manifests a fear of strangers at _____. 1) three months 2) six months 3) one year 4) 1.5 years
six months --At 6 months, an infant is thought to have capacity for awareness of his/her separateness from caregiving adults.
a source of systematic measurement error involving the tendency of people to say or do things that will make them of their reference group look good.
social desirability bias
refers to the body or human biology
somatic
expore process of involuntary commitment
someone is being discharged form trhe hospital after a suicide attempt; the SW wasnt able to get anyting out of him when discussing matter with him, except that he said "I just need to get home." what shoudl the social worker do next?
medication which produces unpleasant side effects if client drinks alcohol, aversion therapy
Antabuse
medication which produces unpleasant side effects if client drinks alcohol, example of aversion therapy.
Antabuse
11-up: thinks and reasons logically about abstracts and tests hypothesis systematically, concerned with hypothetical, future, idealogy - Piaget
4. Formal Operational
Substance Abuse
Antabuse, ReVia & Trexan are?
when first child leaves home, refocus marriage, develop adult relationships- Family live cycles
4. Launching Adult Children
Can be caused mainly by Tricyclic drugs, Antipsychotics. Block acetylcholine receptors. Dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation, urinary retention.
Anticholinergic Side Effects
Tricyclic Antidepressants (generally end in '-mine' or '-ine'); MAOI Inhibitors; SSRIs; SNRIs; Misc/Others.
Antidepressant Drugs
repressed urge is expressed disguised as disturbance of body functioning usually sensory or voluntary
Conversion
activites/processes used to evaluate input e.g. instrument panel, grades on exams - General systems theory
Control or cybernation
Intellectual Disability Communications Disorders Language Disorder Speech Sound Disorder Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Unspecified Communication Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Specific Learning Disorder Motor Disorders
*Neurodevelopment Disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Body Dysmorphic Disorder Hoarding Disorder Trichotillomania Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder
*Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Schizotypal (Personality Disorder) Delusional Disorder Brief Psychotic Disorder Schizophreniform Disorder Schizophrenia Schizoaffective Disorder
*Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
tricyclics --Not commonly used now due to cardiac monitoring issues.
Antidepressants such as Tofranil and Elavil are part of a group of medications known as ________________.
Tricyclic Antidepressents, most common are tofranil, elavil,
Antidepressent Drugs
c. coordinating resources
Case management is used for the purpose of: a. improving overall client functioning b. providing client support c. coordinating resources d. gaining access to resources
sharing feelings and experiences to relieve pan, guilt or stress (group therapy)
Catharsis
systems must adapt to survive changing environment - General systems theory
Change and adapatabiliuty
provides that no person in US shall be subject to discrimination
.TItle VI of Civil Rights Act
Community level Eco-Systems intervention
1. Educating community members 2. Locating & utilizing community resources 3. Influencing organizations to respond to the problem by developing policies 4. Politically motivating the local, state and/or Federal Gov't to enact legislation are the goals of?
Attitudes toward him/herself, adaptive operations, perception of reality.
1. In determining the appropriateness of a client for a therapy group the most important single factor is A) Major events in the life history of the client. B) Social relationships with the family. C) Physical or intellectual strengths. D) Attitudes toward him/herself, adaptive operations, perception of reality.
birth-when young adult separates. - Family live cycles
1. Independence
1) Engagement 2) Assessment 3) Intervention 4) Evaluation
4 Step Process of Case Managers
birth-2 yrs: self from objects, self as agent of action, object permanence, spacial abilities - Piaget
1. Sensorimotor
Presenting problem
10. He's having trouble adjusting to his wife's death, his work responsibilities, and caring for his daughters. These are viewed as the A) Dynamics B) Presenting problem C) Diagnosis D) Treatment Modality E) Values and Ethics
1) Social Insurance=pay-in, helps prevent poverty 2) Public Assistance=Alleviate Poverty, receive it once below poverty level.
2 Categories for Social Welfare Programs
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2) Cope with series of isssues related to ending
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2) modify or influence policies or practice that adversly affect groups
intimate life partner, commitment, compromise, trust- Family live cycles
2. Coupling & Marriage
2-7 yrs: Language, objects by images and words, lacks ability to take other's viewpoint, classifies object by single features - Piaget
2. Pre Operational
That family substance abuse is a major factor in becoming a substance abuser and that Willard will need special help to avoid following in the family path.
2. Willard, age 13, comes from a family well known in the community for its members' involvement with drugs and alcohol. Willard's two brothers and his mother, though employed in marginal jobs have serious drug and alcohol problems. His father died from cirrhosis of the liver associated with massive alcohol abuse. Willard is in school, seems well cared for, and has been doing well, but he has recently started to cut classes. In planning a social work intervention with Willard, the social worker will need to consider A) How to help Willard's mother encourage him to continue to work hard. B) How to intervene with the entire family to help them manage their substance problems. C) That family substance abuse is a major factor in becoming a substance abuser and that Willard will need special help to avoid following in the family path. D) That an abuse report should be filed.
Id, ego and superego
3 components of personality in psychoanalytic theory
1) Action Research - eval is most often done by the individuals directly affected by the issue being studied 2) Cluster Evaluations - of multp interests at one time 3) Self-Evaluations - is where the prog staff conducts the eval.
3 types of Participatory Program Evaluations are?
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3) Subsequent steps the client may take relevant to new problems
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3) promoto legislation or policies tha will result in the provision of services
7-14 yrs: reasoning correctly about things/events, conservation of numbers, mass and weight, classifies objects my multiple features/and along a singular dimension - Piaget
3. Concrete Operational
Determine the frequency and duration of symptoms
3. During a first interview, a young married woman, who has recently given birth to her first child, complains of loss of appetite and inability to sleep. She seems somewhat disheveled and disorganized, displays a mournful demeanor, and says she feels unmotivated and overworked. The social worker's first activity would be to: A) Assess the suicidal risk B) Determine the frequency and duration symptoms C) Record a thorough history D) Provide reassurance now that the client has sought treatment
infancy-adolescence-birth of baby changes roll of both parents- Family live cycles
3. Parenting
A - inappropriate affect A - loosening of associations A - autistic thoughts A - ambivalence
4 A's of Schizophrenia
The treatment circumstances of each member varies and influences both attendance and level of participation.
6. Social workers who work with cancer patient support groups use flexible contracts because A) The treatment circumstances of each member vary and influence both attendance and level of participation. B) Clearly established agreements raise issues of authority and control which interfere with a support group's autonomy. C) Support groups are not effective when contracting is defined and shaped by sponsoring agencies. D) Contracts that are flexible make it possible to compose groups of patients with a wider diversity of issues which strengthen mutual aid prosperities in the group.
b. Establish rapport
65. What do you do first in a clinical interview with a client? a. Present your qualifications b. Establish rapport c. Complete an intake d. Identify treatment goals
Reassure the parents that Marie's performance problems in school can be helped
7. The school social worker initiates an interview with Marie's family because of her poor grades. Now in fourth grade, Marie seems motivated and presents no behavioral problems. She lives in an intact, working-class family; the discussion with Marie's father makes it clear that he feels humiliated about her academic problems. During the interview, the mother says little. When she speaks, the father interrupts her. How should the worker first proceed? A) Make a report to the child protective services B) Note that Marie's performance problems are a reflection of the school's failure C) Reassure the parents that Marie's performance problems in school can be helped through cooperative effort by both the school and the family D) Refer the family for family treatment and parenting workshops
1. Illusion of invulnerability- excessive optimism that encourages taking extreme risks 2. Collective rationalization - members discount warnings and do not reconsider assumptions 3. Belief in inherent morality - believes in the rightness of their cause despite ethic and moral consequences 4. Stereotype views of those "on the out" 5. Direct pressure on dissenters - members are under pressure not to express arguments against any of the group's views 6. Self-censorship- doubts and deviations from the perceived group consensus are not expressed 7. Illusion of unanimity- the majority view and judgments are assumed to be unanimous 8. Self-appointed "mind guards"- members protect the group from differing outside opinions
8 causes of groupthink
Obtain information about the presenting problem
8. In a beginning interview with a client, the purpose of asking questions is to: A) Probe the client's unconscious feelings B) Obtain information about the presenting problem C) Direct and focus the client's conversation on their personal and family history D) Find out if the client really wants help
Autoplastic
Changing one's own behavior or self in order to adapt is called?
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
A "one down position" group therapist avoids the role of "expert".
a. a delusion
A 15 year old high school student believes he is a policeman. This illustrates which of the following: a. a delusion b. a hallucination c. grandiosity d. metacognition
a. get her medical treatment
A 28 year old female has been raped. When she calls you, she is crying and having difficulty breathing. The most important thing to do first is: a. get her medical treatment b. give her phone numbers of shelters c. have her call the police d. call the police yourself, but get her permission to do so
a. normalize his behavior
A 5 year old boy is watching his 18 month old sister have her diapers changed and becomes aggressive. The mother is concerned. What would your intervention be? a. normalize his behavior b. get the family in treatment c. get the 5 year old in treatment d. start treatment with the mother
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A 70 year old woman has been calling her children by other names and forgetting her where her keys are. The children are concerned about her and bring her to you for an assessment. Based on this limited information, you suspect she is suffering from: a. Dementia b. This is normal age-related cognitive decline c. Substance abuse d. Malnutrition
b. refer for in-home care services that will deliver groceries and take care of their daily needs
A 70 year old woman lives with her 82 year old sister. They are having difficulty taking care of their basic needs. They have no support or help with shopping, chores, or self-care. What would you do? a. refer for in-home nursing services b. refer for in-home care services that will deliver groceries and take care of their daily needs c. refer to local church groups d. refer to hospice care
c. take a history of drug use
A Latino male who is a recent immigrant to the US is referred to you by his sister due to his recent use of drugs. Do you: a. ask for a urine analysis b. explore immigration problems c. take a history of drug use d. refer for inpatient treatment
b. refer to a tribal healer
A Native American girl has been having frequent nightmares about her deceased father. You would: a. refer to a therapist b. refer to a tribal healer c. refer to a psychiatrist for medication d. refer to a doctor
Sociogram
A _________ chart or diagram often used to graphically depict the relationship between group members.
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
A basic process in establishing a collaborative team is defining each member's area of expertise.
c. Help the boy accept his disability
A boy is in a wheelchair. His peers at school have been making fun of him. What would be the best intervention for a social worker to make? a. Inform his teachers b. Talk to the student body c. Help the boy accept his disability d. Talk to his parents
a. ADHD
A child is engaging in risk-taking behavior and is disruptive with his parents and peers. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. ADHD b. Conduct disorder c. Antisocial personality disorder d. Depression
b. assess the home and school environments
A child is experiencing separation anxiety during the school day. What should you do? a. refer to a child psychiatrist b. assess the home and school environments c. refer to medical doctor d. recommend Ritalin
latency stage --The latency stage is characterized by the sublimation of the oedipal stage; a necessary precursor to the development of the superego.
A clear delineation of the superego as a psychic structure occurs during the ________ stage.
b. Ask the client if she has a problem with her scheduled time and explain that, if she does, you can offer a different appointment time
A client begins arriving late for her meetings with you. At the end of one meeting, she asks if she can stay longer so she can have a full hour with you. Your best response is to: a. Extend the session, but tell her it's an exception b. Ask the client if she has a problem with her scheduled time and explain that, if she does, you can offer a different appointment time c. Tell the client she has an obligation to arrive on time d. Refuse to extend the session
b. sit with him quietly until he is ready to speak
A client begins to cry during an initial meeting. Your best action is to: a. reassure him that he will feel better b. sit with him quietly until he is ready to speak c. ask open-ended questions to find out why he is crying d. ask him to stop crying
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A client diagnosed with Bulimia is likely to display all of the following symptoms except: a. Shame and guilt b. Binging and purging c. Diuretic use d. Concern about being overweight even though she is well below normal body weight
d. supportive group
A client diagnosed with schizophrenia has been released from an inpatient unit and is being followed at a community mental health agency. The client is stable enough to participate in a group. What type of group is the social worker likely to recommend? a. short term crisis oriented group b. activity group c. behavioral group d. supportive group
d. I guess you're hurt and angry about not getting the job
A client expresses her disappointment at not being called back after a job interview and vents her anger at the job interviewer. She informs her social worker of this exchange. The social worker's best response is: a. You have to be patient in a job search b. I can see that you're upset about this c. I wonder how you feel about this d. I guess you're hurt and angry about not getting the job
a. stabilize on meds
A client has been voluntarily admitted to a psychiatric hospital. He is psychotic, HIV+, and suffers from alcohol abuse. His parents want nothing to do with him. What would you do first? a. stabilize on meds b. start treatment for alcohol abuse c. perform blood tests to determine T-cell count and viral load d. call the family
c. he will experience performance problems at school and work due to his inability to finish tasks on time
A client is diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder. It is likely that : a. his personal life will not be affected b. he will be excessively studious c. he will experience performance problems at school and work due to his inability to finish tasks on time d. he will not have low self esteem
b. less of the same behavior
A client is displaying extinction of a particular operant behavior. What do you expect? a. more of the same behavior b. less of the same behavior c. an increase in other types of behavior d. no change in behavior
d. To maintain confidentiality
A client is in the hospital and an attorney calls requesting his records. What are your ethical obligations? a. To turn over the records b. To claim privilege c. To ask the client to sign a release form d. To maintain confidentiality
b. provide a thorough explanation of the limits of confidentiality
A client is interviewed by a social worker, but has reservations about discussing sensitive issues at the intake interview. In explaining confidentiality, the worker would: a. provide information about the limits of confidentiality as the need arises b. provide a thorough explanation of the limits of confidentiality c. do nothing until specific questions are raised by the client d. provide information initially regarding the limits of confidentiality only as it relates to the worker-client relationship
b. take a history of substance abuse
A client is referred to you because of substance abuse. Your first step is to: a. refer to AA b. take a history of substance abuse c. do urine screen d. talk to the client's spouse
d. begin individual counseling
A client is referred to you due to ongoing depression. Your best intervention is: a. refer to a doctor for medication b. refer to a psychiatrist for medication c. refer to support groups d. begin individual counseling
d. Provide supportive therapy
A client is told by her doctor that she has breast cancer. She is distraught and says she doesn't know what to do. She has 6 children. Which of the following would you do? a. Refer her to a support group b. Refer her for further medical tests c. Encourage her to make provisions for her children d. Provide supportive therapy
c. establish a no-suicide contract
A client tells his social worker that he has thought about committing suicide because he is failing out of law school. He is lucid, has no plan, and says he has good family support. He adds that he feels like he needs help. The social worker should first: a. have him hospitalized b. call the man's parents c. establish a no-suicide contract d. reassure him that his depression will decrease if he can accept that everyone fails sometimes
a. redefine the treatment goals
A court-ordered client who has engaged in antisocial activities has not been making any progress. You would: a. redefine the treatment goals b. remind the client of the court order c. refer to the probation officer d. terminate the client
Culture & Communication
A culturally competent SW should understand & be cognizant of their own ____ & the impact of their _____ style when working minority populations.
Culture & Communication
A culturally competent SW should understand & be cognizant of their own _____ & the impact of their _____style when working with minority populations.
Test Statistic (TS)
A decision factor computed from sample data that decides whether to accept the null Hypothesis or reject it in favor of the research hypothesis is known as?
b. review and prioritize the family's problems
A family has just relocated from a homeless shelter to permanent housing. The mother is in recovery from alcohol abuse. The father has been violent with the mother and is unemployed. The 8 year old changed schools 6 times in the past year. The family's records describe the family's problems and note the "contract" to which the parents have agreed and the services that will be provided. The social worker in the permanent housing program's first task is to: a. assure that the mother continues in an AA program b. review and prioritize the family's problems and reinforce the family's commitment to addressing them c. help the father find a job d. accompany the parents to school with the child
d. suggest that he has the right to be fearful and should probably call the police
A fearful client in a mental health agency is repeatedly asked for money by his drug dependent son. Recently, the son has threatened violence and calls the father at all hours. How should the social worker advise the father? a. suggest he disconnect his phone b. ask the client to tell the son to come to the agency and discuss his problems with the social worker c. do nothing as it is likely that the behavior will stop on its own d. suggest that he has the right to be fearful and should probably call the police
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A female African American senior citizen has been coming in to your agency daily asking for support. She seems depressed and is recently retired from a job that she held for 40 year. She currently attends a senior citizen center where she eats one full meal a day. She is fairly involved in her church. What would you suspect as this client's presenting problem? a. Malnutrition b. Substance abuse c. Identity disturbance d. Adjustment due to recent role changes
b. generalized anxiety disorder
A female client is having difficulty eating and sleeping. She cannot complete her work because she is plagued by constant worrying. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. bipolar disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. major depressive disorder d. adjustment disorder
a. explain your policy
A gay client shakes your hand at the end of a session. As a rule, you never shake hands with your clients. In the next session, the client accuses you of being homophobic because you hesitated in shaking his hand. You should: a. explain your policy b. ask the client whey he thinks you are homophobic c. tell the client you are not homophobic d. suggest to the client that he has taken your behavior too personally
a. focusing on the hierarchy of client needs and the way they interact with the client's problems
A generalist social worker is most concerned about: a. focusing on the hierarchy of client needs and the way they interact with the client's problems b. her/his relationship with the client c. the client's emotional well-being d. the way a person's spirit is connected to the client's physical well-being
c. find out what the couple has tried thus far to address the problem
A healthy couple has been referred to you because the woman is unable to have orgasms. The doctor that referred them states there are no obvious medical problems. You would first: a. explain female anatomy b. begin exploring the couple's relationship c. find out what the couple has tried thus far to address the problem d. do a genogram to explore family of origin issues
c. the Code of Ethics
A hospital social worker receives definitive information that a social work colleague is engaged in a sexual relationship with a client. In deciding what to do, the social worker must first consider: a. the impact on the client b. the impact on the profession c. the Code of Ethics d. the views of the supervisor and administration
c. Explore why she wants a lesbian therapist
A lesbian client says she wants a lesbian social worker. You should: a. Tell her you are a lesbian, if you are b. Refer her to a lesbian therapist c. Explore why she wants a lesbian therapist d. Reassure her that you can be helpful to her regardless of whether or not you are gay
c. extend the discharge date
A male client diagnosed with Bipolar and Alcohol Dependence is scheduled to be discharged from a facility. The man tells his social worker that he is going to start drinking again and stop taking his meds. The social worker should: a. involuntarily hospitalize the man b. involuntarily medicate the man c. extend the discharge date d. call someone who can take the man to AA meetings
d. Introjection
A man dies and, after hearing of this, a relative living in another state experiences chest pains. Which of the following describes this reaction: a. Projection b. Reaction formation c. Sublimation d. Introjection
c. refer to an alcohol treatment center
A man in the army is referred to a social worker for alcohol abuse. He and his wife have been having many arguments about his drinking, which have escalated into physical abuse. What you consider for an intervention? a. assess for alcohol abuse and continue therapy b. refer to a marriage/family therapist c. refer to an alcohol treatment center d. refer to domestic violence classes
Statistical Significance (defined as a p-value)
A measure of a strong relationship between the target (Dependent) & intervention (Independent) variables as determined by running a TS & where the Ho is rejected is known as?
Measure of Variability (MofV)
A measure of change for a given variable compared to other variables is known as (e.g., up/down)
c. Inform the client of his legal options
A new client tells you that his last social worker made sexual advances toward him. Your best response is to: a. Tell him this is not typical behavior for a social worker b.Tell him you will report the other social worker to the state board c. Inform the client of his legal options d.Tell him that he can talk freely to you about what happened and that no one else will ever hear about it
a. ask how your being a female might affect the relationship
A newly referred adult male does not trust women. You are a female social worker. What would you do? a. ask how your being a female might affect the relationship b. talk about the problems that the client has with women c. suggest a referral to a male social worker d. discuss the client's relationships with other female social workers
Isolation of affect
A splitting of ideas from the feelings originally associated with them. The idea that remains in the consciousness is therefore deprived of its motivational force so that action is thwarted & guilt is avoided.
b. insight oriented therapy
A patient with dysthymic disorder is likely to benefit from: a. environmental change b. insight oriented therapy c. a drug treatment group d. a change of diet
Does not have the right to confidentiality
A person who removes themeslves from hospital
a. world view
A psychological, cultural and political orientation to life that both determines and influences how people think, behave, make decisions and understand phenomena is usually called a: a. world view b. culture c. personal opinion d. perception
b. provide concrete support and detailed help in areas that require improvement
A recent social work graduate displays excellent relationship skills and a strong commitment to clients. The worker knows she has difficulty in translating her insights and goals into specific treatment plans. The worker might ask the supervisor to: a. point out problems and correct her when she loses sight of the goals b. provide concrete support and detailed help in areas that require improvement c. pair her with a more experienced worker d. provide written guidelines on good practice
a. statistical significance
A researcher identifies a .05 difference between boys and girls in aggression. This indicates: a. statistical significance b. no statistical significance c. statistical regression d. an inverse relationship
Systematic Sampling
A sampling design based on systematically selecting a sample at random, such as picking every 10th item or subject from the overall population is known as?
Professional Ethics & Values
A suspicion of elder abuse is enough to warrant making a report.
Hypothesis
A theory that asserts a relationship exists between two variables is know as?
