Cloud App Development - Cloud Databases

*A key/value store is essentially a small hash table. * A. True B. False

*False* A key/value store is essentially a large hash table.

*A mobile app cannot make REST calls to the web server.* A. True B. False

*False* A mobile app can make REST calls to the web server.

*A single key/value store cannot be scalable, as the data store cannot distribute data across multiple nodes on separate machines.* A. True B. False

*False* A single key/value store can be extremely scalable, as the data store can easily distribute data across multiple nodes on separate machines.

*Cloud Datastore is provided by Amazon.* A. True B. False

*False* Cloud Datastore is provided by GCP.

*DBaaS can substantially increase operational costs and perform well while.* A. True B. False

*False* DBaaS can substantially reduce operational costs and perform well while.

*Document databases, like key/value datastores, the fields in documents are exposed to the storage management system, enabling an application to query and filter data by using the values in these fields.* A. True B. False

*False* Document databases, unlike key/value datastores, the fields in documents are exposed to the storage management system, enabling an application to query and filter data by using the values in these fields.

*Dyanamo DB and SimpleDB are provided by Google* A. True B. False

*False* Dyanamo DB and SimpleDB are provided by Amazon

*Firebase, FireStore and Realm databases do not provide an API for iOS, Android . The developer has to make his own REST API.* A. True B. False

*False* Firebase, FireStore or Realm databases provide an API for iOS, Android etc. The developer uses API methods and events to sync local and cloud data.

*Amazon provides BigTable* A. True B. False

*False* Google Cloud Platform (GCP) provides BigTable

*In document databases, JSON document support makes it harder for Developers to serialize and load objects containing relevant properties and data* A. True B. False

*False* In document databases, JSON document support makes it easier for Developers to serialize and load objects containing relevant properties and data

*MongoDB is one of the most popular key value datastore* A. True B. False

*False* MongoDB is one of the most popular document databases

*Most key/value stores only support simple query, insert, update and delete operations.* A. True B. False

*False* Most key/value stores only support simple query, insert, and delete operations. To modify a value (either partially or completely), an application must overwrite the existing data for the entire value.

*Building your own DB does not require you to be skilled in managing database systems and configuring them.* A. True B. False

*False* One disadvantage to building your own DB is that you must be skilled in managing database systems and configuring them

*REST API for a cloud database cannot be developed using HTTP methods* A. True B. False

*False* REST API for cloud database is developed using HTTP methods - GET, POST, PUT and DELETE

*Relational databases are no longer provided by all major cloud service companies due to their disadvantages.* A. True B. False

*False* Relational databases are provided by all major cloud service companies

*The REST API must not be mapped to database CRUD operations* A. True B. False

*False* The REST API must be mapped to database CRUD operations

*Values are visible to the KV database - they can retrieve by attributes. Values are stored as blobs on many KV databases.* A. True B. False

*False* Values are opaque to the database - they cannot be retrieved by attributes. Values are stored as blobs on many KV databases.

*When using Firebase and other cloud databases, REST API is needed. The applications code cannot directly call the Firebase database.* A. True B. False

*False* When using Firebase and other cloud databases REST API is not needed at all. The applications code can directly call the Firebase database.

*Even with a DBaaS model, application developers have to install and maintain the database themselves. * A. True B. False

*False* With a DBaaS model, application developers do not have to install and maintain the database themselves.

*With a DBaaS, the application developers should be database experts, and they should hire a database administrator (DBA) to maintain the database.* A. True B. False

*False* With a DBaaS, the application developers should not need to be database experts, nor should they have to hire a database administrator (DBA) to maintain the database.

*When using databases such as MongoDB or some relational database in the cloud, developers do not need to use REST API.* A. True B. False

*False* when using databases such as MongoDB or some relational database in the cloud developers then need to design and build a REST API using server side frameworks such as express.js.

List 3 services that a DBaaS provides.

