Clinical final ch. 3
Research indicates that relaxation training is _______ no treatment or phobias treatment in cases of generalized anxiety disorder
More effective than
Maura believes that it is a dire necessity for her to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way she wants them. She is displaying basic
basic irrational assumptions
A patient complains of a phobia. Two lines of questioning by the clinician concern the specific object of the phobia and what the person does when he or she confronts that object. The clinician's orientation is probably
behavioral
Devon is being treated for anxiety. He is connected to an instrument that records muscle tension. His job is to try and reduce muscle tension. This is an example of
biofeedback
"Everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts. Most people ignore them. But some people blame themselves and expect terrible consequences, so they act in ways they hope will neutralize the thoughts." The type of theorist MOST likely to agree with this quote would be a
cognitive theorist
A number of studies suggest that more than _______% of patients actually seem to get worse because of therapy
5 to 10
The original MMPI consists of over ______ self-statements that make up 10 clinical scales
500
Which is MOST important to a client in terms of how a therapist works with them?
"My therapist appreciates how I think"
There are more than __ intelligence tests available
100
Surveys indicate that around ______% of people in the US and other Western countries develop social anxiety in their lifetimes
13
In the US, ______% of people qualify for 3+ diagnoses during their lives
17.3
Women with specific phobias outnumber men by at least:
2 to 1
The most recent DSM was published in:
2022
More than ______% of all people have had one or more panic attacks during their lives
25
Close to ______% of all people develop generalized anxiety disorder sometime during their lives
6
What percent of those with social anxiety disorder are women?
60
Which of the following would be considered institutional discrimination?
A hiring bias toward White people
A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has started experiencing extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed with
Agoraphobia and panic disorder
Which model does NOT particularly care about obsessions and believes that compulsions develop through random association?
Behavioral
Which evidence-based treatment is considered highly effective for phobias?
Behavioral Therapy
Exposure treatments include all the following EXCEPT:
Biofeedback
Which of the following is typical of PTSD?
Increased arousal, negative emotions and guilt
According to our in-class discussion, the company Neurocore is probably strongest with respect to which of the following elements of the CRAAP test?
Currency
The technique that uses xrays of the brain taken at different angles to create a static picture of the structure of the brain is called
CAT scan
In the face of fear, a person is unable to concentrate and develops view of the world. This person is showing which fear response?
Cognitive
Teaching people to accept their worries and live in the present moment - mindfulness therapy - is MOST consistent with which theoretical approach?
Cognitive
"Thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by various forms of conditioning." The orientation of the author of this quote is MOST likely
Cognitive-behavioral
Most countries outside the US use what classification system for mental disorders
International classification of diseases
Which of these is an argument for doing away with diagnoses
Diagnostic labels can be self-fulfilling prophecies.
The MOST common theme that runs through the thoughts of people troubled by obsessive thinking appears to be:
Dirt or contamination
The MOST widely applied method of biofeedback for the treatment of anxiety uses a device called an:
EMG
A student who dreads being called on in class, and in fact panics at the thought of public speaking is experiencing an _______ response to stress
Emotional
Which of the following is NOT a myth about implicit bias?
Every single person has implicit biases
An obsessive-compulsion person who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and not to vacuum for a week would be experiencing what therapy procedures?
Exposure and response prevention
Operation Definition
How you define what you are measuring
For the latest Alzheimer's research study, associates of the project were trained to score the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale the same way for all the subtests in an effort to achieve:
Interrater Reliability
Race is not the only factor that can affect our experiences in the world, including the likelihood that we'll experience stress. Gender and class, among other characteristics, interact with race. This phenomenon is called
Intersectionality
Who developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behavior in 1883?
Kraepelin
Among the following, the test with the highest validity in identifying psychological disturbances is the
Minnesota Multiphase Personality Test
This neuroimaging technique provides a computer-produced motion picture of chemical activity throughout the brain
PET scan
Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normal?
Parasympathetic nervous system
In an in-class demonstration, we examined the ways n which hyperventilation can mimic anxiety symptoms. Then we demonstrated the effects of which of the following interventions for these symptoms?
Relaxation and breathing training
An institutionalized individual behaving abnormally says "the doctor claims I'm schizophrenic! How else would you expect me to act?" The individual's comments reflect:
Self-fulfilling prophecy
After Marie's plane crashed, her mother came to stay while Marie recovered. Her friends visited often and went to lunch and dinner with her occasionally. This situation probably contributed to Marie's coping ability after the accident. How does this relate as a factor in her response to stress?
Social support
If a deer jumps in front of your car while you are driving, which part of the stress response is active?