Alloplastic
Changing the environment in order to adapt is called?
a. acknowledge the right to refuse medication and treatment and seek to maintain a relationship with the client
A schizophrenic client takes prescribed medications intermittently. After an argument, his partner kicks him out of their apartment and asks the social worker to hospitalize him because his condition is deteriorating. The client sometimes experiences hallucinations, but says he wants to try to live on his own. He refuses hospitalization and says he plans to stop taking his meds. What is the best course of action: a. acknowledge the right to refuse medication and treatment and seek to maintain a relationship with the client b. seek an involuntary commitment c. continue to insist that the client take the medication and note that previous episodes of not taking meds have led to hospitalization d. suggest that his partner care for him for a short period until he is more stable
a. respite services
A single mother with 3 children is unemployed, has no support or family who live in the area, no services for the children, and no resources for herself. The mother states she would like a support network. What type of services would you provide for her? a. respite services b. referral to unemployment c. referral to a support group d. referral to parenting classes
a. Report the intern to the licensure board
A social work intern admits to his supervisor that he had sex with a client. The supervisor should: a. Report the intern to the licensure board b. Explain to the intern that sex with a client is inappropriate and take the intern off the case c. Consult with the client before taking any further action in order to determine whether the client consented to the sex d. None of the above
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A social worker becomes angry with a client during an initial interview. This social worker should: a. Focus on the positive characteristics of the client b. Focus on the internal sources of this anger c. Express these feelings to the client d. Refer this client to another social worker
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A social worker is assessing an 8 year old boy referred by his school for behavior problems. The boy is inattentive, has difficulty with reading and math and is easily distracted. He rarely follows instructions and does not finish his assignments. The social worker should first consider that the child may be: a. Mentally retarded b. Emotionally disturbed c. Hyperactive d. Learning disabled
b. outcome model
A social worker is interested in evaluating his clients' perceptions of a treatment program. This type of evaluation is referred to as: a. quality assurance b. outcome model c. cost analysis d. systems analysis
b. schedule a case consultation
A social worker is making little progress with a client after 4 weeks of treatment. What might the social worker do? a. refer the client to another social worker b. schedule a case consultation c. continue with treatment, it's too early for progress to occur d. confront the client about their lack of motivation
b. That the social worker consult with her supervisor regarding her discomfort with this client
A social worker is uncomfortable with a gay client. The client wants to continue working with this social worker. You would recommend: a. Referral to another social worker b. That the social worker consult with her supervisor regarding her discomfort with this client c. Therapy for the social worker d. Terminating the client
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
A social worker must first understand the reason for a client's request for a change in therapist.
a. when she believes the client is ready
A social worker reveals insight to a client: a. when she believes the client is ready b. when the client thinks he is ready c. during the termination process as a summary of what the client has learned d. before dealing with a new issue
c. the teen's behavior is functioning to keep the system in line
A social worker sees and teen boy and his parents. The son has been displaying serious conduct problems. He is the identified patient. Which of the following is most likely to be true? a. the homeostatic balance of the family has been disrupted b. there is too much power in the executive subsystem c. the teen's behavior is functioning to keep the system in line d. the boy is going through normal developmental phases
d. Are not free from disclosure all the time, regardless of the wishes of the client or the social worker
A social worker should be aware that client records: a. Are protected by law and cannot be disclosed without the client's consent b. Are the property of the social worker and cannot be disclosed without his or her consent c. Are the joint property of the client and social worker and cannot be disclosed without the consent of both d. Are not free from disclosure all the time, regardless of the wishes of the client or the social worker
c. There must be a supervisor in the session with the soial worker while she is meeting with clients
A social worker who has very little experience is required to have "live supervision" when she sees clients. This means that: a. There must be a supervisor on-call to deal with emergencies b. There must be one hour per week of supervision for the social worker c. There must be a supervisor in the session with the social worker while she is meeting with clients d. There must be access to a supervisor at all times
d. resistance
A social worker who imposes his judgments on clients is most likely to elicit: a. acquiescence b. cooperation c. appreciation d. resistance
a. Speak to the social worker
A social worker who recently began working at a community agency is inadvertently violating one of the agency's policies. The supervisor should a. Speak to the social worker b. Give the social worker a written evaluation c. Discuss the matter with the social worker's clients who have been affected d. Fire the social worker
a. denial, rationalization, projection
A social worker works with a clientele with varied substance and chemical dependencies and decides to establish a new group focused on drug and alcohol rehabilitation. In the first stages of the group, the worker might expect: a. denial, rationalization, projection b. low self worth, acceptance, projection c. surrender, delusions, rationalization d. denial, rationalization, compliance
Variables are that are held constant so as not to impact a change in the dependent variable
Control variable
Treatment Plan
A tool used by SW's to assist in the development of client goals & monitoring of progress is?
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
A way to empower clients and create a sense of hope is to ask questions to identify client strengths and successes.
d. find a room so that the wife can have privacy to deal with her feelings
A woman brings her husband to a busy emergency room because he is not feeling well. He dies while there. What should the social worker do? a. counsel the wife on grief and loss b. tell the wife that dying is part of life c. explain to the wife the stages of grief and loss d. find a room so that the wife can have privacy to deal with her feelings
d. Discuss with the mother that this is often normal behavior when a new sibling is born
A woman comes in to your agency upset about her 4 year old son who is wetting the bed and having temper tantrums. A new sibling has just been born. What is your first intervention? a. Do individual counseling with the child b. Tell the mother she needs support and recommend that she place the 4 year old in daycare c. Set up a behavior program for the bed wetting and temper tantrums d. Discuss with the mother that this is often normal behavior when a new sibling is born
a. the honeymoon period
A woman has been physically abuse several times by her live-in boyfriend. For the last 3 days, he has been buying her expensive clothes. This period is referred to as: a. the honeymoon period b. the intervention period c. the safety zone d. the tension reduction period
c. It seems like part of you wants to move and another part feels scared and wants to stay with people you know
A worker has reached an agreement with an elderly woman on public assistance to move to an assisted living facility. The client talks about her fears of moving to a place where she won't know anyone. The worker's best response is: a. Don't worry, you'll make new friends b. I guess you'd rather stay where you are c. It seems like part of you wants to move and another part feels scared and wants to stay with people you know d. Most older people feel just like you, but then feel better after they move
A precipitating stress
A young father of 2 girls comes to a mental health clinic shortly after the death of his wife. He complains that he is usually energetic and optimistic, but since his wife's death he feels depressed and unmotivated. Now he is having problems at work, completing his job tasks. He is a single father with all child rearing activities that are taking up a lot of his time. 9. The wife's death is viewed as: A) The presenting problem B) A precipitating stress C) A tragedy D) Irrelevant to his functioning
Harsh superego and a consolidation of ego defenses; increased ego development; thinking in absolutes (black/white)
Characteristics of latency stage
-failure to remain attentive in various situations, esp in the home and school -thought to be biological -cx requires symptoms to occur in at least 2 different settings or situations -symptoms can increase under stressful conditions, decrease under novel ones
ADHD
1. inattention (6+) - careless mistakes, overlooks details - difficulty sustaining attention - seems to not listen - does not follow trough on instructions - difficulty organizing - avoids tasks that require sustained mental effort - often loses things - forgetful 2. hyperactivity/impulsivity (6+) - fidgets - often leaves seat - run/climbs when inappropriate - cannot do leisure activities quietly - "on the go" constantly - talks excessively - difficulty waiting - interrupts/intrudes
ADHD
Adderall (Amphetamine)
ADHD
Dexedrine (Dextroamphetamine)
ADHD
Ritalin/Concerta (Methylphenidate)
ADHD
impaired levels of -inattention -disorganization -hyperactivity/impulsivity
ADHD
-Test of statistical significance when >2 groups.
ANOVA Test
Grief Counseling
Another short term therapy similar to Crisis Intervention focuses on coping with significant loss is known as?
A. At least 2 of these over a 12th month period 1. Alcohol taken in larger quantities over a longer period of time than was intended. 2. Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to control or cut down alcohol use. 3. Great deal of time in activities for gaining and recovering from alcohol 4. craving 5. failure to fulfill home, work or school obligations 6. persistent use even after social or interpersonal challenges 7. alcohol use in hazardous situations 8. tolerance 9. withdrawal
Alcohol Use Disorder
Autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., sweating or pulse rate greater than 100 bpm). Increased hand tremor. Insomnia. Nausea or vomiting. Transient visual, tactile, or auditory hallucinations or illusions. Psychomotor agitation. Anxiety. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures
Alcohol Withdrawal
DT's (Delirium Tremens) - Increased pulse, respitory rate, or temperature, eye and hand movement Treatment - Goal to treat immediate withdrawal symptons and then to begin long-term preventive treatment, may involve monitoring and possibly drugs such as Benzoiazepine
Alcohol Withdrawal
Developed holistic theory of personality development: behavior motivated by desire for perfection/success. -3 elements: Inferiority (eg inf complex); Lifestyle (determined by early factors - birth ordered, loved as child); Social Interest: Healthy individuals have broad social concern; those who feel inferior just want to feel better than others. -Goal: more adaptive lifestyle- overcome inferiority, strive to help others.
Alfred Adler
Individual psychology --Major tenet is notion that ALL psychopathology involves an inferiority complex. --Psychopathology is the product of a misguided life style rather than fixation or regressions.
Alfred Adler
developed holistic theory of personality development, individuals strive or motive behind all behavior known as stirving for perfection
Alfred Adler
fear of pain
Algophobia
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Allow client time to grieve before adjusting to other transitions or requesting psychiatric evaluations.
clingy, doesn't explore on their own, anxious & agitated upon separation, shys away or angry upon reunification, resists soothing - Strange Situation
Ambivilent
a. Refuse
An attorney calls to request a client's case file. What is your best initial response? a. Refuse b. Ask the client to sign a release of information c. Call the attorney to discuss the case d. Release the case file to the attorney
a. a neurologist
An autistic boy has been rocking his body and flicking his fingers more often than he used to. You would refer this boy to: a. a neurologist b. a psychiatrist c. a speech therapist d. a social worker
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
An effective approach to support growth is to allow the group to assume control of their group and make as many decisions regarding the direction and goals as possible.
b. the parents will set up a behavioral modification program and enforce it consistently
An effective intervention for hyperactive children would include which of the following: a. the child will decide on rewards for completing tasks b. the parents will set up a behavioral modification program and enforce it consistently c. both the parents and child will determine appropriate punishments d. the parents will set up a behavioral modification program and be flexible in its enforcement
six months --At 6 months, an infant is thought to have capacity for awareness of his/her separateness from caregiving adults.
An infant manifests a fear of strangers at _____. 1) three months 2) six months 3) one year 4) 1.5 years
(Rene Spitz) Severe prolonged depression (grief reaction) in infants following a loss or separation from someone whom child is dependent (mother).
Anaclitic depression
Controlling of bowels
Anal
Defense Mechanisms; unconscious process; ego attempts to expel from consciousness those sexual & aggressive impulses that are anxiety evoking. Defenses are an indication of disturbance when cost outweighs their protective value.
Anna Freud
A. Restrictive eating leading to weight that is less than minimally normal for that persons age, height, and gender. B. Intense fear or gaining weight or becoming fat or behavior that interferes with weight gain C. Disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is perceived and lack of recognition of the seriousness of low body weight
Anorexia Nervosa
Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body weight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health. Significantly low weight is defined as a weight that is less than minimally normal or, for children and adolescents, less than that minimally expected.
Anorexia Nervosa
A- pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity impulsivity that interferes with funct. or dev. by 1 and/or 2 1. inattention: 6 or more of the following symptoms for at least 6 months a- fails to give close attention to detail, makes careless mistakes b- difficulty attending during tasks c- does not seam to listen to spoken directions d- does not follow through on instructions failst o finish tasks e- difficulty organizing tasks and activities (messy, misses deadlines) f- avoids or dislikes reengaging in tasks that require mental effort g- loses things necessary for tasks or activities (books, pencils, wallets) h- easily distracted by extraneous stimuli i - often forgetful in daily activities 2. hyperactivity and impulsivity: 6 or more for at least 6 months a- often fidgets and taps hands and feet/ squirms b- leaves seat c- runs or climbs when inappropriate d- unable to engage in leisure activity e- often "on the go" f- talks excessively g- often blurts out answer before question is done h- difficulty waiting for turn i- interrupts or intrudes on others B- symptoms were present before age of 12 C- present in 2 or more settings D- interfere or reduce quality of social, academic, occup. functioning. E- symp. do not occur during schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder not better explaind by another mental disorder.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development: Inattention symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level ; Hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Mood reactivity, hypersonia, increase in appetite, feelings, of rejection, and or a heavy feeling in the arms or legs
Atypical Features
Complex develppmental disability that causes problems with social interaction and communication. Symptoms usually start before age 3 and can cause delays or problems in many different skills that develop from infancy to adulthood.
Autism
Pervasive developmental disorder, onset is during childhood, failure to develop typical relatedness, occurs 4x in males than females
Autism
Pervasive developmental disorder, onset is during childhood, failure to develop typical relatedness, occurs 4x more in males than females
Autism
-deficits in social commmunication and interaction -non verbal communicative behaviors -repetitive behaviors, interests or activities
Autism Spectrum
1. deficits in social communication and interaction 2. restricted repetative beh., interests, and 3. few to no friends 4. maintenance of sameness 5. stereotyped and ritualistic beh. 6. stimming
Autism Spectrum Disorder
A- social communication deficits in all of the following 1. deficits in social emotional reciprocity (back and forth communication, sharing interests, emotions or affect. failure to initiate or respond to social interaction 2. nonverbal communicative behaviors used for soc. inter. abnormalities in eye contact. can't understand in body language and facial expressions 3. deficit in devel, maintaining, and understanding relationships B- restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, behavior. at least 2 of the following 1. repetitive motor movements 2. insistense on sameness 3. abnormal fixation on interests 4. hypo or hyperactivity to sensory input C- onset is early dev. stage D- clinical significant impairment in social comm, occupation, E- not better explained by intel dis, or global dev. delay,
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by the following, currently or by history
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Margaret Mahler's sequential stages toward separation-individuation
Autism, symbiosis, differentiation, practicing, rapproachment, on the way to object constancy
Willpower/determination: develops sense of free will and control and regret/sorrow for inappropriate use of self control - Erikson
Autonomy v. Shame/Doubt
any treatment aimed at reducing the attractiveness of a stimulus or behavior by repeated pairing of it with an averse stimulation
Aversion Therapy
seems independent, doesn't check for mother, not affected upon separation - Strange Situation
Avoidant
- A pattern of social inhibition, feeling of inadequacy and hypersensity to negative evaluation - beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.
Avoidant Personality Disorder
1.social inhibition 2. feelings of inadequacy 3. hypersensative to negative eval. 4. unwilling to socialize unless certain people will approve 5. restrained in intimate relationships 6. views self as unappealing to others (social phobia is milder)
Avoidant Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Hypersensitive to rejection and are unwilling to become involved with others unless they are sure of being liked, avoidant of social or work that involves interpersonal contac
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Hypersensitive to rejection and are unwilling to become involved with others unless they are sure of being liked, avoidant of social or work that involves interpersonal contact
Avoidant Personality Disorder
An eating or feeding disturbance as manifested by persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and/or energy needs associated with one or more of the following: -Significant weight loss -"" nutritional deficiency -Dependence on enteral feeding or oral supplements -marked interference with psychological functioning
Avoidant/Restrictive Food intake disorder
includes clinical syndromes and v codes, may be more than one diagnosis, also includes developmental disorders
Axis I
includes clinical syndroms and v codes, may be more than oen diagnsosis, also includes developmental disorders
Axis I
Clinical disorders or major mental illnesses
Axis I lists?
Includes personality disorders and mental retardation, personality traits, and habitual use of a particular defense mechanism.
Axis II
Inlucdes personality disorders and mental retardation, personality traits, and habitual use of a particular defense mechanism
Axis II
- Mental Retardation - Developmental Disabilities - Personality Disorders
Axis II Lists?
Psychosocial Factors that affect diagnosis & treatment
Axis III lists?
Global Assessment of Functioning
Axis V Lists?
Operant Conditioning and Negative Reinforcement -Method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. -Association made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior; observable behavior. -Negative reinforcement strengthens behavior by stopping/removing an unpleasant experience.
B. F. Skinner
Environment & Reinforcement
B.F. Skinner believed Operant Conditioning explained changes in behavior were the result of changes in one's _____ & _____ by significant others.
homostasis that a system must have to survive- General systems theory
Balance
treat severe depression. --Barbiturates are a class of drugs which induce a hypnotic or sedative effect.
Barbiturates are never used to _____________.
Changing consequences of behavior. teach more effective ways of dealing with family.
Behavioral FT
Classical conditioning (Pavlov dogs) Unconditioned stimulant (Food) ----> Unconditioned response (Salivating) = US (Food) + Conditioned stimulus (Bell) --> Unconditioned Response (Salivating) CS (Bell) -------> Condition response (Salivation) = Not natural cause
Behavioral Paradigms (Pavlov Dogs)
Behavioral Modification
Behavioral, Respondent or Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, and Social Learning theory all share what kind of theoretical approach?
alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam, clonazepam
Benzodiazepines
A. Binge eating with lack of control 1. Eating more rapidly than normal 2. Eating until feeling uncomfortable 3. Eating large amounts without hunger 4. Eating alone b/c of embarrassment 5. Feeling depressed, disgusted, or guilty after B. Marked distress after binge C. Occurs 1+ weeks for every 3 months D. Not associated with compensatory beh.
Binge Eating Disorder
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain, e.g., self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, is known as?
Recurrent episodes of binge eating (lack of control over eating during the episode); Eating much more rapidly than normal. Eating until feeling uncomfortably full. Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry. Eating alone because of feeling embarrassed by how much one is eating. Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty afterward
Binge-Eating Disorder
-manic or mixed episodes that last seven days or by man episodes so severe that they need immediate hospital care -depressive episodes typically lasting 2 weeks -symptoms must be a major change from the person's normal behavior
Bipolar 1
- pattern of depressive episodes shifting back and forth with hypomanic episodes -not full-blown manic or mixed episodes
Bipolar 2
Mood disorder - extremes/mania Manic signs - euphoria; extreme optimism; inflated self-esteem; poor judgement; needs a couple hours of sleep; inability to concentrate Depression signs - sadness;anxiety;guilt; hopelessness; sleep/appetite disturbance;fatigue; and difficulty concentrating * 30 times more likely to commit suicicde (20-50% of persons with bi polar attempt suicicde)
Bipolar Disorder
More than 2 million adults have bipolar disorder, recurrent episoes of mania and depression is Bipolar 1, Rapid cycling is when 4 or more episodes occur within 12 months...Bipilar II involves milder episoes of hypomania that alternate with depression `
Bipolar Disorder Essential Facts
More than 2 million adults have bipolar disorder; Recurrent episodes of mania and depression is Bipolar 1; Rapid cycling is when 4 or more episodes occur within 12 months; Bipolar II involves milder episodes of hypomania that alternate with depression.
Bipolar Disorder Essential Facts
- Manic - distinct period (1 wk) of abnormal/persistent elevated, expansive, or irritable mood + abnormally increased goal-directed activity or energy - impaiment - Hypomanic - same as manic but duration of 4 days - less severe, no social impairment - Depressive
Bipolar I
Mania to depression (high of the high, lowest of the low) manic episode- elevated expansive mood at least 1 week most of the day every day. have to have 3 or more 1. inflated self-esteem 2. decreased need of sleep, 3. more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking 4. flight of ideas 5. distractibility 6. increase in goal directed activity 7. excessive involvement in activities having high potential for painful consequences *psychotic features
Bipolar I
Criteria have been met for at least one manic episode May be preceded by or followed by: Hypomanic episode Major depressive episode Manic Episode: persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day
Bipolar I Disorder
- Hypomanic - Depressive
Bipolar II
Client-centered Therapy (person-centered therapy) -Non-directive; emphasizes unconditional positive regard; acceptance & support for clients; genuineness.
Carl Rogers
hypomania (not as high as mania) w/ depressive episode. hypomanic- 4 consecutive days and three of these 1. inflated self-esteem 2. decreased need of sleep, 3. more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking 4. flight of ideas 5. distractibility 6. increase in goal directed activity 7. excessive involvement in activities having high potential for painful consequences * not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning.
Bipolar II
milder episodes of hypomania that alternate with depression, history of 1 + depressive episode and 1+ Hypomanic but no manic or mixed
Bipolar II
milder episodes of hypomania that alternate with depression, history of 1+ depressive episode and 1+ Hypomanic episode, but no manic or mixed episodes.
Bipolar II
Criteria have been met for at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode. Hypomanic Episode lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day Major Depressive Episode symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning
Bipolar II Disorder
Bipolar I - manic, hypo manic, depressive Bipolar II - hypo manic, depressive Cyclothymic - hypo manic symptoms (not full) depressive symptoms (not full) for at least 2 years (1 year in childhood) -not without symptoms for 2 months
Bipolar and related Disorders
Fam form 1 When two different families come together after parents get re-married, causes a lot of conflict because of "blending" effect.
Blended Families
-one or more perceived defects or flaws in their physical appearance, which they believe they look ugly, unattractive, abnormal or deformed
Body Dysmorphic
Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others
Body Dysmorphic
...
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Believes there is an attachment period in humans - Stranger Anxiety (strongest 6-8 months - fear of unfamiliar people - Separation Anxiety (strongets at 12 months) - fear of being left by a parent - Prolonged Anxiety
Bolwby
Fam Form 4 Children return to place of origin to live with parents. 60% of Boomerang Kids are male, most likely at the ages 18-24
Boomerang Kids
71 - 84
Borderline Intellectual Functioning is what IQ range?