1- A shared, consolidated platform on which to provision database services. 2- A self-service model for provisioning DB resources, which is provided as a web-based UI. 3- Elasticity to scale out and scale back DB resources, and it can be configured by the user. 4- Charges based on DB usage.

List 3 database engines provided by Amazon RDS.

1- Amazon Aurora 2- Oracle 3- MS SQL Server 3- MySQL 4- PostgreSQL 5- MariaDB

List 3 relational database services provided by Azure.

1- Azure SQL Database 2- Azure Database for MySQL 3- Azure Database for PostgreSQL

List 2 relational database services provided by Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

1- CloudSQL 2- CloudSpanner

*What are the names of the DBs?* Cloud database native API for syncing is mostly done when using mobile databases in the cloud such as ______, ______ and ______

1- Firebase 2- FireStore 3- Realm

List 2 disadvantages of a relational database.

1- Fixed schema and table structures do not lend themselves to scaling out by distributing storage and processing across machines. 2- Another problem is doing joins on large datasets from different tables.

List 3 common features provided by key value cloud databases.

1- Fully managed by the cloud provider 2- Sparse data model 3- Sharding - automatic and manual 4- Low latency for database operations 5- Replication - on a global scale 6- Autoscaling 7- Eventual consistency as the consistency model 8- APIs for many programming languages

List 3 types of NoSQL databases.

1- In-memory databases. 2- Graph databases 3- Column oriented database

List 2 types of databases that are most commonly available from all the big cloud providers such as Google, AWS, Azure, and IBM.

1- Relational databases. 2- NoSQL OR Non-Relational Databases.

There are two ways to sync local and cloud databases. What are they?

1- Syncing using listeners, callbacks and event handlers. 2- Using the cloud database native API for syncing.

List 3 common features provided by relational cloud databases.

1- They are fully managed - developers do not install or configure them. 2- Provide familiar RDBMS features - ACID compliance, transactions, SQL 3- Multiple language interfaces provided - APIs for all common programming languages. 4- Developers must use these APIs to develop a REST API by using these database layer API together with the web application layer. 5- Scalability 6- High Availability

*Give the name of the 2 providers* ______ and ______ are DBaaS providers exclusively providing fully managed MongoDB databases in the cloud.

1- mLab 2- Atlas

*Developer can choose to use a VM with a database and web server already configured and installed. Most cloud services provide many preconfigured VM images that come with n OS, web server, programming language platform and a database system. Example include ______ images on AWS marketplace and various Linux based images on GCP.* A. AMI B. BMI C. CMI D. DMI

Amazon Machine Images (AMI)

*A RDBMS typically implements a transactionally consistent mechanism that conforms to the ______ model for updating information.* A. ACID B. BCID C. CCID D. DCID

Atomic, Consistent, Isolated, Durable (ACID)

*______ structure is similar to MongoDB. It uses collections which have documents inside them. * A. Google Cloud Datastore B. BigTable C. FireBase D. Cloud FireStore

Cloud FireStore

*______ is a database that typically runs on a cloud computing platform.* A. Cloud database B. Compute database C. Platform database D. Typical database

Cloud database

*______ is fully-managed database service that makes it easy to set up, maintain, manage, and administer relational PostgreSQL and MySQL databases in the cloud. It offers high performance, scalability, and convenience. 99.95% availability.* A. CloudSQL B. CloudSpanner

CloudSQL

*______ is a globally-distributed, and strongly consistent database service built for the cloud specifically to combine the benefits of relational database structure with non-relational horizontal scale.* A. CloudSQL B. CloudSpanner C. Amazon Aurora D. Oracle

CloudSpanner

*______ provides high-performance transactions and strong consistency across rows, regions, and continents with an industry-leading 99.999% availability SLA, no planned downtime, and enterprise-grade security. * A. CloudSQL B. CloudSpanner

CloudSpanner

*Azure provides Table API and Azure Table Storage on its Azure ______ multi model and globally distributed database service.* A. BigTable B. NoSQL C. KV DB D. CosmosDB

