Chemistry Chapter 6:5
Dipole
A _____ is created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance.
dipoles
Because of their uneven charge distribution, polar molecules have _____.
Electrons repel each other because light charges repel.
Identify the major assumption of the VSEPR theory, which is used to predict the shape of atoms.
Unshared electrons on oxygen
In water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to one oxygen atom. Why isn't water a linear molecule?
boiling point
The ____ ____ of a liquid is a good measure of the intermolecular forces between the molecules. The higher the ____ ____, the stronger the forces between the molecules.
London dispersion forces
The intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles are called ________.
Valence-share, electron-pair repulsion
VSEPR Theory stands for ????
hydrogen bonding
What is the strongest intermolecular force?
1s and 3p
What orbitals combine together to form sp3 hybrid orbitals around a carbon atom?
Difference between electronegativities and molecular geometry.
What two factors determine whether or not a molecule is polar?
molecules
a neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds.
hybrid orbitals
are orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals of the same atom.
hybridization
is the mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new hybrid atomic orbitals of equal energies.
linear
molecules with only 2 atoms.
Unshared electron pairs
repel other electron pairs more strongly than bonding pairs do.
VSEPR Theory
states the repulsion between the sets of valence-level electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far apart as possible.
Molecular Polarity
strongly influences the forces that act between molecules in liquids and solids
Molecular geometry
the 3-dimensional arrangement of a molecule's atoms in space.
intermolecular forces
the forces of attraction between molecules are known as ______ _____.
dipole-dipole forces
the forces of attraction between polar molecules are known as _________.
Hydrogen bonding
the intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule is known as _______.
molecular polarity
the polarity of each bond, along with the geometry of a molecule determines _____ _______.
polar molecules
the strongest intermolecular forces exist between _____ _____.
london dispersion forces
which are the intermolecular forces that can act between non-polar molecules?