Unstable in interpersonal relationship, behavior, mood and self image. Abrupt and extreme mood changes, stormy interpersonal relationships, fluctuating self imagine, self destructive actions
Borderline Personality
1. instability of interpersonal relationships and self-image 2. impulsivity 3. effort to avoid real or imagined abandonment 4. unstable and intense relationships 5. recurrent suicidal beh, or mutilation 6. reactive mood 7. chronic feeling of emptiness 8. inappropriate uncontrolled anger
Borderline Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity
Borderline Personality Disorder
Unstable in interpersonal relationship, behavior, mood and self image. Abrupt and extreme mood changes, stormy interpersonal relationships, fluctuating self imagine, self destructive actions
Borderline Personality Disorder
- Marked impulsivity - frantic efforts to avoid abandonment - real/imagined - Fears impending separation or rejection - Instability and intensity or interpersonal relationships - Self-mutilating behavior and suicidal gestures
Borderline Personality Disorder (Axis II)
line or point where a system or subsystem can be differentiated from the surrounding systems. Can be rigid, permeable, or in between- General systems theory
Boundary
- NO relationships, once a client always a client - self-disclosure, do not talk about yourself - if client is attracted
Boundary Violations
- the goal of this approach is not symptom reduction rather it is interested in improving the intergenerational transmission process - important interconnected concepts are differentiation, emotional system, multigenerational transmission, emotional triangle, nuclear family, family projection process, sibling position, and societal regression
Bowenian Family Therapy
Attachment Theory
Bowlby
A- 1 or more following. one has to be 1,2,3 1. delusions, 2. hallucinations 3. disorganized speech, 4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior B- episode is at least 1 day but less than 1 month, withe vitally full return to norma functioning C- not better explained
Brief Psychotic Disorder
A.presence of one or more of the following symptoms: Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech Grossly disorganized/catatonic behavior B. Duration - at least 1 day but less than a month C. Not MDD or Bipolar
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Presence of one (or more) of the following symptoms. At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3): 1. Delusions. 2. Hallucinations. 3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence). 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. episode of the disturbance is at least 1 day but less than 1 month
Brief Psychotic Disorder
systematic, focused process that relies on assessment, client engagement, typically between 6-20 sessions,
Brief Therapy
Recurrent episodes of binge eating; Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; fasting; or excessive exercise
Bulimia Nervosa
not recommended or unsafe to use
Contraindicated
A. Recurrent binge eating: 1. eating amounts that is larger than most individuals one in that period of time 2. sense of lack of control over eating B. Recurrent compensatory beh. C. Both occur 1+ weeks for every 3 months D. Self eval. is influenced by weight E. Does not occur exclusively during anorexia
Bulimia Nervousa
Morality of Care -Feminist response to Kohlberg's perspective on moral development. -Theorizes a morality of "care" reflects women's experience more accurately than one that emphasizes justice & rights.
Carol Gilligan
Cut Down Annoyed or angry Guilty Eye Opener
CAGE
Beck- behavior determined by thinking and goal
CBT
Active collaborative structured time limited goal oriented problem focused
CBT characteristics
Symptoms: - Relentless, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, disjointed thought, rambling and flushing of the face Extreme cases: Mania, disorientation, hallucinations and psychosis
Caffeine Intoxication
Conjunctival injection. (red eyes) Increased appetite. Dry mouth. Tachycardia. (heart rate up)
Cannabis Intoxication
Irritability, anger, or aggression. Nervousness or anxiety. Sleep difficulty (e.g., insomnia, disturbing dreams). Decreased appetite or weight loss. Restlessness. Depressed mood. At least one of the following physical symptoms causing significant discomfort: abdominal pain, shakiness/tremors, sweating, fever, chills, or headache.
Cannabis Withdrawal
Must occur within 12 months period in order to be diagnosed - at least 2 criteria: Failure to reduce Failure of obligations Physically hazardous
Cannabis use disorder
Receiving a fixed rate for a designated number of sessions or clients
Capitation
A- disturbances in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that are inappropriate for the individuals age and language skills, persistent over time, and are characterized by frequent and marked occurrences of one or more of the following: 1. sound and syllable repetition 2. sound prolongation of consonants as well as vowels 3. broken words (pauses) 4. audible or silent blocking (filled or unfilled pauses) 5. circumlocations (word substitutions to prevent problem) 6. words produced with an excess of physical tension 7. monosyllabic whole-word repetitions B- causes anxiety about speaking or limitations in effective communication , social participation, academic achievement, or occupational performance, individually or any combination C- onset of symptoms early dev. period D- not attributable to speech-motor or sensory deficits, dysfuency associated with neurological insult (stroke, tumor, trauma) or other medical conditions not meter explains by another mental disorder.
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
Disturbances in the normal fluency & time patterning of speech that are inappropriate for the individual's age & language skills, persist over time
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
Social learning theory
Children and adults learn largely through observation and are enabled to alter behavior by emulating/imitation the behavior of others who serve as models. -Bandura
Goal is to match needw ith least restrictive treatment enviornment that is safe and efective, client moves along cotiuum of care settings
Choosing a treatment Setting
Goal is to match need with least-restrictive treatment environment that is safe and effective, client moves along cotinuum of care settings from more-to-less restrictive, ideally.
Choosing a treatment setting
All personality, schizophrenia, dysthmic, cyclthohymic, GAD, hypochondiasis, somatization
Chronic disorders
All personality, schizophrenia, dysthymic, cyclothymic, GAD, hypochondriasis, somatization
Chronic disorders
Pattern of events and transitions over life course e.g. impact of wife's career over family - Ecological systems theory
Chronosystem
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Circular questioning is a technique used to explore differences between family members. Used if the family tells each other, "Don't talk about that".
Professional Ethics & Values
Clarify professional boundaries when clients ask social workers to do unethical things (ex: accompany client to church)
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Clarify what clients mean by language they use, "I feel 'depressed'."
Pavlov - learning occurs as a result of pairing previously neutral (conditioned) stimulus with an unconditioned (involuntary) stimulus so that proper response is learned
Classical Conditioning
Association
Classical conditioning refers to the process by which an individual learns a behavior through ______.
a process for affecting or intitating change either with or on behalf of clients to obtain services or resources that would not be provided; modify influence policies or practices that adversly affect groups; promote policeis that will result in providison of requisite resources
Client Advocacy
human beings as good, uses unconditional positive regard, genuineness, anxiety is caused by disorganization of self
Client Centered Therapy
Professional Ethics & Values
Client protection must be the first priority during services NOT professional standards (ex: if a social worker is abusing alcohol they are removed from direct services)
Professional Ethics & Values
Client records are mandated by law, regulatory authorities and agency policy. They may be used in legal actions. Social workers must maintain all records to protect the client.
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Client views on siblings and birth order can reveal a lot of information about the impact of their culture.
If there is an unually long period, address the silence ONLY!
Client's being Silence
human beings as inherently good, uses unconditional positive regard, genuineness, anxiety is caused by disorganization of self (ROGERS - 'ROGERIAN')
Client-Centered Therapy
c. a supportive group
Clients in a mental health agency group are encouraged by the group leader to socialize even when not participating in the group sessions. The group is probably: a. an analytically oriented group b. a behavioral group c. a supportive group d. a transactional group
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Clients often lose sight of the reasons for treatment and it's important for us to keep the client aware of the goals and focused on them.
Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic
Cluster B Personality Disorders
Anxious or fearful behavior Avoidant Dependent Obsessive - compulsive
Cluster C Personality Disorders
stimulant
Cocaine is a _________.
ALWAYS THE FIRST THING TO DO - Clients interest are always first
Code of Ethics
Jean Piaget - his stages address how humans come to gradually acquire knowledge - holds that children learn through interaction with the environment and others - learning is viewed through the internal mental processes including insight, information processing, memory and perception 1. Sensory motor (0-2) 2. Pre operational (2-7) 3. Concrete operations (7-11) 4. Formal operations (11-maturity)
Cognitive Theory
focus is on the present, present thinking motivates behavior, approach is collaborative, structured, time limited, goal oriented and problem focused
Cognitive Therapies
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Cognitive restructuring involved changing the cognitive from passive to active and the mindset from depressed to doing something.
Rational Emotive Therapy
Cognitive theorist, Albert Ellis developed what type of cognitive behavior theory also known as ABC theory of emotion?
- Psychological treatment of thoughts - Accurate definition of the problem - Good with depression and Anxiety Cognitive Errors - Cognitive Dissonance -
Cognitive theory
Task Centered
Cognitive, behavioral & social learning theory all share what kind of theoretical approach?
Delusion of Grandeur - unrealistic sense of importance, power "" of Persecution - others are out to harm "" of Reference - everything is related to the person Somatic delusion Control delusion - someone or something is controlling the person
Common Delusions
Satir, identified family roles based on communication patterns that became established and fixed in families. placater blamer leveler distracter
Communication FT
Active listening - Verbal non-verbal listening Congruence - Mirroring, connecting with client Limit setting Objective feedback - Not Hopelessness
Communication terms
More than one disorder
Comorbid
enables one to make up for real or fancied defiencies (example, stuttering man becomes writer)
Compensation
Attempt to shed normal feelings of inferiority
Compensation (individual psychology)
The attempt to shed normal feelings of inferiority
Compensation (individual psychology)
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Complete a social history to understand factors that affect behavior.
Anna Freud
Concept of Defense Mechanisms was developed by?
7-11 Years old, beginss abstract thinking, plays games with rules, cause/effect relationship is understood, logical implications are understood
Concrete Operations
thinking is independent of experience, thinking is reersible, rules of logic are developed
Concrete Operations Thinking
- repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior by a child or teenager in which social norms are rules are violated
Conduct Disorder
-Repetitive and persistent pattern of conduct which violates either basic rights of others or age-appropriate social norms or rules -Must have a diagnosis of CD as a child or teen to be dx'd w/ Antisocial PD as adult. -Most effective tx occurs across settings, provide parenting skills, behavioral modification at home & school
Conduct Disorder
A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated, as manifested by the presence of at least three (3) of the following 15 criteria in the past 12 months from any of the categories below, with at least one (1) criterion present in the past 6 months: Aggression to People and Animals; Destruction of Property; Deceitfulness or Theft; Serious Violations of Rules
Conduct Disorder
Manifested by filling in gaps of a client's memory with material that is created during the course of a narrative about history or personal experience, without intent to deceive Symptom found in certain types of severe memory disorder Korsakoff's syndrome 2nd to chronic alcoholism and dementia and Alzheimer's disease
Confabulation
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Confront intoxicated clients about acting out behavior.
Contains all the info that a client is paying attention to at any given time
Conscious (Psychoanalytic Theory)
The results are the same as what is already known
Construct Validity
- Utilization of a specialist to assist with a current work-related function - Purpose is to solve a problem - Voluntary - Authority comes from th eknwledge and skills of the consultant
Consultation
Content representative of the content of the property measured
Content Validity
agreement between two or more individual that specifies behavior change that is to take place in one or more individuals, and consequences of not honoring
Contingency Contract
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Continuing a therapeutic relationship through email is only appropriate for higher functioning clients.
DSM IV axes I, II and III have been combined
DSM5
c. interview clients and fill out forms during the initial interview
Data collection in the engagement phase of social work practice means that social workers: a. identify clients' financial and insurance resources b. seek out information on any legal or criminal problems c. interview clients and fill out forms during the initial interview d. read documents, records and other written materials
Aversion
Decreasing the likelihood & frequency of a behavior by presenting an unpleasant reinforcement or punishment is known as what type conditioning?
Denial - the most common defense mechanism - refusal to recognize reality ex. Addict admits to use but denies she has a problem Repression - the process of forgetting because event being too painful ex. Displacement - Gives their anger to someone else ex. Man angry at his boss goes home and kicks his dog Projection - Changing who has the anger and attributing one's thoughts or impulses to another person ex. Man complaining about his partners affair, when he is the on having the affair Projection Identification - unconsciously perceiving others behavior as a reflection of ones identity Regression - inappropriate cooping ex. adult throwing a tantrum like a child Acting out - emotional conflict is dealt with actions rather than feelings ex. man is sad after losing his dog and reacts by punching a baby in the face. Compensation - enables one to make up for something they lack ex. a person who stutters becomes a very expressive writer Conversion - repressed urge expressed by voluntary nervous system ex. death in the family is expressed through tingling pain in the leg. Decompensation - deterioration of existing defenses ex. Devaluation - used frequently by a person with borderline personality - Attributes exaggeratednegative qualities to self or another. Dissociation - express forbidden or unconscious impulses without taking responsibilty for the action ex. daydreaming or amnesia Idealization - overestimation of an admired aspect or tribute of another Identification - patterns themself after a significant other Identification with the agressor - indentifying with a powerful aggressor ex. abusing another and you were being abused Incorporation Psychic of a person is fiuratively ingested Inhibition - loss of motivation to engage in activity to avoid conflic/forbidden impulses ex. writing learning, social shyness Introjection - love or hatred symbolically absorbed by self ex. severe depressionor unconsicous unacceptable hatred or love toward self intellectuallization where the person avoids uncomfortable emotions by focusing on fact or logic. Jargon is also used to focus on words rather than emotions Isolation of affect - unacceptable impulse or ideaseperated from its original memory source, removing the emotion associated with it Rationalization - giving believable explanation for irrational behavior Reaction Formation - adopting opposite emotions to mask another ex. someone happy all the time is actually sad, someone sweet is actually very angry Splitting perceived self and others all good or all bad, not both. Sublimation - channel emotions into an activity or action ex. a kid channels his anger into athletics Substitution unattainable goal or unacceptable goal that is replace with one more attainable or acceptable ex Symbolization - a mental representation stands for some other thing Turning against self - deflect hostile agression or unacceptable thoughts from another towards self Undoing - a person using words or actions to symbolically reverse or negat something acceptable ex. washing hands to deal with obsessive thoughts
Defense Mechanisms
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Defense mechanisms are an unconscious process.
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Defense mechanisms serve to protect the ego functioning.
An irrational fear of and negative emotional reaction to homosexuality that manifests in contempt, condemnation, and malice toward gay men and lesbians
Define homophobia
The action and behavior that prevents others from accessing resources and opportunity
Define oppression
Cultural characteristics associated with maleness or femaleness vs sex is biological
Definition of gender
Developing a specific plan every time a child receives services which states what will be done to help the family remain together, or if the child is to be removed from the home, what will be done to provide a permanent, nurturing home for the child
Definition of permanency planning and "least restrictive option"
different from schizophrenia bc it does nto involve hallucination or delusion
Delirium
A strange thought or belief
Delusion
False, fixed beilef despite evidence to contrary
Delusion
False, fixed belief despite evidence to contrary
Delusion
false, fixed belief despive evidence to contrary
Delusion
-fixed beliefs that are not responsive to change in light of conflicting evidence - one month of delusions - no other psychotic symptoms
Delusional
A- 1 or more delusions with 1 month duration or longer B- Criterion A for schizophrenia never met C- funcitonining is not markedly impaired and behavior is not odd D- Manico or depressive eppisodes have occurs but brief E- not attributed to other effects of substance or medical condition.
Delusional Disorder
A. Presence of one or more delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer B. Criterion for A schizophrenia has never been met C. Behavior is not markedly impaired or bizarre/odd D. Not manic E.non substance induce
Delusional Disorder
The presence of one (or more) delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer
Delusional Disorder
primite defense, inability to acknwoledge true significance of thoughts, feeligns, wishes and behavior
Denial
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Denial is the first stage of grief.
Pattern of dependent and submissing behavior, relying on others to make decisions for them. Requires excessive reassurance and advice
Dependent Personality
A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation
Dependent Personality Disorder
Pattern of dependent and submissive behavior, relying on others to make decisions for them. Requires excessive reassurance and advice.
Dependent Personality Disorder
A. the presence of persistent or recurrent experiences of one or both: 1.Depersonalization: Experience of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one's thoughts, feelings, sensations, body or actions. 2. Derealization: Experiences of reality or detachment with respect to surroundings. B.During the deper. or dereal. experiences, reality testing reamains intact.
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
The presence of persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization, derealization, or both: 1. Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one's thoughts, feelings, sensations, body, or actions (e.g., perceptual alterations, distorted sense of time, unreal or absent self, emotional and/or physical numbing). 2. Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings (e.g., individuals or objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy, lifeless, or visually distorted).
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Depression is a result from cocaine withdrawal.
Celexa (Citalopram)
Depressive Disorders
Disruptive mood dysregulation D/O MDD Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)
Depressive Disorders
Lexapro (Escitalopram)
Depressive Disorders
Prozac (Fluoxetine)
Depressive Disorders
Zoloft (Sertraline)
Depressive Disorders
Friendly Visitors-did assessments Organization to provide for needy people. Was Micro Focused
Describe the Charity Organization Societies
Chicago Hull House 1889 Was Macro focused University students would live among poor and help immigrants to adjust and advocate labor conditions for women and children
Describe the Settlement Movement
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Destruction of another's property, lying & stealing describes a Conduct disorder.
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Determine the client's language before arranging for an interpreter.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Determine the degree to which the client's life is affected from their presenting problem.
1980's Giving control to the state and local government for social programs. TANF replaced AFDC
Devolution
1915 Critiqued SW and said it "was not yet professional" and lacked a specific technique
Dr. Abraham Flexner
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Educate parents about child development if the "problem" is age appropriate.
-ODD uses negativism, stubbornness, dawdling, procrastination, obstinateness, provocation, show their aggression, whereas w/ CD, children violate the rights of others.
Difference: Conduct Disorder and ODD
Core concept of the therapy in which a client can be an individual while in emotional contact with the family
Differentiation (Bowenian Family Therapy)
Becoming specialized in structure and function
Differentiation (systems theory)
disturbance or change in the usually integrative functions of memory, identity, perception
Disassociation
Professional Ethics & Values
Discuss confidentiality and the possibility of a subpoena in the first session before the client contracts for services.
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Discuss or CONFER" options with client and their families before making decisions or changes
A pattern of behavior in which a child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults and exhibits at least two of the following: 1. Reduced or absent reticence in approaching and interacting with unfamiliar adults. 2. Overly familiar verbal or physical behavior 3. Diminished or absent checking back with adult caregiver after venturing away, even in unfamiliar settings. 4. Willingness to go off with an unfamiliar adult with minimal or no hesitation.
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
- Bipolar - Schizophrenia - Depression
Disorders Best Treated By Medication
directing an impulse, wish or feeling toward a person that is not its real object (i.e. kicking a dog when you are mad at boss)
Displacement
A- severe recurrent temper outburst manifested verbally and/or behaviorally that out of proportion in intensity and duration B- temper outburst are inconsistent w/ dev. level C- occur on average 3 or more times per week D- mood between outburst is irritable or angry E- Criteria A-D present for 12 or more months. F- A-D in atleast 2 of 3 env. (home, school, peers) G- not before age 6 or after 18 H- onset before 10 I- never more than 1 day of manic or hypomanic J- do not occur durig an episode of major depressive disorder and not explained by other disorder.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
a process which enables a person to split mengal functions in a manner that allows him to express forbidden impulses without takngi responsibility, i.e. futue states, amneisia
Dissasociation
disturbance or change in the usually integrative functions of memory, idenitty, perception
Dissocation
- inability to recall important autobiographical information -cant remember anything about themselves
Dissociative Amnesia
- inability to to recall autobiographical info (often traumatic) - specifier with dissociative fugue - types: - localized: fail to recall events during a circumscribed period of time - selective: some but not all of localized - generalized: complete loss
Dissociative Amnesia
An inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting. Note: most often consists of localized or selective amnesia for a specific event or events; or generalized amnesia for identity and life history.
Dissociative Amnesia
- flight or travel - memory loss - often new identity
Dissociative Fugue
- dissociation of personality - adoption of others (2-100, avg. 15) - unique characteristics - characteristics - host (one who seeks help) - switch
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states, which may be described in some cultures as an experience of possession. The disruption in identity involves marked discontinuity in sense of self and sense of agency, accompanied by related alterations in affect, behavior, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory-motor functioning. These signs and symptoms may be observed by others or reported by the individual
Dissociative Identity Disorder
ease of being interrupted by sound, light etc. - Temperament
Distractability
reality testing
Disturbances in orientation and thinking are suggestive of a compromise in _____________.
Do not define groups, cultural group define themselves Describes the multifaced ways in which human beings can both similar and different Stratification - the structured inequality of the entire categories of people who have different access to social rewards as a result Institutionalized discrimination - discrimination which has long been accepted as governmental or organizational operating procedures, laws or objectives. Ethinc stratification - Social Stratification -
Diversity
Yes, you are not done after the legal adoption is done...
Do professionals offer post-legal adoption services?
Family Systems Theory - Psychodynamic -Theory: double-bind communication in families
Don Jackson
c. pseudo-mutuality
Dysfunctional families that try to maintain the appearance of open, reciprocal relationships with each other are best described by the term: a. enmeshment b. mystification c. pseudo-mutuality d. disoriented
depressed mood for most of the day, for at least 2 years in adults, in children and adolescents, symtpoms only need to be present for one year and can manifest as irrtiabiltiy, symptoms nevr absent from 2+ months
Dysthmic Disorder
- depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years
Dysthymia
Pica
Eating one or more non-nutritive substance, e.g., paint, string, hair, insects, pebbles on a persistent basis is known as?
Used to develop a broad understanding of a child and his/her situation, to identify her systems and the interactions that happen in them.
Ecological Approach (P.I.E.)
Focus is on interrelatedness between person and environment, degree of fit between person and surroundings, interface between client and client environment
Ecological Model
Community - Macro Group/Family - Mezzo Individual - Micro Views human development from a person-in-environment context
Ecological Perspective
understanding people and their environment.
Ecological Perspective
Trust vs. Mistrust (1 years old) - World is reliable place and I can trust VS the world is dangerous and I cannot trust Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (1-2 years old) - I can accomplish things vs I am incompetent and unsuccessful Intiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years) - I can follow my curiosity vs it's wrong for me to explore and initiate Industry vs. Inferiority (6- Puberty) - I can take pleasure in my achievement vs Im not as capable as others Identity vs Role Confusion/Diffusion (12-18 years old) - I can define myself as an independent person vs I can only define myself like others Intimacy vs. Isolation (20s - 40s) - I can achieve emotional closeness with others vs. getting close is more risky than it is worth Generativity vs. Stagnation (40s - 60s) - My contribution through future generations vs there is no meaning beyond my finite life
Erikson Psychosocial Functioning
intimacy vs isolation (early to late 20s)
Erikson's _______ stage is the stage when the developmental task is to establish interpersonal intimacy.
Another person is in love with the individual
Erotomanic type
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Establishing boundaries with borderline clients is especially important.
Consult NASW
Ethical Dilemma: First Step
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Evaluate for depression even when describing school/teacher concerns.