CosmosDB

*Access to the cloud database is provided as a service. These services are called ______* A. Cloud as a service (CaaS) B. Database as a service (DBaaS) C. Access as a service (Aaas) D. Datastore as a service (DSaaS)

Database as a service (DBaaS)

*A document database, also known as a ______ database, is designed to store semi-structured data as documents, typically in JSON, BSON, YAML or XML format.* A. Document-oriented B. Semi-structure-oreinted C. JBSON-oriented D. XML-oreinted

Document-oriented

*The mapping between REST and the CRUD database operation is done through routes in ______ web app.* A. Bodyparser B. Express.js C. Mongodb D. Cors

Express.js

*______ is a real-time database for mobile apps. Data is stored in tree type structure.* A. Google Cloud Datastore B. BigTable C. FireBase D. Cloud FireStore

FireBase

*Each data value with a unique key, and the key/value store uses this key to store the data by using an appropriate hashing function.* A. Relational Databases B. NoSQL AKA Non-Relational Databases

NoSQL AKA Non-Relational Databases

*Which of the following uses Document databases?* A. Relational Databases B. NoSQL AKA Non-Relational Databases

NoSQL AKA Non-Relational Databases

*Which of the following uses Key/Value stores?* A. Relational Databases B. NoSQL AKA Non-Relational Databases

NoSQL AKA Non-Relational Databases

*A customer and his orders are stored in the same document instead of being spread into separate table* A. Relational database B. Non-relation DB AKA NoSQL

Non-relation DB AKA NoSQL

*The stored values are ______ to the storage system software. Values are blobs and the key/value store simply retrieves or stores the value by key. Values are interpreted only in the application code.* A. Visible B. Transparent C. Obvious D. Opaque

Opaque

*Oracle offer Oracle ______ as its Key Value datastore* A. BigTable B. NoSQL C. KV DB D. CosmosDB

Oracle NoSQL

*Each row in a table could be marked with a unique identifier called a ______, and rows among multiple tables can be made related using ______.* A. Foreign key, Candidate keys B. Candidate key, Foreign keys C. Foreign key, Primary keys D. Primary key, Foreign keys

Primary key, Foreign keys

*Cloud services provide ______ guarantees according to the ______ that may require limiting databases to a certain number of connections or a peak level of CPU utilization, or some other criteria. When this criterion is exceeded, the DBaaS might automatically add a new database instance to share the load.* A. Quality of service (QoS), Price B. Service, Price C. Quality of service (QoS), Service level agreement (SLA) D. Commercial, Price

Quality of service (QoS), Service level agreement (SLA)

*Fixed table structure is defined ahead of time, and all read or write operations must use the schema.* A. Relational Databases B. NoSQL AKA Non-Relational Databases

Relational Databases

*Which of the following is mostly used to store structured data?* A. Relational Databases B. NoSQL AKA Non-Relational Databases

Relational Databases

*Which of the following uses tables and fixed schema, and SQL for data access and manipulation?* A. Relational Databases B. Non-Relational Databases

Relational Databases

*______ organize data as a series of two-dimensional tables with rows and columns. Each table has its own columns, and every row in a table has the same set of columns.* A. Relational Databases B. NoSQL AKA Non-Relational Databases

Relational Databases

*Since BigTable is a Key-Value database a single value in each row is indexed; this value is known as the ______. * A. Primary key B. Secondary key C. Column key D. Row key

Row key

*Many of KV databases provide ______ - allowing different key value pairs to be stored in different server nodes in order to reduce the load.* A. Spreading B. Sharding C. Sharing D. Skimming

Sharding

What is the advantage of a relational database?

Strong consistency guarantees.

