Clinical final ch. 3

Research indicates that relaxation training is _______ no treatment or phobias treatment in cases of generalized anxiety disorder

More effective than

Maura believes that it is a dire necessity for her to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way she wants them. She is displaying basic

basic irrational assumptions

A patient complains of a phobia. Two lines of questioning by the clinician concern the specific object of the phobia and what the person does when he or she confronts that object. The clinician's orientation is probably

behavioral

Devon is being treated for anxiety. He is connected to an instrument that records muscle tension. His job is to try and reduce muscle tension. This is an example of

biofeedback

"Everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts. Most people ignore them. But some people blame themselves and expect terrible consequences, so they act in ways they hope will neutralize the thoughts." The type of theorist MOST likely to agree with this quote would be a

cognitive theorist

A number of studies suggest that more than _______% of patients actually seem to get worse because of therapy

5 to 10

The original MMPI consists of over ______ self-statements that make up 10 clinical scales

500

Which is MOST important to a client in terms of how a therapist works with them?

"My therapist appreciates how I think"

There are more than __ intelligence tests available

100

Surveys indicate that around ______% of people in the US and other Western countries develop social anxiety in their lifetimes

13

In the US, ______% of people qualify for 3+ diagnoses during their lives

17.3

Women with specific phobias outnumber men by at least:

2 to 1

The most recent DSM was published in:

2022

More than ______% of all people have had one or more panic attacks during their lives

25

Close to ______% of all people develop generalized anxiety disorder sometime during their lives

6

What percent of those with social anxiety disorder are women?

60

Which of the following would be considered institutional discrimination?

A hiring bias toward White people

A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has started experiencing extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed with

Agoraphobia and panic disorder

Which model does NOT particularly care about obsessions and believes that compulsions develop through random association?

Behavioral

Which evidence-based treatment is considered highly effective for phobias?

Behavioral Therapy

Exposure treatments include all the following EXCEPT:

Biofeedback

Which of the following is typical of PTSD?

Increased arousal, negative emotions and guilt

According to our in-class discussion, the company Neurocore is probably strongest with respect to which of the following elements of the CRAAP test?

Currency

The technique that uses xrays of the brain taken at different angles to create a static picture of the structure of the brain is called

CAT scan

In the face of fear, a person is unable to concentrate and develops view of the world. This person is showing which fear response?

Cognitive

Teaching people to accept their worries and live in the present moment - mindfulness therapy - is MOST consistent with which theoretical approach?

Cognitive

"Thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by various forms of conditioning." The orientation of the author of this quote is MOST likely

Cognitive-behavioral

Most countries outside the US use what classification system for mental disorders

International classification of diseases

Which of these is an argument for doing away with diagnoses

Diagnostic labels can be self-fulfilling prophecies.

The MOST common theme that runs through the thoughts of people troubled by obsessive thinking appears to be:

Dirt or contamination

The MOST widely applied method of biofeedback for the treatment of anxiety uses a device called an:

EMG

A student who dreads being called on in class, and in fact panics at the thought of public speaking is experiencing an _______ response to stress

Emotional

Which of the following is NOT a myth about implicit bias?

Every single person has implicit biases

An obsessive-compulsion person who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and not to vacuum for a week would be experiencing what therapy procedures?

Exposure and response prevention

Operation Definition

How you define what you are measuring

For the latest Alzheimer's research study, associates of the project were trained to score the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale the same way for all the subtests in an effort to achieve:

Interrater Reliability

Race is not the only factor that can affect our experiences in the world, including the likelihood that we'll experience stress. Gender and class, among other characteristics, interact with race. This phenomenon is called

Intersectionality

Who developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behavior in 1883?

Kraepelin

Among the following, the test with the highest validity in identifying psychological disturbances is the

Minnesota Multiphase Personality Test

This neuroimaging technique provides a computer-produced motion picture of chemical activity throughout the brain

PET scan

Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normal?

Parasympathetic nervous system

In an in-class demonstration, we examined the ways n which hyperventilation can mimic anxiety symptoms. Then we demonstrated the effects of which of the following interventions for these symptoms?

Relaxation and breathing training

An institutionalized individual behaving abnormally says "the doctor claims I'm schizophrenic! How else would you expect me to act?" The individual's comments reflect:

Self-fulfilling prophecy

After Marie's plane crashed, her mother came to stay while Marie recovered. Her friends visited often and went to lunch and dinner with her occasionally. This situation probably contributed to Marie's coping ability after the accident. How does this relate as a factor in her response to stress?

Social support

If a deer jumps in front of your car while you are driving, which part of the stress response is active?