Must have method to evaluate effectiveness of intervention
Evaluating
Determine the effectiveness of your intervention. 1) Monitor 2) Analyze 3) Improve
Evaluation
using the best scientific evidence available in deciding how to intervene with individuals, families, groups, or communities
Evidence based practice (EBP)
...
Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder
Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions
Excoriation Disorder
An individual experiences a sexual arousal by exposing genitals to these who do not wish to see them (over a period of 6 months) B. Individual has acted on these urges with a non-consenting person or cause distress
Exhibitionism
From outside, external cause
Exogenous Depression
caused by external events of psychosocial stresors
Exogenous depression
caused by external events of psychosocial stressors
Exogenous depression
links between social settings in which individual has no active role (husband influenced by exosystem of wife's stressful work environment) - Ecological systems theory
Exosystem
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Explore clients resistance to taking medication, if they are refusing and no progress is being made.
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Explore cultural beliefs about mental illness with clients.
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Explore feelings behind behaviors with clients.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Exploring client's thoughts about how social workers can help provides the client with a sense of control.
using words and gestures to say what we mean
Expressive communication
African Americans
Extended family, church organizations, and self-help groups are predominant sources of strength for which race/ethnic group?
Results can be applied outside of the study
External Validity
withholding a reinforce that normally follows sa behavior with consequent decline in the behavior, behavior that fails to produce reinforecement will eventually cease
Extinction
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
FIRST discuss client's perception of their conflicts in regards to their culture.
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
FIRST normalize feelings between teenager and parents.
Test focus directly on the behavior of interest
Face Validity
A.over a period of a least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from either the use of non living objects or a higher specific focus on nongenital body parts as manifested by ... B. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in ect... C.
Fetishistic Disorder
Margaret Mahler's "object constancy"
Final sub-phase of individuation (process of separation-individuation); infant's ability to recall the mother despite her absence; occurs at about 14 months.
Superficial behavioral changes within a system that do not change the structure of the system
First-order Changes (Strategic Family Therapy)
An inability to progress normally from one stage to another due to too much gratification or too much frustration
Fixation (Psychosexual Development)
Perceptual, process oriented approach which focuses on awareness, wholeness, contact and self regulation
Focus of Gestalt Therapy
Shared delusion, a person may develop delusional system as a result of close relationship with person who already has established system
Folie a deux
Shared delusion. A person may develop delusional system as a result of close relationship with person who already has established system.
Folie a deux
False, SW's in good faith are mandated to report all suspected case of abuse.
For mandated Reporting of abuse, the NASW Code of Ethics states the SW should have witness the abuse before a report is made: True or False
d. be aware of personal biases
For rapport to develop, it is important for a social worker to: a. always empathize with the client b. have similar issues as the client c. be congruent in words and behaviors d. be aware of personal biases
Idealization
Form of denial in which the object of attention is presented as "all good" masking true negative feelings toward the other is called?
11+ , higher level of abstraction, construction of ideals, planning for future, thinks hypothetically, decenter through interactions with peers and elders, assumes adult roles
Formal Operations
Dynamic & Ethnocentricity
Formation of a Culturally Competent Practice the Individual practitioner should understand the ______ of the differences of her/his own culture & that of the client & recognize their own ______.
Develop
Formation of a Culturally competent Practice the individual practitioner should ______ a detailed knowledge of various cultures.
Adapt & Accommodate
Formation of a culturally competent practice the individual practitioner should _____ their practice skills to _____ a client's culture
Aware & Knowledge
Formation of a culturally competent practice the individual practitioner should become _____ of & gain _____ about the differences in cultures.
Values & Beliefs
Formation of a culturally competent practice the individual practitioner should become aware of her/his own cultural _____ & _____.
Focuses on what was done; the process
Formative Evaluation
focus on process.
Formative evaluation
Person, problem, place, process
Four P's of Problem Solving
BILING
Fraud
Repression
Freud believed that thoughts & ideas that create anxiety or distress are pushed from the conscious to the unconscious. This process is referred to as?
Overjoyed with Anna, Pop Loves his Girl.
Freud's Mnemonic
An individual experiences erotic pleasure by rubbing against or touching a non- consenting person(over at least a 6 month period) B. Individual has acted on these urges with a non-consenting person or cause distress
Frotteurism
Id - What I see, I want (strong Id lacks for care of others) Ego - You can't always get what you want (Strong ego, rational and efficient but cold and distant) Super ego - Moral judge, guilt (storong super ego feels guilty all of the time.
Frued (Id, Ego, Super ego)
helping process between ct and therapist, change resides in the client.
Functional Approach
not based on "treatment" goal of relationship is not set before treatment begins, uses time phases, less emphasis on diagnosis
Functional Approach
1) Progressive - or taxes levied against a person's income & as it goes up so does the tax. 2) Regressive - or tax that is acquired via sales taxes or social security & typically more of a burden to the poor
Funding of Gov't Social Welfare Prog's are achieved thru one of two types of Taxes?
1944, Education, training, employment, home and business loans.
GI Bill
Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as indicated by the individual exhibiting four (or more) of the following 9 symptoms in a 12-month period
Gambling Disorder
-transgender
Gender Dysphoria
A pervasive enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture.manifested in 2 (or more) of the following areas: Cognition , Affectivity , Interpersonal functioning. Interpersonal functioning. Impulse control.
General Personality Disorder
A. Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities. B. The individual finds it difficult to control the worry. C. The anxiety and worry are associated with 3+ of the following 6 symptoms (with at least some of the symptoms having been present for more days than not in the past 6 months): 1. Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge. 2. Being easily fatigued. 3. Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank. 4. Irritability. 5. Muscle tension. 6. Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restless, unsatisfying sleep. D. The anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. E. The disturbance is not attributed to the physiological effects of a substance or other medical condition.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities (such as work or school performance)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Caring: guiding and developing next generation - Erikson
Generativity v. Stagnation
Adulthood; mature persons interest in establishing and guiding next generation, self absorption can lead to lack of generativity
Generativity vs. Self Absorption
a graphic representation of a families interactions and history
Genogram
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Geriatric Depression Inventory assesses the elderly for suicide risk.
process/perception oriented, focuses on whoelness, awareness, self regulation. focus is on the HERE and NOW, client becomes more aware through workers observations, CONTRAINDICATED FOR PROBLEMS OF SELF CONTROL
Gestalt
Holistic Nature, Here & Now
Gestalt Theory focuses on the _______ ______ of human experience in the _____ & ______.
Fritz Perls
Gestalt Theory was founded by _____?
Here and Now. Taking responsibility for ones own actions enhancing awareness
Gestalt Therapy
process orientated approach which focuses on awareness, wholeness, contact and self regulation. integrations of mind body thoughts and action are central to approach
Gestalt Therapy
process-orientated approach; focuses on awareness, wholeness, contact, self-regulation (adjustments). Integrations of mind, body, thoughts, action are central to approach
Gestalt Therapy
purpose of existence for system, reason for being - General systems theory
Goal
Degree to which parent and child fit together re: temperament (culturally defined) - Temperament
Goodness of Fit
Bringing together individuals w/ common belief into a group inevitably --> their each becoming extreme in this belief.
Group Polarization
group decisions that is more extreme than any of the members would have adopted on own.
Group Polarization
process that occurs during group decision making when discussion strenghtens a dominant point of view and results in a shift to a more extreme position than any of the membrs would adopt on his own
Group Polarization
-Members, through process of interaction, gain knowledge/insight into themselves for purpose of change. -The focus of group psychotherapy is treatment of pathology or illness.
Group Psychotherapy
Focus is treatment of pathology or illness
Group Psychotherapy
Goal: treatment of pathology or illness
Group Psychotherapy
great group cohesion and loyalty= possibly resulting in poor decisions.
Group Think
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Group members need to resolve issues themselves. Should be a group decision and not a decision pushed by the social worker.
Occurs during group decision making when discussion strengthens a dominant point of view and results in a shift to a more extreme position than any of the members would adopt on their own
Group polarization
Complementary
Group therapy is generally recommended as a __________ Intervention or Therapy. It is not used as an individual treatment method but as a supplement.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Group therapy is the preferred method of treatment for all addictive behaviors since the group process breaks down client's denial and rationalizations.
When a group makes faulty decisions because of group pressures
Groupthink
high group cohesion which results in failure to consider other alternatives. Group leader can counter act this w/ placing positive value on open inquiry.
Groupthink
high group cohesion which results in failure to consideration other alternatives
Groupthink
-Healthcare Providers -Healthcare clearing houses -Health plans
HIPAA only applies to covered entitles of:
provides minimum legal standard with regard to the transmission of electronic health cords `
HIPPA
Histrionic personality disorder vs. Narcissistic personality disorder
HPD: Excessive emotionality & attention seeking; constantly seeking reassurance, approval or praise; egocentricity & LACK of empathy. NPD: Grandiose sense of self-importance; fantasies of unlimited success, feelings of entitlement, exploiting others, extreme polarities of idealizing and devaluing others.
The Research Hypothesis or statement of what you're trying to prove.
Ha is the symbol for?
...
In developing an alliance with a voluntary client, a social worker should: a. Assure the client that the agency's treatment goals are appropriate for the client b. Assure the client that everything is confidential c. Demonstrate that the client's preferences and goals will be respected and that the client will not lose control Suggest a written contract that specifies both the worker and client's responsibilities
Environment & Individual
In ego psychology, adaptation is defined as the reciprocal relationship between the ______ & the ______?
The family as a whole rather than an individual as the problem
In family-centered practice, practitioners and families frame problems as what?
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
In group therapy, it's always important to deal with all issues within the whole group.
-The client is HIV positive -The client/victim engaged in unprotected sex or shared drug injection equipment -The behavior is actually unsafe -Client intends to continue the behavior after being counseled -HIV transmission will likely occur
In order for a therapist to break confidentiality & warn an intended victim of the client's HIV status, 5 facts have to be proven:
Unwanted & Undesirable
In psychoanalytic theory, problems, issues & dysfunctions are described as _____ & ______ behaviors.
Educate the client on the risks to self & others associated with HIV & promote self-determination.
In the case of a HIV client who is engaging in unprotected sex the SW's 1st responsibility is to?
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
In the evaluation process for sexual dysfunction, first rule out any medical basis for the dysfunction.
...
In the first interview with a voluntary client, the primary purpose of asking questions is to: a. Establish a warm and accepting atmosphere to insure that the client will return b. Determine the presenting problem so that a decision can be made on the appropriateness, scope and direction of additional interviews and intervention c. Direct and focus the client's conversation on the client's family history d. Find out if the client really wants help
...
In the first meeting with parents referred by Children's Services due to child abuse allegations, the social worker would most likely: a. Confront the parents on their inappropriate use of physical discipline b. Meet separately with the parents c. Discuss the parents concerns and feelings about being referred for treatment d. Indicate the parents could lose their child if they do not cooperate
Limits
In the formation of a culturally competent practice the individual practitioner should be able to express the ____ of their knowledge about the client's cultural values & beliefs.
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
In the middle phase of alcohol treatment, the most difficult task is for alcoholics to confront psychosocial realities about themselves.
Delirium
Inability to focus or remember, disorientation, and language disturbances & is brief & fluctuates during throughout the day is?
Isolation
Inability to simultaneously experience the cognitive and affective components of a situation is called?
primitive mechanism in which psychic representation of a person is figuratevely ingested
Incorporation
- Believed to cause or determine another variable - The Variable you are studying (the "if" varible)
Independent Varible (Research Variables)
Alfred Adler - belief that the main motivations for human behavior are not sexual or aggressive urges but striving for perfection - children naturally feel weak and inadequate compared to adults, and this natural feeling of inferiority drives them to adapt, develop skills and master challenges - aim of therapy is to develop a more adaptive lifestyle by overcoming feelings of inferiority and self-centeredness and to contribute more toward the welfare of others
Individual Psychology
Alfred Adler - the main motivations for human behavior are not sexual or aggressive urges but striving for perfection - children naturally feel weak and inadequate in comparison to adults, and this normal feeling drives them to adapt, develop skills and master challenges - the aim of therapy is to develop a more adaptive lifestyle by overcoming feelings of inferiority and self-centeredness and to contribute more toward the welfare of others
Individual Psychology
Alfred Adler
Individual psychology --Major tenet is notion that ALL psychopathology involves an inferiority complex. --Psychopathology is the product of a misguided life style rather than fixation or regressions.
School age; period before puberty where child learns how to do things with others
Industry vs. Inferiority
Begin to recognize faces and develop attachments. If no attachments are present will hinder, Language and Physical development.
Infancy
Disorders associated with chronic use of alcohol, caused by vitamin b (thiamine) deficiency. Memory problems, tx'd by admin of thiamine.
Korsakoff's Syndrome
Discrimination which has long been aaccepted as govermental or organizational operating procedures, laws or objectives
Institutionalized Discrimination
Discrimination which has long been accepted as governmental or organizational operating procedures, laws or objectives.
Institutionalized Discrimination
achieved satisfying intimacy with other human beings, acceptance w responsibility for life, without ego integration there is marked display of disgust
Integrity vs. Disgust
Onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains
Intellectual Development Disorder
A-deficits in intellectual functioning: reasoing, problems solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, learning from experience confirmed by both clinical and individuals standardized testing B- adaptive funct. failure to meet dev. and sociocultural standards for independence and social responsibility. without support limit functioning on one or more activities of daily life (communication, social participation, independent living) across multiple env. C- onset is during in tell. and adaptive during developmental period.
Intellectual Disability
amount of energy exhibited in emotional expression - Temperament
Intensity
system affects the environment and environment affects system- General systems theory
Interchange and environment
All parts effect all other parts of system reciprocally- General systems theory
Interdependence
Recurrent behavioral outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses as manifested by either of the following: 1. Verbal aggression (e.g., temper tantrums, tirades, verbal arguments or fights) or physical aggression toward property, animals, or other individuals, occurring twice weekly, on average, for a period of 3 months. The physical aggression does not result in damage or destruction of property and does not result in physical injury 2. Three behavioral outbursts involving damage or destruction of property and/or physical assault involving physical injury against animals or other individuals occurring within a 12-month period
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Confidence that cause produced the effect
Internal Validity
temperature
Interval
- Universalization - Clarification - Confrontation - Interpretation - refraiming - relabeling
Intervening
Info. & Referral (I & R)- increase client knowledge of possible services. Network Linkages- Linking clients to multiple systems
Intervention
Love: ability to give and receive love, long term relationships - Erikson
Intimacy v. Isolation
Young adulthoodl young person begins to establish inimacy with himself and with others, fear of identity loss may lead to isolation
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Professional Ethics & Values
Intimate relationships are always a violation of boundaries.
loved or hated external objects are symbolically absored within self, i.e. in severe depression, unconscious unacceptable hatred is turned towards self
Introjection
Only done if someone is a harm to self or someone else
Involuntary Commitment
Substance Abuse
Involves the failure to fulfill major obligations at work, school, and/or home results in DUI's, legal issues, disorderly conduct, & arguing with significant others is?
Wernicke's Encephalopathy - Involuntary movements, poor balance, drowsiness and confusion Korsakoff's Psychosis - (if the above is not treated) - difficulty in learning, memory gaps, etc..
Korsakoff's Syndrome (Alcoholism) (Linear progression)
disorders assicated with chronic use of alchol, caused by vitamin b deficiency, has memory problems, treatment is admin of thiamine
Kosakoffs Syndrome
1. Denial and Isolation 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance
Kubler-Ross Five Stages of Death and Dying
Substance Abuse
Involves the need for increased amounts of a substance to get intoxicated, presence of withdrawal & persistent desire or efforts to cut down or quit is?
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Irresponsibility and aggressiveness describes an Antisocial Personality disorder.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Irritable or angry mood and argumentative/defiant behavior describe Oppositional Defiant Disorder.
unacceptable impulse, idea, act is separated from its original memory source, therby removing the original emoitnal charge associated with it
Isolation of Affect
A splitting of ideas from the feelings originally associated with them. The idea that remains in the consciousness is therefore deprived of its motivational force so that action is thwarted & guilt is avoided.
Isolation of affect
Professional Ethics & Values
Issues that come up in groups should be discussed individually with members when gathering information.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
It is important for the client to understand the reasons for their diagnosis and the behaviors that led to it.
Professional Ethics & Values
It would be unethical to abandon a depressed and suicidal (even with no plan) client because of insurance and inability to attend.
Built the Chicago Hull House and based it off of Toynbee Hall, London 1884 A key forerunner of SW and studied P.I.E.
Jane Addams
d. battered women sometimes do not protect themselves and will permit violent men to reenter their lives even when a court order prohibits contact
Jane is a client at a mental health clinic who has been attacked by her boyfriend on several occasions. She appears one day with her face badly bruised. Though she has previously been to court and her boyfriend has been ordered by a judge to stay away, he continues to harass and threaten her. In advising the client, the social worker should be aware that: a. court orders are rarely violated because offenders are afraid of arrest b. the police will react swiftly and will vigorously enforce orders of protection c. women often will not accuse their attackers for fear of retribution d. battered women sometimes do not protect themselves and will permit violent men to reenter their lives even when a court order prohibits contact
Child Intellectual Development; created a systematic study of cognitive development in children based on schemas (building blocks of knowledge) + assimilation (moving from one stage to another); 4 stages of development: 1) sensorimotor; 2) preoperational; 3) concrete operational; 4) formal operational.
Jean Piaget
1. Sensorimotor 0-2 yeas old - develops primitive logic - develops intantions - understands signal meanings - understands symbol meanings 2. Preoptional 2-7 years old - comprehends past, present, and future - imaginary friends - cant see point-of-views - thinking is not generalized 3. Concrete operations 7-11 years old - abstract thoughts - cause and effect is understood - thinking is independent - plays with rules 4. Formal moperations 11 through maturity - higher level of abstract - planning for the future - hypothetical thinking - assumes adult roles and responsibility
Jean Piaget Theory of cognitive development
After Mary Ellen Case, brought about change in 1874-1875. Children no longer thought of as property, but recognized for their age.
Juvenile Court Systems Formed
children account for 34.6% of those living in poverty
Juvenilization of Poverty
Recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects that are not needed for personal use or for their monetary value
Kleptomania
We split up issues into group and shift responsibilities onto people
Know the example given in class of "wedging off" of groups
Stage 3: Rules obeyed for approval Stage 4: Rules obeyed to avoid feelings of guilt
Kohlberg: Conventional morality
Stage 5: Judgments based on democratically arrived at social contracts Stage 6: Judgements based on universal moral principals that span history and culture
Kohlberg: Post-conventional morality
Stage 1: Rules obeyed to avoid punishment stage 2: Rules obeyed to earn reward
Kohlberg: Pre-conventional morality
counteracting entropy, successful use of available energy
Negative Entropy
LEVEL 1 (Pre-Conventional) Stage 1: Moral judgements are concrete & framed from an individual perspective; obedience and punishment orientation (avoid punishment). Stage 2: Emphasis on moral reciprocity; focus is on pragmatic value of action; self-interest orientation ("what's in it for me?"). LEVEL 2 (Conventional) Stage 3: Persons define what is right w/reference to what is expected by people with whom they have close relationships. Being virtuous is defined through maintaining trusting/loyal relationships; interpersonal accord and conformity (social norms). Stage 4: A shift from narrow local norms and role expectations to a larger social system perspective. Social responsibilities & observing laws are important aspects of social responsibility; authority and social-order maintaining orientation (law and order morality). LEVEL 3 (Post-Conventional) Stage 5: Ethical reasoning is formed on the basis of general principles and is understood in accordance w/underlying rules & norms; social contract orientation. Stage 6: Universal ethical principles. Moral reasoning is based on abstract reasoning using universal ethical principles.
Lawrence Kohlberg - 6 Stages of Moral Reasoning (detailed version)
Greater risk of: - Suicide - Physical and Verbal Harassment - Substance Abuse * let the client self identify
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Issues
Stimulus Barrier
Level of integrated response to stimuli; ability to focus, screen out distractions is called?
WRITING untrue statement
Libel
Common Medications Rx's for Anxiety/Panic D/O's
Librium, Xanax, Haldol, Celexa, Paxil, Toranil, Klonopin, and Valium are?
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Life cycle changes can create stress on a family.
-Small difference between toxic and therapeutic levels (ie low therapeutic index) -Need to check blood levels of Li, thyroid and kidney functions periodically. -Better at controlling mania than depression.
Lithium
Small difference between toxic and therapeutic levels, need to check periodic blood levles of Li. Also need for period check of thyroid and kidney functions as Li can affect these organs
Lithium
most effect in rpeventing recurrences of mania than recurrences of depression, must continue med in order to prevent mania
Lithium
Bipolar II Disorder
Lithium, Depakote and Clonazepam are?
weight gain
Lithium: Major factor in non-compliance with taking
Extent to which an individual believes that life events are under his own control or under the control of external forces -Social Role Theory
Locus of Control
Extent to which an indiviudal believes that life events are under his own control or under the control of external forces
Locus of Control
extent to which an individual believes that life events are under own control (internal) or others (external)
Locus of control
Regression
Losing of some aspect of development already achieved due to anxiety causing a person to revert to a previously attained stage or lower level of adaption is called?
antidepressants
MAO inhibitors are a class of ________________.
Marplan; Nardil; Emsam; Parnate
MAOIs
Culture in which individuals live, e.g. country or govt. systems - Ecological systems theory
Macrosystem
Separation-Individuation Theory of Development
Mahler
Mood Disorders
Maj Dep, Manic, Mixed or Hypomanic Episodes are all associated with which D/O?
-discrete episodes of at least 2 weeks duration involving clear-cut changes in affects, cognition, and neurovegetative functions and inter-episode remission
Major Depressive
A- 5 or more for 2 week period. one of the symptoms has to either be 1 or 2. 1. depressed mood 2. diminished interest or pleasure at all 3. sig. weight loss 4. insomnia or hypersomnia 5. psychomotor agitation (heavy arms) 6. fatigue or loss of energy 7. worthlessness or inappropriate guilt 8. diminished ability to think or concrete, indecisiveness 9. recurrent thoughts of death.