Sympathetic nervous system
_________ is a behavioral treatment that uses relaxation training and a fear of hierarchy to help clients with phobias react calmly to the objects or situations they dread
Systematic desensitization
Which type of projective test involves people making up dramatic stories about 30 black-and-white individuals in vague situations?
The Thematic Apperception Test
In the film Stress: Portrait of a Killer, researcher Robert Saplsky found that stress hormones and the negative physical effects of stress hormones were likely to be highest in which of the following?
The lowest-ranking baboon
A student who is quiet in class might be the life of the party on the weekend. Clinical observation of that student in class would lack
Validity
What is one thing that we can do to reduce implicit biases?
We can seek out contact with people from other groups
We know that growing up in a neighborhood that is lower in socioeconomic status can be very stressful. In our discussion on race, we learned that a major reason that Black people are more likely than White people to live in lower SES neighborhoods is because of
a history of racial segregation with respect to housing
A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called
acute stress disorder
Panic disorder is often accompanied by
agoraphobia
Racial discrimination is more stressful when it is
ambiguous than when it is obvious
As discussed in class, Rap Genius's metric, rhyme density, is just one example of _______ the best rapper
an operational definition
These are medications that seem to provide the most relief from the symptoms of social anxiety disorder
antidepressants
Rodney has a fear of open spaces. His therapist is working with him and using the therapy that seems to be MOST effective for treating phobias. Which type of therapy are they using?
cognitive-behavioral
When Marianela was a young child watching tv with her mother, a mouse ran by. Her mother screamed, scaring her. Subsequently, she has been afraid of mice. In this example, the mouse is the _______ after it causes Marianela to become frightened
conditioned stimulus
In class we discussed the racial discrimination can lead to psychological disorders, suicidal ideation and other psychological issues because of all the reasons EXCEPT
cultural norms that encourage avoidance of evidence-based medicine
People who have a biological vulnerability for anxiety that is brought to the surface by a social/psychological factors develop generalized anxiety disorders, according to the:
diathesis-stress model
The DSM-5 requires the use of both ________ information and categorical information as part of the diagnosis
dimensional
In order to help clinicians become more familiar with and apply research findings, there is an ever-growing movement in the United States, the United Kingdom, and other parts of the world toward _____ treatment.
empirically supported
In the film Stress: Portrait of a Killer, researchers found out that, in both humans and non-human primates, chronic stress is associated with
excess fat in the abdomen
We watched several brief videos that documented Ra'Chelle's specific phobia - her fear of cats. Her treatment included all the following except
flooding
Compared to projective tests, personality inventories generally have
greater reliability and greater validity
In the DSM-5, each of the following has been assigned as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder EXCEPT ________ disorder
impulse-control
The assessment instrument MOST likely to be used to detect subtle brain abnormalities is the
neuropsychological test
Investigators have shown that traumatic events are related to abnormal activity of the neurotransmitter
norepinephrine
A clinician has developed a test that requires test-takers to tell stories about a series of pictures of city skylines, MOST likely, this new test is a
projective test
A professor's office is a mess; graded tests are in piles on the desk, overflowing bookshelves line the walls and research materials from years ago occupy boxes on the floor where there is only a narrow pathway to walk. If the professor is experiencing a diagnosable disorder, it would MOST likely be
obsessive-compulsive-related disorders
Stress proliferation processes occur when
one stressor, like getting divorced, leads to another stressor, like financial problems
Jill has been experiencing recurring periods of shortness of breath, sweating, trembling, faintness and a feeling of unreality for over a month. She may be suffering from:
panic attacks
A researcher finds that individuals who report large numbers of "hassles" in their lives usually also report higher levels of stress. Those who report fewer "hassles" generally report lower levels of stress. The correlation between number of hassles and stress level is
positive
A psychiatrist that primarily prescribes medication is a
psychopharmacologist
Dr Ross and Dr Carman agree the Suzette is suffering from panic disorder. Their judgement is said to have
reliability
A client reports having infrequent, but extremely disturbing, tactile hallucinations, MOST useful way to gather information about this person would involve
self-monitoring
Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to fuel humiliated. As a result, he makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would probably be:
social anxiety disorder
"Who wouldn't be afraid all the time? We have the bomb, overpopulation, AIDS and violent crimes everywhere. It is difficult to get a good job unless you understand all that complicated computer junk." This complaint is consistent with a _______ explanation of generalized anxiety disorder
sociocultural
Sal is suffering from arachnophobia. His therapist first has him go through relaxation training and then has him construct a fear hierarchy. Finally, the therapist has him go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called
systematic desensitization