Sympathetic nervous system

_________ is a behavioral treatment that uses relaxation training and a fear of hierarchy to help clients with phobias react calmly to the objects or situations they dread

Systematic desensitization

Which type of projective test involves people making up dramatic stories about 30 black-and-white individuals in vague situations?

The Thematic Apperception Test

In the film Stress: Portrait of a Killer, researcher Robert Saplsky found that stress hormones and the negative physical effects of stress hormones were likely to be highest in which of the following?

The lowest-ranking baboon

A student who is quiet in class might be the life of the party on the weekend. Clinical observation of that student in class would lack

Validity

What is one thing that we can do to reduce implicit biases?

We can seek out contact with people from other groups

We know that growing up in a neighborhood that is lower in socioeconomic status can be very stressful. In our discussion on race, we learned that a major reason that Black people are more likely than White people to live in lower SES neighborhoods is because of

a history of racial segregation with respect to housing

A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called

acute stress disorder

Panic disorder is often accompanied by

agoraphobia

Racial discrimination is more stressful when it is

ambiguous than when it is obvious

As discussed in class, Rap Genius's metric, rhyme density, is just one example of _______ the best rapper

an operational definition

These are medications that seem to provide the most relief from the symptoms of social anxiety disorder

antidepressants

Rodney has a fear of open spaces. His therapist is working with him and using the therapy that seems to be MOST effective for treating phobias. Which type of therapy are they using?

cognitive-behavioral

When Marianela was a young child watching tv with her mother, a mouse ran by. Her mother screamed, scaring her. Subsequently, she has been afraid of mice. In this example, the mouse is the _______ after it causes Marianela to become frightened

conditioned stimulus

In class we discussed the racial discrimination can lead to psychological disorders, suicidal ideation and other psychological issues because of all the reasons EXCEPT

cultural norms that encourage avoidance of evidence-based medicine

People who have a biological vulnerability for anxiety that is brought to the surface by a social/psychological factors develop generalized anxiety disorders, according to the:

diathesis-stress model

The DSM-5 requires the use of both ________ information and categorical information as part of the diagnosis

dimensional

In order to help clinicians become more familiar with and apply research findings, there is an ever-growing movement in the United States, the United Kingdom, and other parts of the world toward _____ treatment.

empirically supported

In the film Stress: Portrait of a Killer, researchers found out that, in both humans and non-human primates, chronic stress is associated with

excess fat in the abdomen

We watched several brief videos that documented Ra'Chelle's specific phobia - her fear of cats. Her treatment included all the following except

flooding

Compared to projective tests, personality inventories generally have

greater reliability and greater validity

In the DSM-5, each of the following has been assigned as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder EXCEPT ________ disorder

impulse-control

The assessment instrument MOST likely to be used to detect subtle brain abnormalities is the

neuropsychological test

Investigators have shown that traumatic events are related to abnormal activity of the neurotransmitter

norepinephrine

A clinician has developed a test that requires test-takers to tell stories about a series of pictures of city skylines, MOST likely, this new test is a

projective test

A professor's office is a mess; graded tests are in piles on the desk, overflowing bookshelves line the walls and research materials from years ago occupy boxes on the floor where there is only a narrow pathway to walk. If the professor is experiencing a diagnosable disorder, it would MOST likely be

obsessive-compulsive-related disorders

Stress proliferation processes occur when

one stressor, like getting divorced, leads to another stressor, like financial problems

Jill has been experiencing recurring periods of shortness of breath, sweating, trembling, faintness and a feeling of unreality for over a month. She may be suffering from:

panic attacks

A researcher finds that individuals who report large numbers of "hassles" in their lives usually also report higher levels of stress. Those who report fewer "hassles" generally report lower levels of stress. The correlation between number of hassles and stress level is

positive

A psychiatrist that primarily prescribes medication is a

psychopharmacologist

Dr Ross and Dr Carman agree the Suzette is suffering from panic disorder. Their judgement is said to have

reliability

A client reports having infrequent, but extremely disturbing, tactile hallucinations, MOST useful way to gather information about this person would involve

self-monitoring

Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to fuel humiliated. As a result, he makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would probably be:

social anxiety disorder

"Who wouldn't be afraid all the time? We have the bomb, overpopulation, AIDS and violent crimes everywhere. It is difficult to get a good job unless you understand all that complicated computer junk." This complaint is consistent with a _______ explanation of generalized anxiety disorder

sociocultural

Sal is suffering from arachnophobia. His therapist first has him go through relaxation training and then has him construct a fear hierarchy. Finally, the therapist has him go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called

systematic desensitization