Major Depressive Disorder
A. 5 or more of the following present during the same 2-wk period and at least one of the symptoms is (1) or (2). 1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly everyday 2. Decreased pleasure or interest in most activities 3. Significant weight loss when not dieting, or weight gain, or decrease or increase in appetite 4. Insomnia or hypersomnia 5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation 6. Fatigue 7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt 8. Diminished ability to concentrate, indecisiveness 9. Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or specific plans of suicide
Major Depressive Disorder
counteracting entropy, successful use of available energy; process of system toward growth and development.
Negative Entropy (Negentropy)
False
Malingering is a diagnosis: True or False?
Somatization
Manifestation of emotional anxiety into physical symptoms is called?
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Many abuse victims avoid the painful subject by saying it never happened.
Separation - Individuation: Child Development -Separation: Differentiation (infant mind) between infant and mother. -Individuation: Development of infant's ego, sense of identity & cognitive abilities.
Margaret Mahler
seperation individuation theory of child development
Margaret Mahler
*AUTISITC-1stmo: Infant focused on self; incapable of investing in others. *SYMBIOTIC-1-5mo: Infant breaks out of the autistic shell, understands mother's existence as separate being and also able to experience unity w/mother. *SEPARATION-INDIVIDUATION PROCESS 1) Differentiation (6-9mo): Increase locomotion. 2) Practicing (9-14mo): Child more active. 3) Rapprochement (14-24mo): Shadowing mother; child moves away returning for emotional refueling. 4) Development of Object Constancy (14+mo): Child able to recall mother despite her absence.
Margaret Mahler - Developmental stages
Final sub-phase of individuation (process of separation-individuation); infant's ability to recall the mother despite her absence; occurs at about 14 months.
Margaret Mahler's "object constancy"
Autism, symbiosis, differentiation, practicing, rapproachment, on the way to object constancy
Margaret Mahler's sequential stages toward separation-individuation
Noticeable in habitual users with in 8 hours after stopping and strongest in the first ten days, but can last after for 45 days
Marijuana Withdrawals
Leader and Founder of SW profession, advocated for us to get degrees or receive professional training. Also came up with 1) Strengths Perspective 2) P.I.E. Wrote "Social Diagnosis" 1917 1st SW book.
Mary Richmond
Physiological (food, water); Safety; Love & Belonging; Self-esteem; Self-actualization. Only 1% of population consistently operates at highest level.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (Bottom to Top)
5. Self-actualization - expression of capabilities and potentialities 4. Status/Esteem - having status and acceptance in one's group 3. Belonging/Loving - feeling secure when in close, intimate contact with others 2. Saftey - avoidance of pain and physical damage. 1. Physiological - food, water, and air
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
The sum of a list of numbers, divided by the number of numbers 10, 10, 10, 10, = 40 divided by 4 = the mean 10
Mean
The "middle" value 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, = the median is 20
Median
free medical and hospital care for those too p oor or disabled to provide care for themselves, it is not a nationally uniform program
Medicaid
danger to self, danger to others, inability to care for self
Medical Necessity for Involuntary Commitment
eligibility based on age or disability, nationally uniform program adminstered by def goverment through the health care financing adminsitation
Medicare
- Methadone: a synthetic narcotic used to detox from opiates or heroin - Antabuse: medication that produces unpleasant side effects (flushing, nausea, vomiting, hypotension and anxiety) if a client drinks alcohol (aversion therapy) - naltrexone: drug used to reduce cravings for alcohol; blocks the effects of opioids
Medication-assisted addiction treatment
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Meet with parents to discuss and understand their decisions.
Thought Processes (Cognition)
Memory, concentration and attention. Abstract vs. Concrete thinking is called?
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Men and women will Borderline Personality Disorder exhibit different patterns of impulse related disorders.
assesmet of an appearance,affect, speech, thought process judgment and insight *mental status is not a history of the client's psychological functioning it's the right here and right now
Mental status exam
relations between microsystems or contexts, e.g. families in church - Ecological systems theory
Mesosystem
synthetic narcotic taken instead of opiates, can be legally perscribed to subsitute heroin
Methadone
synthetic narcotic taken instead of opiates, can be legally prescribed to substitute heroin.
Methadone
therapist: Plays games performing roles as though scripted to do so
Methods used in Transactional Analysis
Narrative Therapy
Michael White
setting in which individual lives, e.g. family, peers, neighborhood - Ecological systems theory
Microsystem
Exchange of energy and resources between systems that promote growth and transformation
Negative entropy (systems theory)
...
Mr. Blank, an 80 year old resident of a nursing home, seems anxious after every visit from his son. The case manager discovers from the nursing staff that the son is trying to get money from Mr. Blank to buy a new car. Knowing that his son is an alcoholic, Mr. Blank does not want to provide him with cash, worrying that he would spend the money on alcohol. The best intervention the social worker could do is: a. Recommend to the nursing staff that they monitor the son's visits b. Have discussions with Mr. Blank about his son and his concerns about the son's drinking c. Tell Mr. Blank to refuse visits from his son d. Arrange a meeting with Mr. Blank's son
c. is intoxicated
Mrs. W has a long history of alcohol abuse. Though she has made several failed attempts to quite, she is now convinced that alcohol is affecting her heart and liver and she decides to stop drinking. She refuses medical supervision. Several days after deciding to quit, she arrives at the clinic without making an appointment and demands to see her social worker. She is loud and demanding and seems disheveled and uncoordinated. She then abruptly leaves the clinic. The social worker might conclude that Mrs. W : a. is going through alcohol withdrawal and needs medical attention b. wants the social worker's help in managing her discomfort c. is intoxicated d. may be experiencing delusions
Bowen,MULTIPLE FAMILIES WITH MUTUAL UNDERSTANDINGS. Role Playing, Differentiation within family.
Multigenerational FT
A natural process of connection of current generations to past generations
Multigenerational transmission (Bowenian Family Therapy)
Dementia
Multiple cognitive deficits and intellectual deterioration. Involves problems with memory, language, perception, irritability, agitation, delusions, & loss of control. Symptoms are stable and last over long periods of time is?
Bowen Family System Theory -Role of thinking versus feeling (reactivity) -Role of emotional triangles -Undifferentiated family ego mass -Family projection process -Emotional cutoff
Murray Bowen
Single Subject Design
N=1 is what type of design?
Informed Consent
NASW Code of Ethics defines this as the affirmative agreement by the client to undergo treatment after all potential risks, benefits, and associated costs have been disclose to the client.
True
NASW Code of Ethics state except where appropriate as in martial relationships or work with groups, it is inappropriate to provide services to two or more people who have a relationship with each other: True or False
counteracting entropy, successful use of available energy
NEgative entropy
drug used to reduce cravings for alcohol, blocks effects of opiods
Naltrexone
A persuasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy of behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early childhood - arrogant
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Exaggerated sense of self importance, are absored by fanatasies of unlimited suyccess and seek constant attention
Narcisssistic Personality
Exaggerated sense of self importance, are absorbed by fantatasies of unlimited success and seek constant attention
Narcisssistic Personality Disorder
b) MAO Inhibitors
Nardil, Parnate, and Marplan are ____________. a) tricyclic antidepressants b) MAO inhibitors c) SSRIs d) Benzodiazepines
a. meet the client at the reservation
Native Americans are often distrustful about whether social workers will be able to provide treatment in a value-free manner. What would be the best intervention to promote trust? a. meet the client at the reservation b. maintain eye contact c. model self-disclosure d. not mention historic events that have affected the lives of Native Americans
Cultural competence involves working with natural helpers Ex: Family, Friends, neighbors, co-workers
Natural Helpers
Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both Obsessions are defined by: 1. Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced, as intrusive and unwanted, and that in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress. 2. The individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, urges, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action Compulsions: 1. Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. 2. The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent, or are clearly excessive
OCD
At least 6 months
ODD Oppositional Defiant Disorder
24-38 months, consolitation of individuality and object constancy, can substitue reliable internal image during absence, inception of unified self image
Object Constancy
child understands that mother is truly separate entity. - Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory
Object Constancy
Margaret Mahler - centered on relationships with others - lifelong relationship skills are rooted in attachments with parents, esp mothers - stages from 0-38 months 1. Normal autism 2. Normal symbiotic 3. Separation/individuation 4. Object constancy
Object Relations Theory (form of Behavioral theory)
3.5yrs
Object Relations concept refers to the way a child's Ego becomes organized over the first ___ of life.
Margaret Mahler
Object Relations theory was developed by?
Conscientious and high levels of aspiration but strive for perfect and are never satisfied
Obsessive Compulsive
- Obsessions and compulsions must take up > 1 hour of their time. - Obsessions - intrusive and nonsensical - thoughts, images, and urges - attempts to resist or eliminate - Compulsions - checking - ordering - arranging - cleaning
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
...
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Conscientious and high levels of aspiration, but strive for perfect and are never satisfied
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
During the phallic stage it is a male child's sexual desire for his mother and hostility towards his father whom he considers a rival for his mother's love; male child who sees a naked girl for the first time believes her penis is cut off, and fears his father will do the same to him for desiring his mother; because of this fear the child suppresses longing for mother and begins to identify with father
Oedipus complex (Psychosocial Development)
d. the girl's network of friends
Of the following, which would be least important in the acculturation of an Asian girl in treatment with a social worker? a. the wishes of her parents b. the social worker's experience with similar situations c. the social worker's skills d. the girl's network of friends
Bipolar II D/O
One or more Major Depressive Episodes combined with at least one Hypo-manic Episode is associated with this disorder?
Bipolar I Disorder
One or more Manic or Mixed Episodes is associated with which D/O?
Systems
One unit comprised of individuals and their interactions is defined as?
Positive Reinforcement
One way of increasing the likelihood & frequency of a specific behavior will occur by presenting a reward or _____ _____ .
e.g. Schools, families, people, body systems, banks, businesses, governmental bodies - General systems theory
Open System
A system with cross-boundary exchange
Open system (systems theory)
Voluntary behavior (walking, talking)
Operant
Antecedent ----- Behavior ----- Consequence Dog ----- Pooping ----- Cage Rienforcement - Goal is increased behavior frequency
Operant Conditioning (B. F. Skinner)
B.F. Skinner Events (stimuli) - response/behavior- consequences - consequences that increase the occurrence of behavior are reinforcing whereas consequences that decrease occurrence of behavior are punishing - reinforcement aims to increase behavior frequency while punishment aims to decrease it
Operant Conditioning (form of Behavioral Theory)
Skinner
Operant Conditioning was developed by B.F. ______.
Token systems
Operant techniques --Operant conditioning stresses importance of reinforcement. --Token system is predicated on being given an award (token) for desired behavior.
Drowsiness or coma. Slurred speech. Impairment in attention or memory
Opioid Intoxication
Dysphoric mood. Nausea or vomiting. Muscle aches. Lacrimation or rhinorrhea. Pupillary dilation, piloerection, or sweating. Diarrhea. Yawning. Fever. Insomnia.
Opioid Withdrawal
A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months as evidenced by at least four (4) symptoms from any of the following categories, and exhibited during interaction with at least one (1) individual who is not a sibling. Angry/Irritable Mood; Argumentative/Defiant Behavior; Vindictiveness
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Pluralism - A society in which members of diverse ethnic, racial, religious, and social groups maintainparticipation in and development of their traditions and special interests while cooperatively working toward their interpendence needed fo a nation's unity Cultural Pluralism - respecting and encouraging cultural difference Key Concept: Interdependence and Cooperation among diverse individuals
Pluralism
Giving a smile, cookie, privlidge or point
Positive Reinforcement (Operant Conditioning continued)
A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in 1+ of the following ways: 1. Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s). 2. Witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurred to others. 3. Learning that the traumatic event(s) happened to a close family member or friend. In case of actual or threatened death the event(s) must be accidental or violent. 4. Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s). NOTE: Criterion A4 does not apply to exposure through electronic media or pictures unless it is work related. B. Presence of 1+ of the following intrusion symptoms occur after: 1. Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of event(s). 2. Recurrent, distressing dreams about event(s). 3. Dissociative reactions (e.g. flashbacks) in which the individual acts or feels as if the event(s) were recurring. 4. Intense or prolonged physiological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that resemble an aspect of the event(s). 5. Marked physiological reactions to internal or external cues that resemble aspects of the event(s). C.Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the event(s), as evidenced by 1+ of the following: 1. Avoidance or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings associated with the event(s). 2. Avoidance or efforts to avoid external reminders of the event(s). D. Negative alterations in cognition and mood associated with the event(s), as evidence by 1+ of the following: 1. Inability to remember an important aspect of the event(s) (not physiological). 2. Persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about oneself, others, and/or the world. 3. Persistent distorted cognition about the cause or consequences of the event(s) that lead the individual to blame themselves or others. 4. Persistent negative emotional state. 5. Markedly diminished interest in significant events. 6. Feelings of detachment or estrangement form others. 7. Persistent inability to experience positive emotions. E. Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the event(s), as evidenced by 2+ of the following: 1. Irritable behavior and and angry outbursts. 2. Restless or self-destructive behavior. 3. Hyper-vigilance. 4. Exaggerated startle-response. 5. Problems with concentration. 6. Sleep disturbance. F. Duration is >1 month. G. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to one or more traumatic events. Duration of the disturbance is more than 1 month
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Crawling/walking, able to explore independently, but still perceives itself as one with mother - Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory
Practicing
Growing problem caused by immigration, caused Residential Institutions to be built. Almshouses, Asylums, and Orphanages.
Pre-Civil War Period
Thoughts and feelings that can be brought to the consciousness easily
Preconscious (Psychoanalytic Theory)
-depressive disorder - sometime after ovulation and remits within a few days of menses and has a marked impact on functioning
Premenstrual Dysphoric
...
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
majority of menstrual cycles, symptoms must be present in the final week before the onset of menses, start to improve within a few days after the onset of menses, and become minimal or absent in the week post-menses.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Development in womb, if no healthy living from mother child will develop. Genetic Disorders Transmit Viruses from parents Symptoms related to drug and alcohol use
Prenatal
2-7 years old, language development engables symbolic functioning to occur, progress from conretism to abstract thinking, can comprehend past, present, future, night terrors
Preoperational
Aquires words, math symbols, music and others, magical thinking, thinking is not generalized, think is concrete, irreversible egocentric, cnetered on on detail or event
Preoperational Thinking
Should become more questioning of their environment and thirsty for knowledge. If they don't develop good peer relationships or learn to solve their own conflicts, Will become withdrawn and refuse to talk Develop poor muscle control Failure to follow simple instructions
Preschool Years
Encourage family members to pretend and encourage voluntary control of behavior
Pretend Technique (Strategic Family Therapy)
Enhance well being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed and living in poverty
Primary Mission of SW Profession
ALWAYS EMPOWER THE CLIENT
Primary Mission of Social work is Empowerment
prevent problem before its initial onset, aimed at reducing prevalance of a problem by reducing the incidences of new cases; creating enviornemnts that promote mental health
Primary Prevention
to prevent a problem before its inital onset, aimed at rducing the prevalence of a problem by reducing the incidence of new cases, enviorents that promote mental health
Primary Prevention
Time phases (beginning, middle, end) , structure, de-emphasizes diagnosis, function of age, use of relationship.
Principal of the Functional Approach
Rapport & Trust
Prior to assessment the SW should establish _____ & _____.
Confidentiality
Prior to assessment the SW should explain the legal & ethical obligations & limitations of _______?
May disclose confidential information when you have valid consent from client or legal guardian, except to prevent foreseeable or imminent harm to a client or identifiable person
Privacy and Confidentiality
projection vs displacement
Projection - Attributing a painful impulse or idea to external world; taking our own unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people. (e.g. If you have a strong dislike for someone, you might instead believe that he or she does not like you.) Displacement - Defense mechanism in which individual deals w/emotional conflict or internal or external stressors by transferring a feeling about/response to one object onto another substitute object. (e.g. Kicking the cat instead of standing up to the boss.)
desire to be near people we are attached to - Attachment theory
Proximity Maintenance
Common Medications Rx'ed for Depressive D/O's
Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, Celexa, Tofranil, Elavil, Marplan, Nardil and Eldepyl are?
antidepressants (SSRIs)
Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Celexa, Lexapro are anti_________.
Repressed Childhood Memories & Experiences
Psychoanalysts believe that behaviors are shaped by?
Id, Ego, Superego
Psychoanalytic Model
- Reactions clients have with Social Worker and our reaction to our clients - Focus is on bring thoughts into the conscious - Believes thoughts are repressed and repression causes neurosis - Long-term treatment is needed - Transference/Countertransference
Psychoanalytic Theory
- Sigmund Freud - a client is seen as the product of his past and treatment involves dealing with the repressed material in the unconscious - behavior and personality derive from the constant interaction of conflicting psychological forces that operate at 3 different levels: preconscious, conscious and the unconscious - in psychotherapy the primary technique used is analysis of dreams, resistances, transference and free associations
Psychoanalytic Theory
Psychoanalytic (or Psycho-dynamic)
Psychoanalytic, Ego Psychology, Psychosocial & Object Relations Theory all share what kind of Theoretical approach?
Treatment approach where roles are enacted in a group context
Psychodrama
Ackerman, alliance between therapist and client. harmony between individual and family needs. Helps ct see into every day problems and review these experiences.
Psychodynamic FT
Explain the origin of personality - all emphasize unconscious motives and desires as well as the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personally
Psychodynamic theories
client in context of interactions or transactions, full biopscyhosocial is obtained, treatment is according to needs and results or both, uses systems appraoch
Psychosocial
psychological, and social history. treatment is according to clients needs.
Psychosocial Approach
Freud believes personality solidifies in childhood before age 5, in which there are 5 stages of psychosexual development: 1. Oral (birth-12months) sources of pleasure comes from the mouth sucking, biting and chewing; if fixated results in excessive smoking, overeating or dependence on others 2. Anal (2-potty trained) sources of pleasure are bowel moments; if fixated results in an overly controlling (anal-retentive) personality or an easily angered (anal-expulsive) personality 3. Phallic (3-5) sources of pleasure are genitals and if fixated can result in guilt or anxiety about sex 4. Latency (5-puberty) sexuality is latent or dormant during this period and there are no fixations 5. Genital (puberty) sources of pleasure are the genitals and sexual urges return; no fixations
Psychosocial Stages of Development (Freud)
Stages of development - each with a psychosocial crisis Resolving crisis prepares for next stage
Psychosocial Theory
Learn, Adapt & Social, Phsycial
Psychosocial theory believe that all individuals have the capacity to ______ & ______ and to some degree change their _______ & ________ environment.
Having Hallucinations and Dellusions
Psychotic
RAD- a consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers Minimally social and emotionally responsive to others Limited and affect Ep of unexplained irritability or sadness A. Consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, manifested by both of the following: -Child rarely or minimally seeks comfort when distressed - "" responds to comfort when distressed B. A persistent social and emotional disturbance characterized by at least 2 of the following .... C. Child has experienced a pattern of extremes of insufficient care as evidence by at least 1 of the following .... D.
Reactive Attachment Disorder (Trauma - and Stress- Related disorder)
complex psychiatric illeness, serious problems in emotional attatchments, can be applied to infancts and caused by a lack of attatchemnt to specific caregiver at any early age, results in an inability for child to form loving relationship with others. Symptoms: detatched, difficulty being confronted, preoccupied with defiant behavior
Reactive Attatchment Disorder
complex psychiatric illness, serious problems in emotional attachments, can start in infanthood, caused by a lack of attachment to a specific caregiver at any early age, results in an inability for child to form loving relationship with others. Symptoms: detached, difficulty being confronted, preoccupied with defiant behavior.
Reactive Attatchment Disorder
Post traumatic, acute stress, adjustment, bereavement
Reactive Disorders
Post-traumatic, acute stress, adjustment, bereavement
Reactive Disorders
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Reasons for treatment: reduce symptoms & improve function
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Reassure parents that sexual curiosity is normal at age 5.
understanding what others are saying
Receptive communcation
Culture Bound syndromes
Recurrent, locality-specific patterns of aberrant behavior & troubling experience that may or may not be defined & recognized in the DSM- IV is defined as?
Culture Bound Syndromes
Recurrent, locality-specific patterns of aberrant behavior and troubling experience that may or may not be defined & recognized in the DSM-IV is defined as?
Inversion
Refocusing of aggression or emotions evoked from an external force onto one's self is called?
Anorexia Nervosa
Refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, a disturbance in body image, or the intense fear of gaining weight is known as?
Denial
Refusing to acknowledge or recognize the reality & implications of painful, anxiety-provoking experiences is called?
partial or symbolic return to more infantile patters of reacting or thinking, can be iun service to ego; i.e. dependency during illness
Regression
consistency of patterns of eating, sleeping, elimination etc. - Temperament
Regularity
Strategic Family Therapy. Alter meaning of behavior or redefine the situation so the perceived meaning of the behavior is less problematic.
Relabeling
Changing the label attached to a person or problem from negative to positive so the situation can be perceived differently; it is hoped that new responses will evolve
Relabeling (Strategic Family Therapy)
- Dependiblity, Stability consistancy, predictability, and accuracy - Test/Re-test = Same rater gives consistent answer over time
Reliability
Relationship Between Mother and Child; social stimulation is necessary for infant's growth. 3 Levels of Infant Ego Organization: 0-3mo: Infant moves from visceral perception to use of eyes & ears; develops reliable smile. By 8mo: Infant has achieved 2nd level of organization; demonstrated by increased levels of anxiety when in presence of stranger. By 14mo: Infant achieves semantic communication; demonstrated by ability to say "no" (a sign of independent thinking). Marasmius: Disease in infants resulting from social deprivation.
Rene Spitz
Reaction Formation
Replacement of some painful or negative event with the complete opposite is called?
Splitting
Repressing, dissociation or disconnecting important feelings that are "dangerous" to psychic well-being, leading to feelings of a fragmented self is called?
expressed clinically by amnesia, forgeting to banish unacceptable ideas, fantasies, affects or impulses
Repression
A- uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive or manic) concurrent with criterion A of schizophrenia B- delusions or allucinaitons for 2 or more weeks in the absence of major mood episode during the life time duration of illness C- symptoms meet criteria for a major mood episode are present for the majority of total duration of the active and residual portions of illness D- disturbance isn ot atr to the effects of a substance.
Schizoaffective Disorder
A.an uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode(manic or depressive) concurrent with criterion A of schizophrenia B. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks C. D. No drugs cause
Schizoaffective Disorder
Introverted, withdrawn, solitar, emotionally cold and distant, absorded with their own thoughts and feelings, fearful of closeness
Schizoid Personality
Introverted, withdrawn, solitary, emotionally cold and distant, absorbed with their own thoughts and feelings, fearful of closeness
Schizoid Personality
1. cold, detached, neither enjoying or desiring relationships 2. limited range of emotions 3. unaffected by praise or criticism 4. no thought disorder 5. deficiency in vitality and energy 6. passive activities (e.g. tv) 7. see themselves as bland 8. are content with social detachment
Schizoid Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings
Schizoid Personality Disorder
1 month & 6 months
Schizopherniform D/O is similar Schizophrenia but symptoms for at least ____ but less than ____ mos.
-breakdown in thinking and poor emotional responses -delusions, paranoia, hearing voices or noises that are not there, disorganized thinking, a lack of emotion and motivation
Schizophrenia
1. delusions 2. hallucinations 3. disorganized speech (word salad) 4. disorganized or catatonic beh. 5. low level of functioning 6. continuous disturbance for 6+ months 7. no depressive or manic episodes
Schizophrenia
A)2 or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of the time during a 1-month: Delusions Hallucinations Disorganzied speech Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior Negative symptoms - that last at least 6 months B. Level of functioning has not gone back to pervious levels of functioning C.persist for at least 6 months Specify: First episode, currently in acute ep. "" partial remission "" full remission (Social withdrawl, lack of emotional expression)
Schizophrenia
A- 2 or more of the folioing for 1 month period, one must be 1,2,or 3. 1.delusions, 2. hallucinations 3. disorganized speech, 4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5. negative symptoms (diminished emit. expression or abolition). B- sign. portion of time level of functioning in one or more major areas is below the level of achieved prior to the onset. C- signs of disturbance persist for at least 6 months include at least 1 month of symptoms. may include periods of prodromal or residual symptoms and during these times manifested by only negative symptoms or 2 or more listed in A D- schizo affective and depressive or biolora with psychotic features been ruled out. E- disturbance is not attra to substance or other condition. F- if history of autism or communication additional diagnosis
Schizophrenia
Haldol (Haloperidol)
Schizophrenia
Positive symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, Negative symptoms: affective flattening, reduction in range of expression, poverty of speech
Schizophrenia
Positive symtpoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, Negative symptoms: affective flattinging, reduction in range of expression, poverty of speech
Schizophrenia
Risperdal (Risperidone)
Schizophrenia
Seroquel (Quitiapine)
Schizophrenia
Thorazine (Chlorpromazine)
Schizophrenia
Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3): 1. Delusions. 2. Hallucinations. 3. Disorganized speech 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. 5. Negative symptoms significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, level of functioning in one or more major areas, such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care, is markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset. Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months
Schizophrenia
Zyprexa (Olanzapine)
Schizophrenia
Schizotypal (P) D/O Delusional Disorder Brief Psychotic Schizophreniform D/O Schizophrenia Schizoaffective D/O
Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders
Psychomotor disturbance
Schizophrenia with Catalonia
A- 2 or more of the following 1 month period, one must be 1,2,or 3. 1.delusions, 2. hallucinations 3. disorganized speech, 4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5. negative symptoms (diminished emit. expression or abolition). B- episode is least 1 month but less than 6 months. c- schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features must be ruled out because no depressive or manic episode during active phase or no mood episodes have occurs during active phase d- not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance
Schizophreniform Disorder
A.2 or more of the following, each for a significant portion of time during a 1 -month period or less: Delusions Hallucinations Disorganzied speech Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior Negative symptoms - that last at least 6 months B. An episode of the disorder last at least 1 month but less than 6 months C. Schizoaffective, depressive, or Bipolar have been ruled out D. No drugs cause
Schizophreniform Disorder
Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3): 1. Delusions. 2. Hallucinations. 3. Disorganized speech 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. 5. Negative symptoms episode of the disorder lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months.
Schizophreniform Disorder
Is distinguished by its difference in duration - 1 month but less than 6months (form) At least 6 months on
Schizophreniform VS Schizophrenia
Odd or eccentric manners of speaking or dressing, strange outlandishing or paranoid beliefs, magical thinking
Schizotypal
...
Schizotypal (Personality Disorder)
A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Odd or eccentric manners of speaking or dressing, strange outlandishing or paranoid beliefs, magical thinking. Different from schizophrenia b/c w/ SPD, can be made aware of their delusions, delusions not as long-lasting
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Changes to the systematic interaction pattern so the system is reorganized and functions more effectively
Second-order changes (Strategic Family Therapy)
to treat symptoms, prevent recurrence or exacerbation of an already diangosed problem or disorder
Secondary Prevention
to treat symptoms, reduce prevalnce by reducing duration through early detection and intervention, prevent recurrence or exacerbtaion of existing problem
Secondary Prevention
figure acts as base of security from which child can explore world - Attachment theory
Secure Base
cries when separated and reaches and molds to when reunited, easily soothed - Strange Situation
Securely Attached
Slurred speech. Incoordination. Unsteady gait. Nystagmus. Impairment in cognition (e.g., attention, memory). Stupor or coma
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Seek consultation when feeling unsuccessful with clients.
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Seizures are involved with alcohol.
A- failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations B- interferes with educ. or occupation. C- atleast 1 month D-not attributed to lack of knowledge E- not bettter explained by comm. disorder
Selective Mutism
A. Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is expectation for speaking (e.g. school) despite speaking in other situations. B. The disturbance interferes with educational or occupational achievement or with social communication. C. The duration of disturbance is 1+ month. D. The failure to speak is not attributed to lack of knowledge, or comfort with, the spoken language required of the social situation.
Selective Mutism
Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking (e.g., at school) despite speaking in other situations
Selective Mutism
-Kohut. -Psychopathology is result of disrupted or unmet developmental needs. -Self: Ingrained; depends on relationships w/ others, boundaries. -Self-object needs: mirroring (having worth of self reflected back); idealization (borrowing strength from others, identifying w/ someone more capable); twinship (child needs to feel alikeness to others for sense of belonging)
Self Psychology
Based on central organizing and motivating force in personality, three self object needs: mirroring, idealization, twinship (child needs alter ego for sense of belonging)
Self Psychology
Ct transforms self-object functions of therapist into an internalized self-structure. Mirroring Idealization Twinning
Self Psychology
identifying self object needs,
Self Psychology
Lead by member, not a Social Worker, who has overcome problem already.
Self-Help Groups
Empathic responses to meet needs for: Mirroring - Validates the child's sense of a perfect self Ex. If the child smiles and you smile back Idealizing - Child borrows strength from others and identifies with someone more capable Ex. Child pretends to do dishes from watching his mother do them Twinship/Twinning: Child needs an alter ego for a sense of belonging or humaneness (needs to be connected)
Self-Psychology
systems regulate themselves to meet goals. Engage in feedback and self-correction to reach goals- General systems theory
Self-regulation and control
signals meaning, infacnt invests meaning in event (such as babysitter arrives, mom is leaving), symbolic meaning begins in last part of phase
Senorimotor Symbols
used in sex therapy, pleasure and sex therapy are paired with relaxation
Sensate Focus
degree to which a person reacts to light, sound, etc. - Temperament
Sensitivity
play is imitative, begins intentional actions
Sensorimotor Actions
0-2 years old; retains images of objects, develops primitive logic in manipulating objects, begins intentional actions
Sensorimotor Object
Indirect Questioning
Sentence Completion is this type of questioning?
- a factor in determining personality; birth order has an influence on how he/she relates to parents and siblings
Sibling position (Bowenian Family Therapy)
Psychoanalytic Theory Structural Theory: Id, Ego, Superego Psychosexual Stages of Development -Oral Stage (birth-1.5 yrs) -Anal Stage (1.5-3 yrs) -Phallic Stage (3-5 yrs) -Latency Stage (6-10 yrs) -Genital Stage (10-adulthood)
Sigmund Freud
A- inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from indic. of attachment. B- last for 4 weeks in children and 6 months or more in adults C- significant distress and impairment in areas of life D- not explained by other.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
A. Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by 3+ of the following: 1. Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or from major attachment figures. 2. Persistent and excessive worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to them. 3. Persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event that (lost, accident, kidnapped, etc.) that causes separation from a major attachment figure. 4. Persistent reluctance or refusal to go out, away from home, to school, work, or elsewhere because of fear of separation. 5. Persistent and excessive fear or reluctance to about being alone or without major attachment figure. 6. Persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or to go sleep without being near major attachment figure. 7. Repeated nightmares involving the theme or separation. 8. Repeated complaints of physical symptoms when separation occurs or is anticipated. B. Fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, lasting 4 wks in children and adolescents and typically 6+ months in adults. C. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress and impairment in functioning.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety that occurs in absence of attachment figure - Attachment theory
Separation Distress
development of limits, differentiation from mother, hatching, practicing, rapproachement - Mahler Sep. / Indivi. Theory
Separation Individuation Phase
Dissociation
Separation or postponement of a feeling that normally would accompany a situation or thought is called?
-Differentiation -Practicing -Rapprochement -Object Constancy
Separation-Individuation has 4 sub-stages of:
7-18 months, practicing, disengagement from mother with creeping, height of narcissim, runs away from mom with anticipation of her reengagement
Separation/Indivudation II
6-12 months, differentiation, alert when awake, stranger anxiety
Seperation/Individuation I
(20-25) - (35 - 40)
Severe Intellectual functioning is what IQ range?
b. Hallucinations
Severe grief and mourning are sometimes accompanied by: a. Mutism b. Hallucinations c. Hypothermia d. Sensory deprivation
Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer.... B. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in ect... An individual experiences erotic pleasure by being subjected to pain or suffering
Sexual Masochism
A.over a period of a least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, ect B. Individual has acted on these urges with a non-consenting person or cause distress An individual experiences erotic pleasure by inflicting pain on others
Sexual Sadism
Sexuality in infants - aware of difference in the genital in males and females - infants may touch or rub because it provide a pleasure Sexuality in children 3 to 7 yearsold - highly affectionate, hugging, kissing etc - play doctor and expose or explore genitals - age 5-6 they become more private Sexuality in preadolescents 8 to 12 years old - puberty - pubic hair and breasts at 9-10 - penis and testicle development at 10-11 - Masterbation increases - uncomfortable with undressing Sexuality in adolescent youth 13 to 19 - increased interest in romantic relationships - sexual intercourse - fall in and out of love Adult sexuality - age 50 for menopause (no longer produce estrogen) - age 25 semen production reduces.
Sexual growth
Displacement
Shifting repressed feelings from where they originate to some other object is called?
1. psychotic-like symptoms 2. magical thinking 3. ideas of reference 4. illusions 5. odd unusual beh. and appearance 6. excessive social anxiety associated with paranoia
Shizotypal Personality Disorder
Time limited, assess, set goals, define task.
Short Term or Task Centered
A. Marked as fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. NOTE: in children must happen with peers, not just adults. B. The individual fears that he or she will act in a way that or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated. C. The social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety. NOTE: in children, the fear or anxiety must be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, clinging, shrinking, or failing to speak in social situations. D. The social situations are avoided or endured with intense fear and anxiety. E. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the situation and to the sociocultural context. F. The fear, anxiety, and avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6+ months. G. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment. H. The fear, anxiety or avoidance is not attributable to the use of a substance or other medical condition.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others; Examples include social interactions (e.g., having a conversation, meeting unfamiliar people), being observed (e.g., eating or drinking), and performing in front of others (e.g., giving a speech
Social Anxiety Disorder
People learn by observing others- chief factors in influencing development
Social Cognitive Theory
Totaling potential benefits and losses to determine behavior. People make decisions about relations on the amount of rewards they receive from them.
Social Exchange Theory
totaling ptoential benefits and losses to determine behavior. People make decisions about relations on the amount of rewards they receive from them.
Social Exchange Theory
Bandura
Social Learn Theory was developed by Albert ______.
Behavior is learned through socialization. Methods unique to this theory are modeling and pos. reinforcement.
Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977)
Role - Behavior for a designated status Role behavior - Basic script for behavior Role Complimentarity - Parent -----> Child Role Reversal - The daughter is responsible for the house; the mother immature dependent and acts like a child
Social Role Theory
1) Universal Prog's - or soc wel prog's available to all. 2) Selective Eligibility Prog's - or soc wel prog's available to only a select group of people who meet a certain predet. criteria. 3) Exceptional Eligibility Prog's - or soc wel prog's available to only a certain class (e.g., Veterans)
Social Service Policies can be classified into three broad categories of?
The big umbrella under which many different programs, resources, and services exist; not just provided by Gov.
Social Welfare System
Engage, Assess Plan, Intervene, Evaluate, Terminate
Social Work Problem-Solving Process
1. Engaging 2. Assessing 3. Planning 4. Intervening 5. Evaluating 6. Terminating
Social Work Process
1. Engaging- speaking to the client for the first time 2. Assessing - Figuring out what the problem is 3. Planning - action plan 4. Intervening - emergency service plans etc.. 5. Evaluating - progress 6. Terminating - closing
Social Work Process
- fearful or anxious about social interactions and situations that involve the possibility of being scrutinized
Social anxiety
Children and adults learn largely through observation and are enabled to alter behavior by emulating/imitation the behavior of others who serve as models. -Bandura
Social learning theory
Professional Ethics & Values
Social work students should address issues directly with clients.
Professional Ethics & Values
Social workers are entitled to defend against malpractice lawsuits and can disclose client information to the court without client consent.
Professional Ethics & Values
Social workers are mandated reporters and should explain to teachers the need to report when necessary.
Professional Ethics & Values
Social workers are mandated reporters and should report abuse before anything else (ex: report before talking to supervisor)
Professional Ethics & Values
Social workers can not provide treatment to a mother and her child individually. There is potential for a breach in confidentiality and a dual relationship.
Professional Ethics & Values
Social workers must follow the laws around treatment of minors and obtaining parental consent.
Professional Ethics & Values
Social workers must understand cultural norms and issues that may be coming into play with clients, especially when determining communication styles.
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Social workers should advocate on behalf of the vulnerable population they serve and should advocate for policy changes.
Professional Ethics & Values
Social workers should always speak directly to colleagues first before taking other actions or telling supervisors.
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Social workers should consider the guilt family caregivers face when considering nursing home placements.
Professional Ethics & Values
Social workers should continue to see depressed and suicidal (even with no plan) clients and discuss alternative methods of payment, when there are insurance problems and an inability to pay.
Professional Ethics & Values
Social workers should first assess for abuse before taking any other actions.
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Social workers should help clients understand codependency.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Social workers should obtain a release of information to talk with school counselor before talking to students.
- Direct/Indirect Questioning - Observation of the client in her/his environment or simulated situation - Client self monitoring/self observation - Obtaining reports/records from outside sources (i.e., schools, doctors office, social service agencies)
Some types of social assessment (Interview) methods may be?
a. Tourette's syndrome
Someone who curses or gesticulates uncontrollably and without premeditation may suffer from: a. Tourette's syndrome b. Anxiety disorder c. Bipolar disorder d. Alzheimer's
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Sometimes exploring child care resources in the community would provide the most immediate relief for clients.
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
Speak directly to other social workers or colleagues when problems arise FIRST before reporting or speaking to others.
A- difficulties learning or using academic skills. one of the following for 6 months 1. inaccurate or slow and effortful reading 2.difficulty understanding what is read 3. difficulty with spelling 4. difficulty with written expression 5. difficulty mastering number sense, calculations 6. difficulty with mathematical reasoning B- academic skills are low for chronological age. interferes with academic and occupation as exhibited by individual clinical assessment and achievement standards. C- difficulties started during school age years but could not fully manifest till high demands D- not better accounted for my intel dis, uncorrected visual or auditory acuity or other mental or neurological disorder.
Specific Learning Disorder
Difficulties learning and using academic skills, as indicated by the presence of at least 1 of the following symptoms that have persisted for at least 6 months, despite the provision of interventions that target those difficulties
Specific Learning Disorder
-fearful or anxious about avoidant of circumscribed objects or situations
Specific Phobia
A- fear or anxiety about specific object B- phobic object or situation provokes immediate fear and anxiety C- actively avoided or endured with fear and anx. D- fear is out of proportion to the actual danger E- typically last for 6 or more months F- causes significant impairment in areas of life G- not exp by other
Specific Phobia
Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation
Specific Phobia
A- difficulty with speech sound production interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication. B- causes limitations in effective communication that interferes with social participation, academic achievement, or occupational performance, individually or any combination C- onset is in early dev. period D-not attributed to cerebral palsy, cleft palate, deafness or hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, or other medical or neurological conditions
Speech Sound Disorder
Persistent difficulty with speech sound production that interferes with speech intelligibility or prevents verbal communication of messages; Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period
Speech Sound Disorder
Adaptive Regression
Spontaneity; playfulness to adapt; sense of humor is called?
Denial anger bargaining depression acceptance
Stages of Grief
Pre-Affiliation - Forming (Develop trust) Power and Control - Storming (struggle for individual autonomy and group identification) Intimacy - Norming (Use of self in service of the group) Differentiation - Performing (Accept each other as unique individuals Separation - Adjourning (Seek independence)
Stages of Group Development
Erik Erikson - personality develops in a predetermined order - interest in how children socialize and how this affects their sense of self - personality develops throughout the life course and identity crisis is the focal point for each stage of human development - Erikson believed there are 8 stages with 2 outcomes: successful completion of each stage results in healthy personality and successful interactions with others or failure to complete a stage results in a more unhealthy personality and sense of self 1. Trust vs mistrust 2. Autonomy vs shame and doubt 3. Initiative vs guilt 4. Industry vs inferiority 5. Identity vs role confusion 6. Intimacy vs isolation 7. Generativity vs stagnation 8. Ego integrity vs despair
Stages of Psychosocial Development
1. Stabilization- focus is on establishing abstinence, accepting the problem and committing to making changes 2. Rehabilitation/habilitation- focus on remaining substance free by establishing a stable lifestyle, developing coping and life skills, increasing support, and grieving loss of substance 3. Maintenance- stabilizing gains made in treatment, relapse prevention and termination
Stages of addiction treatment
1) Prenatal=fetus period 2) Infancy=1st 3 Years 3) PreSchool Years=3-5 Years 4) Middle Childhood=6-12 Years 5) Adolescence=13-18 Years
Stages of development
1. Preaffiliation- development of trust (aka forming) 2. Power and control- struggles for individual autonomy and group identification (aka storming) 3. Intimacy- utilizing self in service of group (aka norming) 4. Differentiation- acceptance of each other as distinct individuals (aka performing) 5. Separation/termination- interdependence (aka ajourning)
Stages of group development
Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning
Stages of group development
A maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by 1 or more in a 12 month period - Use resuling in the lack of fullfilment at work - Use in situations that are hazardous (e.g Driving) - Substance-related legal problems problems - Use despite social or interpersonal problems caused
Substance Abuse (Substance abuse and dependence are together in the DSM V)
A maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by 3 or more in a 12 month period - Tolerance - Withdrawal - Desire to cut down or control substance - Increased usage - Time spent obtaing substances - Continued use dispite problems associated
Substance Dependence
May involve physiologic tolerance in which increasing amounts of substances are required to achieve intoxication, and withdrawal symptoms occur. The person takes larger amounts of the substance while trying to cut down or control use. You do not need to have tolerance or withdrawal symptoms, but you do need a significant impairment in functioning or distress.
Substance Dependence
May involve physiologic tolernace in which increasing amounts of substsances are required to achieve intoxication and withdrawal symptoms occur. The person takes larger amounts of the substance while trying to cut down or or control use, you do not need to have tolernace or withdrawl symptoms but you do need a significant impairment in focutioning or distress
Substance Dependence
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Substance abuse must be addressed as an underlying issue before dealing with other dynamics of the marriage.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Substance use must be addressed before other issues can be explored.
unattainable or unacceptable goal, emotion, or object is replaced by one more attainable
Substitution
e.g. as School of Social work is to Tulane - General systems theory
Subsystem
A major component of a system made up of two or more independent components that interact in order to attain their own purpose(s) and the purpose(s) of the system in which they are embedded
Subsystem (systems theory)
- Communication of intent - Presence of a plan - History of previous attempts - Recent improvemnet in depressive sysmptoms
Suicide (Factors Associated With A High Risk Of Suicide)
people with a genetic disposition to suicide
Suicide rates are highest among...
Altruistic: it's the right thing to do Egoist: cut off social support Anomic: big change/loss Fatalistic: loss of control
Suicide types
Focuses on the results; the outcome
Summarative Evaluation
focus on outcome
Summative evaluation
ego ideal.
Superego
incorporates parental and societal values and standards into personality; develops between ages of 4 and 5
Superego
The moral component of personally - contains all the moral standards learned from parents and society
Superego (Psychoanalytic Theory)
Administration
Supervisor's role
Come together to overcome problems of daily living
Support and Counseling Groups
e.g. as Tulane is to School of Social work - General systems theory
Suprasystem
An entity that is served by a number of component systems organized in interacting relationships
Suprasystem (systems theory)
maladtive pattern of abuse leading to significant impairemnt in functioning or distress, continues to abuse substances despite persisiten or recurrent negaitve consequences and problems related to employment, school or legal issues
Susbtance Abuse
a mental representation that stands for some other thing, dream formation and other symptoms such as conversion, obsessions, compulsions with a link btw latent meaning of symptom and symbol
Symbolization
-Communication impairment (verbal/non-verbal) -Social (Sharing emotions, understanding how others think/feel) -Routines or repetitive behaviors.
Symptoms of Autism
anxiety inhibiting response cannot occur at the same time xiety reposonse, pairing anxiety with relaxation
Systematic Desensitization
Bowen, dealing with the whole family. behavior is modeled by therapist and learned amongst family.
Systemic FT
- A system is comprised of several parts, and when one thing changes within a system the whole system is affected - Ecomaps and genograms can help understand system dynamics - understanding person in environment is essential to identifying barriers or opportunities for change
Systems Theory
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
Talking about concrete changes is a symbolic way of talking about significant losses.
Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Planning
Tardive Dyskinesia is a movement disorder.
abnormal involuntary movements of tongue, lips, face, switching symptoms may persisit after disconsituation of medication, only prevention is avoiding antipsychotic drugs
Tardive dyskinesia
abnormal involuntary movements of tongue, lips, face, twitching symptoms. May persist after discontinuation of medication, only prevention is avoiding anti-psychotic drugs.
Tardive dyskinesia
restricting duration of treatment to promote completion, set goals, define tasks, assessment is to help client identify primary problem and explore it, specific task assignments
Task Centered Treatment
b. Is convened to achieve a specific function or goal
Task groups are an important means of accomplishing an agency's objectives. A task group: a. Is leaderless so that all staff are motivated to contribute b. Is convened to achieve a specific function or goal c. Focuses on supporting staff members in order to maintain high quality services delivery d. Relies on brainstorming to identify obstacles to achieving agency objectives
- Highly structured - Time limited: 8 - 12 sessions - Process - Assesment - Goals - Tasks
Task-Centered Treatment
Girls more likely to attempt, boys 4-5x likely to die by suicide.
Teen Suicide Risk by Gender
- Loss and separation - Review accomplishments - Anticipate future
Terminating
Worker and client 1) evaluate the degree to which the clients goals have been attatined 2) cope with series of issues related to the ending of the relationship 3) plan for subsequent steps the client may take relevant to the problem that do not involve the social worker
Termination Pocess
Worker and client 1) evaluate the degree to which the clients goals have been attained; 2) cope with series of issues related to the ending of the relationship; 3) plan for subsequent steps the client may take relevant to the problem that do not involve the social worker.
Termination Process
1) Evaluate degree of attained goals
Termination Requirements
reduce disability in chronic problems, reduce duration of problems by reducing neg after effects
Tertiary prevention
to reduce disability in chronic problems, reduce durations of problems by reducing negative after effects
Tertiary prevention
- Social Contracts or development of laws/regulations based on majority decision and inevitable compromise - Universal ethical principles and based on abstract reasoning
The 2 stages of Post-conventional moral development focus on?
- (School age children) Seeking social acceptance - Avoiding punishment
The 2 stages of Preconventional moral development focus on?
Individuals seeking to gain the approval of others & adherence to laws & rules.
The 2 stages of conventional moral development focus on?
- Autistic - Newborn to 1 mo - Symbiotic - 1 to 5 mos - Separation/Individuation - 5 mos through adulthood
The 3 Stages of object relations & the age ranges are?
1) Employer Funded 2) Gov't Funded 3) Personal (Charitable) Contrib. 4) Publically Funded
The 4 Types of Social Service Delivery Systems are?
Kubler-Ross
The 5 Stages of Grief were developed by Elisabeth _____ - _____.
Denial Anger Bargaining Despair/Depression Acceptance
The 5 stages of Grieving are?
b. local public responsibility
The Colonial Poor Laws established the principle of: a. neighborly involvement b. local public responsibility c. federal responsibility d. residential care for the poor
Social & Physical
The Eco-Systems or Life Model focuses on the relationship between living organisms and their _______ and _______ environment.
Antecedent Event
The Environmental event that occurs before the target behavior is called?
Consequence
The Event that occurs after or as a result of the Behavior is called?
- Tarasoff decision - to prevent serious forseeable, or imminant harm - Abuse of Children, Older Adults, and Persons with Disabilities
The Exception to Confidentiality
False, The Federal Privacy Act of 1974 only applies to Federal Agencies but many if not all private, state & local government agencies have adopted the provisions of the act.
The Federal Privacy Act of 1974 applies to both Federal and State agencies? True or False
Perceptions & Thoughts
The Goal of Eco-Systems direct practice level is to improve the Goodness of Fit between the Client & their environment by changing the client's ______ & ______, thus enhancing their responsiveness to & exchanges w/ the environment.
Pleasure Principle (Freud's idea of human basic needs i.e., food, shelter, sex, etc...)
The Id follows what Principle & requires immediate gratification?
d. all of the above
The Indian Child Welfare Act: a. allows tribes to reclaim jurisdiction over matters of Indian child welfare b. requires that tribes and parents be notified when an Indian child is the subject a child custody dispute c. provides for the development of family services on reservations d. all of the above
1) Industrialization 2) Urbanization 3) Immigration
The Major Social and Economic changes of the Progressive Era
Superego
The Moral, Judicial & Ethical portion of an individual's personality is?
Erik Erikson
The Psychosocial Theory developed by _____ ______ is based on the premise that an individual's social environment shapes her/his behaviors and personality.
Ego
The Rational executive portion of an individual's personality is?
Treament
The Termination phase begins once the _____ goals have been met.
Reality Testing
The ability or process of distinguishing the internal world of thoughts and feelings from the external world is known as?
Judgement
The ability to distinguish between reality and imagination is called?
Impulse Control
The ability to handle frustration is called?
Discrimination
The act of expressing prejudice or the intentional taking away certain choices, benefits, or other opportunities from a minority group is defined as?
Discrimination
The act of expressing prejudice or the intentional taking away of certain choices, benefits, or other opportunities from a minority group is defined as?
Behavior
The act that is the focus of the analysis & target for change is called?
b. to assess client progress continually and to revise and update treatment planning
The most significant clinical purpose for maintaining social work records in a family agency is: a. to facilitate worker accountability for treatment quality b. to assess client progress continually and to revise and update treatment planning c. to provide documentation that protects the agency and the worker from malpractice suits d. to provide continuity of care and to simplify transfer if the social worker leaves
Fixation
The partial or complete cessation of personality development at one of the psychosexual stages is called?
1) Experimental Eval-Utilizes experimental & quasi-exp designs. 2) Performance Audits-3rd party, indep evaluator review 3) Decision-oriented-is a review of individual components of a prog
There 3 types of Outcome Evaluations are?
Open Group
This kind of group therapy structure is flexible and allows members to come and go as they desire (e.g., AA Groups)
1) Institutional=Preventative 2) Residual=Reactive
Two Approaches to Social Welfare
Their parents abused them, stress, isolation
What are the factors associated with a parent becoming a physical abuser?
Differentiation
The infant's attention shifts from being inwardly focused to outwardly focused is which substage?
d. nothing - this would be unethical
There has been a traumatic event in your town. You have been instrumental in providing services. You would like to publicize the work you did. You would: a. write your congressman and ask him to issue a public statement about your work b. call the newspaper and ask them to do a story c. write your local social work board d. nothing - this would be unethical
Professional Ethics & Values
The main purpose of early supervision is to establish learning objectives.
...
The mission statement of an agency represents: a. A broad statement of the agency's goals and social purposes b. An absolute commitment to specific activities c. A basis for planning next year's programs d. A fund raising device
Id
The most primitive stage of the personality is?
blackouts
The most significant and pervasive indicator of alcoholism is _____________.
Urging Force (or Cathexis) & Checking Force (Anti-Cathexis)
The development of an individual's mental state is the result of a reciprocal exchange between two forces?
b) early latency --Pre-operational; thinking is conceptual and reality based.
The developmental stage where children are extremely concerned w/absolutes is _______. a) middle latency b) early latency c) late latency d) phallic stage
Topographical theory
The differentiation of the mind into unconscious, conscious and preconscious; Freud's concept of the mind's structure as differentiated into 3 levels is such a theory. e.g. Freud's "Mental Iceberg Model"
Entropy
The dissolution or disorganization of a closed system results in less differentiation and a lost of function is defined as?
Human Development, Diversity & Behavior in the Environment
The duration of illness is the factor most strongly linked to caregiver stress.
Sense of Reality (of the world & self)
The extent to which external/internal events are seen as real is called?
1) Single parents, due to divorce, or blended families 2) Homo or Heterosexual Marriage 3) Foster Families 4) Multigenerational Families, living under one house 5) Grandparents Raising the Kids
The family forms
Fam form 5 Grandparents raising the kids, accounts for 6% or 4.5 Million kids in the US.
The fastest growing Family Form
a. form the board of directors
The first step in forming a new program is to: a. form the board of directors b. hire the executive director c. identify the program's policies d. determine the budget
Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital
The five psychosexual stages of development are? (Orphan Annie Pretty Little Girl)
Rapprochement
The infant begins to want to act independently is which substage?
Object Constancy Sub-stage
The infant internalizes her/his mother and begins to understand her/his mother still exists for her/him despite her absence is which sub-stage?
Practicing
The infant separates from the caretaker and her /his autonomous ego function becomes more apparent is which sub-stage?
b. family provider and protector
The positive cultural value that is expressed in the ideals of "machismo" is: a. masculinity b. family provider and protector c. power and control d. cooperation
Repression
The pushing of negative or painful image, thought or idea out of the unconsciousness & considered the primary defense mechanism is called?
Correlation
The relationship between variables & expressed as a coefficient & where r of either 1.0 (+ relationship) or -1.0 (opposite relationship) is considered a ____.
Trust vs. Mistrust
The stage is from birth to 1 year and involves either being loved & nurtured or not.
Sensorimotor
The stage of development that involves an infant using her/his senses and motor functions to understand the world is?
Preaffiliation
The stage of group development, group members get acquainted with one another and are looking to the SW for direction.
Crisis Intervention
The theoretical base of this approach is base on psychoanalytic, Ego psychology & social learning theory & focuses on mitigating a short term crisis & learning new coping skills is known as?
Kohlberg
The theory of Moral Development was developed by Lawrence ____.
Pre-conventional, Conventional & Post-conventional
The three levels of moral development are?
Baseline & Intervention Phase
The two phases of N=1 are?
Assimilation (the incorporation of an aspect of one's environment into an existing mental schema) OR Accommodation (The adaptation or modification of existing mental schema to the characteristics of a new object).
The two types of Piaget's adaption are?
Identification
The unconscious modeling of one's self upon another person's behavior is called?
Electra Complex
The unconscious sexual attraction that a girl has for her father because she is aware of not having a penis & thus feels inferior & blames her mother is called?
Defense Mechanisms
The unconscious, irrational processes to protect the Ego & minimize pain, anxiety, or discomfort by distorting, hiding, or denying reality is called?
Learned & Changed
The underlying premise of Behavioral Theory is that all behaviors are _____ & can be _____.
Misconceptions, irrational thoughts & false beliefs.
The work of cognitive theory address Mis-______, ______ thoughts ______ beliefs.
For money
Theory X
Work for it's own sake
Theory Y
Lawrence Kohlberg - believes moral development parallels cognitive development - moral reasoning (basis for ethical behavior) has 6 developmental stages - a person must pass through each stage without skipping - stages are grouped as pre conventional (before 9), conventional (early adolescence), and post conventional (adult)
Theory of Moral Development
Individuals help each other in order to influence and change issues on all levels
Therapeutic group
Experimental Single Systems Designs
These type of SSD designs A-B-A, A-B-A-B, & B-A-B are know as?
Tarasoft V. Regents of University of California
This 1976 California Supreme Court case establish that SW's have a duty to warn victims of active threats by their client of physical harm & is known as?
HIPAA - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
This Act passed in 1996 provides: -Protections & limits on use & disclosure of PHI -Access to Protected Health Information -Right to receive notice of privacy practices
Jean Piaget
This Cognitive Development theorist believed all individuals are born with Schemas both sensorimotor and cognitive.
Projection
This Defense Mechanism is taking our own unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people is known as?
Retroflection
This Gestalt treatment concept is where a client does to themselves what they would like to do, to another person is defined as?
Confluence
This Gestalt treatment concept is where a client focuses on false or unrealistic similarities & tends to ignore or deny the differences is defined as?
Projection
This Gestalt treatment concept is where a client takes unacceptable & undesirable parts of their own personality & attributes them to another person is defined as?
Introjection
This Gestalt treatment concept is where the client inappropriately receives & internalizes messages & info from others is defined as?
Interquartile Range
This Measure of Variability is the Difference between the upper and lower quartiles.
Homeostatic Balance
This Systems Theory concept is described as the tendency of a system to seek restoration and maintenance of stability.
Social Security
This act in passed in 1935 est a public trust fund or social insurance prog that pays retirement, permanent disability & family & survivors benefits.
Mode
This average is determined by the score(s) that appear most frequently.
Mean
This average is obtained by adding all the scores together & dividing by the total number of scores.
Median
This average is where 50% of the scores fall above & 50% fall below a central value.
Ratio
This category of measurement is a scale with an absolute zero, (e.g., a score of 50 is 1/2 of 100) & known as?
Interval
This category of measurement is discrete & follows a continuous pattern & of equal distance apart like on scale (-/+) & known as?
Ordinal
This category of measurement is relative & based upon each other, (e.g., 1st, 2nd, 3rd) & known as?
Nominal
This category of measurement is two or more variables (e.g., male/female, high/low, pass/fail) & known as?
Paradoxical Direction (Directive)
This cognitive approach technique is used to make the client aware of & continue the behavior that is causing anxiety (i.e., fear of public speaking) & to provide the client w/ a sense of control.
Measure of Central Tendency
This concept is known as the degree to which certain findings cluster or group together by determining the Average.
Vertical
This intervention approach deals with problems and issues by reaching outside the community, e.g., government.
Horizontal
This intervention approach deals with problems or issues within the community.
Closed Group
This kind of Group therapy structure is completely arranged and controlled by the SW including number, length, location, group membership, and goals (e.g., Bereavement Group).
Tourette's Disorder (Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics have been present at some time during the illness, although not necessarily concurrently) Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder (Single or multiple motor or vocal tics have been present during the illness, but not both motor and vocal) Provisional Tic Disorder (Single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics)
Tic Disorders
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
To assure that translations are accurate, it's important to use a professional, not a family members.
a. hire a consultant
To deal with service delivery problems, an agency would: a. hire a consultant b. develop a client feedback system c. use resource records d. review each case after termination
-There is a genuine Therapist/Client Relationship -The client has communicated a serious & imminent threat of physical violence -The threat is against identifiable victim
To fulfill the Duty to Warn the following criteria have to met:
Operant techniques --Operant conditioning stresses importance of reinforcement. --Token system is predicated on being given an award (token) for desired behavior.
Token systems
Need for markedly increased amounts Markedly diminished effect of same amount
Tolerance
The differentiation of the mind into unconscious, conscious and preconscious; Freud's concept of the mind's structure as differentiated into 3 levels is such a theory. e.g. Freud's "Mental Iceberg Model"
Topographical theory
-multiple motor and vocal tics -present for at least 1 year -waxing, waning symptom course
Tourette's
Explores ways ct interacts with others
Transactional Analysis
Uses scripts which is used to show client their life, interations between persons are transacted between ego states, three ego states: parent, adult, and child. change is defined by treatment contract that is made between adult and adult ego states
Transactional Analysis
Projection of feelings originally linked to nuclear early life figures onto current objects
Transference
unconscious redirection of a client's feelings for a significant person to the SW.
Transference
unconscious redirection of a clients feelings for a significant person to the SW
Transference
A.over a period of a least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from cross dressing as manifested by ect... B. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in ect...
Transvestic Disorder
Hesitance from substances, maximizing life functioning, preventing or reducing the frequency and severity
Treatment Goals for Substance Dependence
Absitance from substances, maximizing life funcitoning, prevening or reducing the frequency and severity
Treatment Goals for Susbtance Dependence
transactional --Concerns itself with exchanges between people or within an individual as the person enacts different roles.
Treatment approach that attempts to separate ego states into child, adult and parent function is used in ___________ analysis.
...
Treatment for children who have been sexually molested by their father will not include: a. Group treatment with other child sexual abuse victims b. Individual treatment c. Mother-child treatment groups to help the child and mother deal with their anger d. Father-child groups to help with reconciliation
...
Treatment for grief issues are often provided through: a. Psychoanalysis b. Groups focused on grief and loss issues c. Behavioral treatment Intensive case management
least restrictive treatment enviornment that is safe and effective
Treatment settings should be
worker points out how family members work or behavior, talk through others, encourage direct communiation
Triangulation
hair pulling
Trichotillomania
pulling of ones hair
Trichotillomania
Recurrent pulling out of one's hair, resulting in hair loss
Trichotillomania Disorder
precipation ofhyompani in some bipolar clients, with suicidal clients, SSRI's would be safer than TCA's
Triclyclic Antidepressants
precipitation of hypompania in some bipolar clients, with suicidal clients, SSRI's would be safer than TCA's.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Amitriptyline, Doxepin, Nortriptyline
Tricyclics
Hope: belief that environment will provide for needs - Erikson
Trust v. Mistrust
Infancy; basic trust or mistrust in enviornment and self
Trust. Vs. Mistrust
c. talk to the negative one about the dangers of unprotected sex
Two gay men have been voluntarily admitted to a residential facility. One is HIV+ and one is not. During their stay, they engage in a sexual encounter. How would you respond? a. advise the negative one to have an AIDS test b. tell the positive one about HIV laws c. talk to the negative one about the dangers of unprotected sex d. review the rules of the facility with both
Horizontal & Vertical
Two interventional approaches when working with communities & larger systems are the _______ & ________ approach.
Alfred Adler & Albert Ellis
Two of the early cognitive theorists Alfred ______ & Albert _______.
d. tell the client he'll call him later
Two social workers are in a crowded restaurant when one of the social worker's clients approaches them. What should the social worker do? a. pretend he doesn't know the client b. introduce the client as his friend to the other social worker c. tell the client to leave them alone d. tell the client he'll call him later
Qualitative & Quanitative
Two types of SW Research are?
In-Cash & In-Kind
Two types of Social Services can be delivered of ________ (e.g., unemp benefits, Temp Aid for Needy Fam) or _______ (e.g., Food Stamps).
1) Cash Assistance="Gov. Check" 2) In-Kind Benefits=Tangible items or services 3) Entitlements=Can be either one, but no time limit ex. Social Security.
Types of Social Welfare Programs
Groups centered on a shared problem, counseling groups, activity groups, action groups, self-help groups, natural groups, closed vs open groups, structured groups, crisis groups, reference groups (similar values)
Types of therapy groups
Thoughts, feelings, desires and memories of which clients have no awareness but that influence every aspect of their day-to-day lives
Unconscious (Psychoanalytic Theory)
Means-Tested & Income-Tested
Under Selective Social Welfare Prog's, Prog's are generally _____- ______ or ______-______ in that prog eligibility & the amt of benefits is based on the client's or family's household income level & economic situation.
a person uses words or actions to symbolically reverse or negate unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or actions. i.e. a person compulsively washing hands to deal with thoughts
Undoing
Five
Unlike Freud, Erickson believed personality development continued after the age of _____.
symptoms characteristics of communication disorder that cause clinical significant distress but do not meet the full criteria for communication disorder or for any of the disorders.
Unspecified Communication Disorder
Measuring the true difference in the subject being measured
Validity
Social workers primary goal is to help people in need and address oscial problems,
Value: Service
Direct Questioning
Verbal & Written responses during an assessment are this type of questioning?
INTERVENTION SHOULD ALWAYS BE TO OBTAIN MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR THE VICTIM AND IS THE ONLY TIME YOU REFER Cycle of Abuse 1. Tension building phase 2. Acute battering incident 3. Honeymoon - kind, contrite and loving behavior 4. Repeat Social Exchange Theory - Victim wont leave due to multiple factors not just the relationship
Violence/Cycle of abuse
Experiential Family Therapy -Looked at roles of "the rescuer" or "the placator" that function to constrain relationships and interactions in families. -Uses awareness & communication of feelings to increase intimacy in the family and to improve self esteem of family members. -Emphasis placed on changing verbal & non-verbal communication patterns that lower self-esteem.
Virginia Satir
A. Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity B. Individual has acted on these urges with a non-consenting person or cause distress C. At least 18 years old
Voyeuristic Disorder
wechsler adult intellgience scale
WAIS
weschler intelligence scale for children
WISC
...
Watch class video about sexual orientation- coming out
PDA, own property, get married, don't get questions about why their parent live together, gets benefits from government and institutions, can feel welcome and normal in public
What are some examples of heterosexual privilege?
Divorce and separation, single parenting, step parenting, addiction/drug abuse, spouse/partner abuse, child maltreatment
What are some issues families face?
Generalizations about behaviors, or beliefs we hold about certain groups
What are stereotypes?
Id, Ego, & Superego
What are the 3 Structural Personality Developmental stages?
-Need to Know -Legitimate Research -Legitimate Law-enforcement -Court order/subpoena -Emergency situations
What are the exceptions to the Federal Privacy Act of 1974?
b. The social work privilege is not absolute and the worker may be required to testify if ordered to do so by the judge
When testifying in court, a social worker is asked specific questions concerning his client, who is a defendant in a criminal case. What concept should guide the social worker: a. The social worker has social work privilege and cannot be asked to provide confidential case information. b. The social work privilege is not absolute and the worker may be required to testify if ordered to do so by the judge. c. The Code of Ethics requires that the worker refuse to testify. d. Agency policy requires the worker to maintain absolute confidentiality
Psychotherapy, Clinical Interventions & Case Management
When the group has an intimidating "leader", the social worker should ask the group how they feel about the leaders comments.
Professional Ethics & Values
When there is a suspected disparity in the workplace, it must be objectively investigated before any other actions can take place. (ex: initiate a salary survey)
During the Progressive Era, the 1800's
When was the Social Work Profession Born?
d. Native American
When working with a client from a _________________ background, it is best to avoid direct eye contact: a. African American b. Asian c. Caucasian d. Native American
Socialization
Where do we learn prejudice and stereotypes?
Emotional abuse/neglect
Which is the category of neglecting parent that has lost energy, both physically and emotionally, to relate to children?
d. List your previous employment
Which of the below questions is not evidence of discrimination in a job interview or job application process: a. Please send a photograph with the application b. What is your birthdate? c. What is your husband's occupation? d. List your previous employment
b. Privilege
Which of the following is an issue that lawmakers may need to decide? a. Anonymity b. Privilege c. Confidentiality d. Self-determination
d. emotional abuse
Which of the following is most difficult to indentify in a pre-school age child? a. physical neglect b. physical abuse c. sexual abuse d. emotional abuse
reviewing the mission statement to be sur ethat they reflect the agency's values
a social wor agency is planning on developing its strategic plan for hte next five years. hgow should they start this process?
Structural functionalist perspective from the Sociological theory
Which theory believes poverty serves economic, social, cultural, and political functions?
a. a recent parental divorce
While many variables affect suicidality among teenagers, which item below has been a particularly powerful predictor: a. a recent parental divorce b. a transfer to a new school c. a history of occasional drug use d. a change in family economic status
Males
Who is privileged in sexism?
Those who are Christian are rewarded with status and power. Christian privilege is unseen to those who are Christian. Religious privilege is obvious to those who profess no faith or whose faith is other than Christian. Minority religious groups may feel oppressed or discriminated against.
Who is religious privilege is obvious to?
a. A young, single mother who drinks
Who would be most at risk for abusing his/her children? a. A young, single mother who drinks b. a man with a history of impulsive behavior c. a woman who often gets angry with her teenage son d. a woman who was raised in homeless shelters.
Influence values
Why is religion important to social work?
a. Assess her needs and decide whether or not to disclose her secret to other staff members
You are a social worker in an inpatient psychiatric facility. A female patient tells you a secret and asks you not to share it with others. You should: a. Assess her needs and decide whether or not to disclose her secret to other staff members b. Disclose her secret to other staff members and her therapy group and tell the client when you do this c. Discuss the case with a supervisor d. Tell the client you will honor her wishes
a. Tell them you will need to speak with the child's parents
You are a social worker practicing in a rural town. One of the local agencies asks you to test a child for ADHD. You would: a. Tell them you will need to speak with the child's parents b. Test the child c. Tell them you would need to speak with the school d. Refuse
c. Group members communicate through the social worker and ignore one another
You are beginning a group for parents and their teenage children. From your experiences with new groups, you know that there is an expected communication style among members in the early stages of groups. Typically, which of the following occurs: a. Group members are hostile toward the social worker b. Group members interact with one another and more or less ignore the social worker c. Group members communicate through the social worker and ignore one another d. Cliques develop within the group
a. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
You are seeing a Somali woman who has been in the U.S. for one year. She has been experiencing nightmares, difficulties in her personal relationships, inability to sleep, and difficulty concentrating, and her affect is flat. What might you suspect for a diagnosis? a. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder b. Alcohol Abuse c. Depression d. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
a. To identify family history of this disease
You are working with a client who exhibits some symptoms of alcohol abuse but denies that he has a problem. You decide to complete a genogram with your client. In this case, what would be the purpose of doing a genogram? a. To identify family history of this disease b. To check the client's long term memory c. To determine the client's current support system d. To determine personality characteristics of the client's family
a. end treatment with the client
You decide that one of your clients could be best helped by a treatment intervention that is outside your scope of practice. What would you do? a. end treatment with the client b. seek consultation c. tell the client you are not familiar with the needed intervention d. get training in this intervention
b. tell the client and refer him to another social worker
You have been seeing a client for a while when you discover you are dating his brother. What should you do? a. end the relationship with the boyfriend b. tell the client and refer him to another social worker c. tell the client and let him decide what he wants to do d. don't tell the client
b. report elder abuse
You have been seeing an elderly couple for one month. The 70 year old husband recently had a stroke. The wife tells you that sometimes he hits her. She rolls up her sleeve and shows you large bruises. You should: a. consider that the stroke caused his violence b. report elder abuse c. refer the couple to a doctor before reporting abuse d. call adult protective services and ask if you should file a report
d. Explore what happened in the last session
You have been working with a client for five months. At the end of a session, the client begins crying and says with a great deal of emotion that you have helped him a lot. During the next meeting, the client is quiet, seems embarrassed, and refuses to talk about his feelings. You should: a. Respect the client's right to self-determination b. Work through his transference c. Talk about your feelings d. Explore what happened in the last session
c. Refer the ex-wife to another social worker
You receive a call from a woman who is the ex-wife of a client you are currently working with. The woman wants to set up an appointment with you. You should: a. Set up an appointment with her without telling your client you have done so b. Set up a conjoint appointment with the ex-wife and client c. Refer the ex-wife to another social worker d. Tell the ex-wife that you cannot see her because you are already treating her ex-husband
a. positive reinforcement
You receive a phone call from clients who have a child who is refusing to shower. They report the child cries when they attempt to get him to shower, and when they back away and leave him alone, he stops crying. This is an example of: a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. modeling
d. the structure and format of the group
Your 17 year old client is demonstrating behavioral problems and considerable anger. You consider referring him for group therapy. Your main concern should be: a. the education of the group leader b. the experience of the group leader c. whether the group is heterogeneous or homogeneous d. the structure and format of the group
d. Refuse this request
Your 19 year old client's parents want information from you about their son. Do you: a. Get a release of information from your client in order to talk to the parents b. Ask the parents to join you and your client in a session c. Call the parents to discuss this request d. Refuse this request
c. Refer your client to a group for men whose partners have been assaulted
Your client is a man whose wife was raped. He reports feeling overwhelmed and confused, wanting to be supportive but also feeling sexually distant from his wife. She is in treatment with another therapist. Your best treatment plan would be: a. Call the wife's therapist to consult and coordinate treatment b. Bring the wife into counseling with you and her husband c. Refer your client to a group for men whose partners have been assaulted d. Normalize your client's feelings and continue individual counseling
The program must begin with 0 budget allocation (spend it)
Zero-Based Budgeting
WISC-R
__ is an eamle of a child intelligent test
WAIS
__ is an example of an intelligence test foor adults
MMPI
__ is apersonality test
persistent depressive disorder (longer lasting depression but with less severe symptoms)
___ is another term for dysthymia
Punishment
_____ is defined as the presentation of an unpleasant or undesired event following a behavior in order to decrease its occurrence.
Adaptation & Goodness of Fit
_____ is the reciprocal process by which the individual and their environment change and adapt to one another in order to achieve _____ of _____?
Reinforcers
________ are defined as the presentation of a positive or negative stimulus following a behavior in order to increase the probability of its occurrence.
assess for exposure to other forms of sexually explicit material
a child was reported talking to peers about sexually explicit stuff; they ruled out direct sexual abuse; what shuld the social worker do next?
help the child express pereptionsa bout what happened?
a child witnesses her father get murdered; wahts the first thing the social worker should do?
the assisgnment of a code to the client by the health dept without the use of names
a client asks a social wokrer about an anonymous HIV test; the social worker explains that an anonymous HIV test is what?
ask if she has plan
a client calls a social worker and tells her htat she's depressed and wants to kill herself. whats the FIRST thing the social worker sohould do?
ask the client to seek medical consultation (have to rue out medical etiology)
a client has several sypmtoms of depression and also several somaticc compliants, e.g., headaches, neck pain, etc... what is the FIRST step that the SW should take
help client make an appeal to the public housing settlement through the house's designated proces
a client is being evicted from ublic housing; whats the FIRST thing teh soical worker should do to help?
he signs a release form for EVERY agency and hospital that sends his info q
a client's information from SEVERAL agency;s and hospitals needs to be given to his new treatment center; how should this go down?
c. refer the son to another social worker
a man who lives in your neighborhood phones you expressing concerns about his son's conduct at school. The boy has skipped classes and his grades have declined this year. You and the man have several friends in common and you see him frequently at parties. The man asks if you would see his son for therapy. Your best course of action is to: a. see the son for therapy after you clarify issues of confidentiality with his parents b. see the son once to assess his needs and then refer him to another social worker c. refer the son to another social worker d. agree to see the son for therapy
c. Experience chronic depression on most days for two years or longer
a patient experiencing dysthymic disorder will: a. Vividly describe hallucinations that began at least three months ago b. Have associated eating disorders that began at least six months ago c. Experience chronic depression on most days for two years or longer d. Probably be drug dependent
arrange for the paretns to receive medical check ups
a rural familys parents are having several medical symptoms but are uninsured, what shoud teh social worer do first?
offer to create a support group for teh students
a school counselor contacts a socal worker at a comunity center and tells aout several students who are having trouble coping with parents' emntal illnesses; wahts the BEST response of the social worker?
a. discuss the issue with the nurse
a social worker discovers that a nurse is giving more pain medication to a patient than the doctor has prescribed. What should the social worker do? a. discuss the issue with the nurse b. report the nurse immediately to the medical board c. immediately tell the nurse's supervisor d. tell the doctor
research the hisotircal problems that led to the policies
a social worker is asked to analyze new social welfare policies that will affect the community. what is the FIRST step in this rocess?.
institutionalized approach
a social worker is working at a senior health center run by the government that is open to ALL seniors; what is this APPROACH to the provision of services called?
a framework for analyzing problems
a systems approach in social work therapy can be most accurately desribed as what?
explore the boys fears about telling ihs parents
a teenage boy tells the school social worker about his inteimate relationsip wit another boy bt says that he doesnt want the SW to share that wiht his parents; wahts the BEST response to this disclsure?
The idea that if you ask people an affirming question, they tend to go with it. You can bias your results based on the way you word your question.
acquiescent response set
not chronic
acute
lack of movement
akinesia
fear of pain
algophobia
sharing of strengths and help others, which boosts self-esteem and confidence
altruism
a method or processing information that compares the similarities between new and understood concepts, then uses those similarities to gain understanding of the new concept.
analogous reasoning
emphasizes the primary importance of the individual psyche and the personal quest for wholeness
analytic psychology/ jungian psychology
loss of strength and energy
anergia
loss of interest/pleasure
anhedonia
an arrangement that makes it impossible for a researcher to link any research data with a given research participant. Distinguished from confidentiality, in which the researcher is able to identify a given person's responses but essentially promises not to do so publicly.
anonymity
MAO inhibitors are a class of ________________.
antidepressants
Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Celexa, Lexapro are anti_________.
antidepressants (SSRIs)
Haldol, Thorazine, Clozaril, Risperdal, Seroquel, Abilify, Zyprexa are anti________.
antipsychotics
marked lack of interest or motivation
apathy
inability to produce language
aphasia
fear of being touched
aphephobia
inability to speak or produce normal speech
aphonia
replace all of community cultures of the original community
assimilation
muscle incoordination
atazia
lack of initiative especially for goal directed activity
avolition
Nardil, Parnate, and Marplan are ____________. a) tricyclic antidepressants b) MAO inhibitors c) SSRIs d) Benzodiazepines
b) MAO Inhibitors
The developmental stage where children are extremely concerned w/absolutes is _______. a) middle latency b) early latency c) late latency d) phallic stage
b) early latency --Pre-operational; thinking is conceptual and reality based.
The most significant and pervasive indicator of alcoholism is _____________.
blackouts
interruption of communication before a thought or idea has been completed
blocking
reduction in affect
blunting
2 or more conditions
comorbid
related to psychosis. detached from reality, move slowly, stiff, statue like.
catatonic
one event brings about the other ( A---->B )
causation
long peristing
chronic
a study in which some specific group is studied over time, although data may be collected from different members in each set of observations. For example, a study of the professional careers of students earning their social work degrees in 1990, in which questionairs were sent out every five years would be this type of study; Look @ different people w common characteristics @ diff points.
cohort studies
reassurance, acceptance, encouragement
examples of sustaining procedures are __
the reports of observations of variables
data
after the study, the researcher reveals any deception, the hypothesis of the study, and the possible implications of the study; Can be harmful.
debriefing
comments that could harm ct. not true comments
defamatory
acute, organically caused brain d/o. confusion altered consciousness
delirium
fixed, false belief not ordinarily accepted by other members of an individuals culture.
delusions
organically caused mental d/o- loss of previously held mental abilities
dementia
the variable that is assumed to depend on, or be caused by, another (called the independent variable) if you find that income is partly a function of amount of formal education, then income is being treated as a dependent variable.; affected by the independent
dependent variables
a safe, supportive place to practice new behaviors
development of socialization technique
chronic, severe persistent irritability/ severe recurrent temper outburst (verbal or behavioral) out of proportion
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
movement d/o involving involuntary muscle contractions
dyskinesia
impaired ability to created or understand sounds
dysphonia
feeling hopeless, uncomfortable, unhappy
dysphoria
In Piaget's ___________ stage, the child has developed some ability for symbolic thinking but lacks the capacity to think conceptually.
early latency/pre-operational thinking (ages 6-7)
erroneously drawing conclusions about individuals based solely on the observations of groups
ecological fallacy
Perception, motility, and memory are considered ______ functions. According to Hartmann, these abilities are present at birth and are in the ____________, the infant's innate constitution.
ego, "conflict-free sphere"
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are unacceptable to the individual, thereby causing great internal conflict. i.e. someone with OCD- they see their problem as an issue.
egodystonic
consistent about ones self image.- deny they have a problem. i.e. someone with a personality disorder
egosyntonic
severe symptoms that are caused by a biochemical imbalance
endogenous
normal non-depressed reasonably positive mood.
euthymia
a variable whose values are not problematical in an analysis but are taken as simply given. It's presumed to cause or explain a dependent variable if we discover that religiosity is partly a function for gender-women are more religious than men- gender is the independent variable and religiosity is the dependent variable. Note that any given variable might be treated as independent in one part of the analysis and dependent in another part. Religiosity might become an independent variable in the explanation of crime.; the cause of something
independent variables
According to Erikson, the psychosocial developmental stage related to a child's school performance is _______________________.
industry vs. inferiority (ages 6-11) --Child develops mastery over physical objects, self, social transactions, ideas, and concepts.
-participants must know they are participating in the study, know the risks, and consent. Consent can be withdrawn at any time.
informed consent
an independent panel of professionals that is required to approve the ethics of research involving human subjects
institutional review board (IRB)
the extent of consistency among different observers in their judgements, as reflected in the percentage of agreement or degree of correlation in their independent ratings.; if 2 observations are too different, they call in a 3rd person.
inter-rater reliability
a practical and commonly used approach to assessing reliability that examines the homogeneity of a measurement instrument by dividing the instrument into equivalent halves and then calculating the correlation of the score of the two halves.
internal consistency reliability
Erikson's _______ stage is the stage when the developmental task is to establish interpersonal intimacy.
intimacy vs isolation (early to late 20s)
rapidly shifting/unstable
labile
interest in making friends
latency
A clear delineation of the superego as a psychic structure occurs during the ________ stage.
latency stage --The latency stage is characterized by the sublimation of the oedipal stage; a necessary precursor to the development of the superego.
researchers should seek "objective" scientific methodology to measure scientific phenomena, emphasizing observable properties of material things that can be subjected to experimental methods.
logical empiricism
study design that involves the collection of data at different points in time, as contrasted w a cross-sectional study
longitudinal
a period of 2-week and a change from previous functioning; at least 1 of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure from nearly all activities
major depressive disorder
process of engaging in manipulative behavior in order to gain or avoid something
malingering
psychological safety love/belonging esteem self actualization
maslows hierarchy of needs
(or intervening variables) the mechanism by which an independent variable affects a dependent variable.; factors that are positioned btw the I and D variables but do not affect the relationship between them.
mediating variables
a means of measuring or studying the social world
methods
a variable that influences the strength or direction of a relationship between independent and dependent variables.; Variables are factors that affect the relationship btw the I and D variables.
moderating variables
a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases in value as the other variable decreases. For example: level of utilization of community-based aftercare and services and re-hospitalization rates.
negative relationship
24-38 months can substitute internal image during absence.
object constancy
recurrent, senseless ideas, impulses thoughts and images that are ego dystonic
obsessions
recurrent, senseless ideas, impulses, thoughts, and images that are ego-dystonic
obsessions
one step beyond conceptualization. it's the process of developing operational definitions.
operationalization
examines the same people at different points.
panel studies
viewing world w limited exposure
paraochialism
Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years
persistent depressive disorder
a relationship between two variables that are no longer related when a third variable is controlled; the third variable explains away the original relationship. Thus, the relationship between number of storks and number of human births in geographic areas is spurious because it is explained away by the fact that areas with more humans are more likely to have a zoo or larger zoo.; correlated but not causal.
spurious correlation
(1) Formulate a question to answer practice needs (2) search for the evidence (3) critically appraise the relevant studies you find (4) determine which evidence-based intervention is most appropriate for your particular client(s) (5) apply the evidence-based intervention (6) evaluation and feedback
stages of evidence based practice
Cocaine is a _________.
stimulant
Taken in larger amounts or over a longer period Unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use Great deal of time to obtain or recover Craving Failure to fulfill major obligations Continuing to use Important activities given up or reduced Using in situations in which it is physically hazardous Continue to use despite knowledge of having physical or psychological problems
substance use disorder
According to Mahler, the stage during which the child has a sense of the mother as a separate person is ____________.
symbiosis --Child beginning to recognize the mother as a separate entity in the symbiotic stage (1-5 mo); infant breaking out of autistic shell; recognizing self as separate. --Stranger anxiety at about 6 months of age.
an error in measurement with a consistent pattern of effects. For example: when child welfare workers ask abusive parents whether they have been abusing their children, they may get biased answers that are consistently untrue because parents do not want to admit to abusive behavior. contrast this to random error, which has no consistent pattern of effects.
systematic error
circular-begins by assuming the very thing that is meant to be proven by the argument itself.
tautological reasoning
reduce duration of problems by reducing negative after effects (drug rehabs).
tertiary prevention
consistency, or stability, of measurement over time.
test-retest reliability
magical thinking
the belief that one's THOUGHTS alone can result in the accomplishment of certain wishes is called what?
thought broadcasting
the belief that others can hear or are aware of ones thoughts is called what?
an approach to inquiry that attempts to safe-guard against errors commonly made in casual human inquiry. chief features include viewing all knowledge as provisional and subject to refutation, searching for evidence based on systematic and comprehensive observation, pursuing objectivity in observation, and replication
the scientific method
a systematic set of interrelated statements intended to explain some aspect of social life or enrich our sense of how people conduct and find meaning in their daily lives
theory
-obtain endorsement from community leaders, community confidentiality, employ local community members as research staff, provide adequate compensation, alleviate transportation and child care barriers, choose a sensitive and accessible setting, use and train culturally competent interviewers, use bilingual staff, understanding cultural factors influencing participation, connect w/ nurture referral sources, use anchor points
tips for recruiting often marginalized groups for participation in research
Treatment approach that attempts to separate ego states into child, adult and parent function is used in ___________ analysis.
transactional --Concerns itself with exchanges between people or within an individual as the person enacts different roles.
Barbiturates are never used to _____________.
treat severe depression. --Barbiturates are a class of drugs which induce a hypnotic or sedative effect.
examine general population over time
trend studies
the use of more than one imperfect data-collection alternative in which each option is vulnerable to different potential sources of error. For example, instead of relying exclusively on a client's self-report of how often a particular target behavior occurred during a specific period, a significant other (teacher, cottage parent, and so on) is asked to monitor the behavior as well. ; more than one way of measuring the same thing (can't reduce random error, can reduce systematic error)
triangulation
Antidepressants such as Tofranil and Elavil are part of a group of medications known as ________________.
tricyclics --Not commonly used now due to cardiac monitoring issues.
is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges and memories, outside of our conscious awareness. unaware
unconcious
the "what" or "whom" being studied. In social science research, the most typical ones are individual people
units of analysis
helps people see that they are not alone
universality
a descriptive term used of a measure that accurately reflects the concept that it's intended to measure. For example: Your IQ would seem a more valid measure of your intelligence than would the number of hours you spend in the library. Realize that the ultimate validity of a measure can never be proven, but we may still agree to its relative validity, content validity, construct validity, internal, and external validity. This must not be confused with reliability.
validity
logical groupings of attributes. the variable "gender" contains the attributes "male" and "female"; a characteristic, attitude, behavior, or event that can take 2 or more values.; concept with more than one attribute
variables
No one should be forced to participate
voluntary participation
General Systems Theory
von Bertalanffy
avoid people who don't have freedom to decline participation- delinquents, etc.
vulnerable populations
industry versus inferiority (occurs between ages 6 and 12)
what is the normal developmental crsis tat a child has to resolve during middle chcildhood?
family reunificationq
what is the prpeferred goal for permanency planning?
ask them to come in to discsus their decision
what should a social worker do if a client who has come in several times tells them they want to terminate services/
quasi-experimental
what si teh MOST practical research design for conducting an agency program evaluation?
sleeplessness (NOT genralized hallucinations, flights of thought or perseveration!)q
whats a common symptom of bereavement
collateral
when someone has been abused and a social worker interviews people who may have seen or heard the abuse these peopel are caled what?
Social work research seeks to give the field the information it needs to alleviate human suffering and promote social welfare.
why i should study research methods
because it contradicts behavioral expectations in prison culture
why is it likely that clients in a prison setting may be less likely to share their intimate thoughts and feelings in a group therapy?
ask the superisee if frequent practie dillemas occur with certain client GROUPs
you think tat there may be issues with a supervisee who is according to case records providing service inequities to certian clients; what would allow the supervisor to BEST determine wheter this is actually happening?