*Relational databases use ______ for retrieving and managing data.* A. Structured Query Language (SQL) B. NoSQL C. YesSQL D. Table Querty Language (TQL)

Structured Query Language (SQL)

*The developer adds a listener to the web page or app's code to call an event handler when there is network connectivity. In the event handler data is transferred to the cloud database using REST API or the native API of the cloud database.* A. Syncing using listeners, callbacks and event handlers. B. Using the cloud database native API for syncing.

Syncing using listeners, callbacks and event handlers.

*The developer needs to write code to check if the user is offline and if the user is offline the data is stored in local storage of the browser or the app.* A. Syncing using listeners, callbacks and event handlers. B. Using the cloud database native API for syncing.

Syncing using listeners, callbacks and event handlers.

*The same event handler also can also be used to update the data in the web page or the app by making a call to retrieve the data.* A. Syncing using listeners, callbacks and event handlers. B. Using the cloud database native API for syncing.

Syncing using listeners, callbacks and event handlers.

*To be used when the cloud database native APIs are not used or apps use only the REST API* A. Syncing using listeners, callbacks and event handlers. B. Using the cloud database native API for syncing.

Syncing using listeners, callbacks and event handlers.

*Application and cloud database architecture based on REST, is based on the classic 3 - tier architecture divided into three tiers - cloud database tier, (web) application tier running node.js or similar and client tier (web UI or mobile app).* A. True B. False

True

*Azure Cosmos provides MongoDB API* A. True B. False

True

*Cloud Bigtable is ideal for storing very large amounts of single-keyed data with very low latency. * A. True B. False

True

*Cloud document databases allow developers to build applications using serverless architecture - an architecture where developers do not use server just services for database and application middleware such as node.js/Java/PHP/Python* A. True B. False

True

*Cloud providers provide different types of databases for cloud consumers* A. True B. False

True

*Document databases, unlike traditional relational databases, the schema for each non-relational (NoSQL) document can vary, giving developers and database administrators, flexibility in organizing and storing application data and reducing storage required for optional values.* A. True B. False

True

*For certain applications with a limited user base, developers may not need to use a DBaaS.* A. True B. False

True

*In KV datastore, data is only queried, inserted or deleted using keys.* A. True B. False

True

*In a scenario where the developer has a limited user base, they can install a database system on their cloud VM together with their web application.* A. True B. False

True

*In document databases, typically, a document contains the entire data for an entity. What items constitute an entity are application specific. * A. True B. False

True

*It is possible to map the CRUD operations to different routes using only GET. * A. True B. False

True

*Key/value stores are highly optimized for applications performing simple lookups. They not optimized for scenarios where querying by value is important since they can only look-up keys.* A. True B. False

True

*Many cloud databases nowadays do not need a REST API since cloud databases now supports all server-side programming languages and client side JavaScript. * A. True B. False

True

*MongoDB and similar document databases are available on all cloud platforms. These databases are fully managed by the cloud provider.* A. True B. False

True

*Since REST is based on HTTP, the HTTP methods of GET, POST, PUT and DELETE are usually mapped to the CRUD database operations.* A. True B. False

True

*Sorting or taking out a subset of the data from the KV datastore is done by the programs that access the data* A. True B. False

True

*The database service provider takes responsibility for installing and maintaining the database, and application owners are charged according to their usage of the service.* A. True B. False

True

*The hashing function in a key/value datastore is selected to provide an even distribution of hashed keys across the data storage.* A. True B. False

True

*The mobile and web applications use REST API for CRUD operations only* A. True B. False

True

*To handle scenarios where a new database instance is added to share the load, all cloud providers have automated the process of creation and configuration of database instances.* A. True B. False

True

*Using the APIs provided by the cloud provider, the app can call the cloud DB directly, without the need for a REST API. But, a disadvantage for the developer is having to learn another API.* A. True B. False

True

*Websites and mobile applications are clients which invoke the REST API through the HTPP methods GET, POST, PUT and DELETE, the code for this functions in your express.js then calls database functions to retrieve, insert, update or delete the data from the cloud database.* A. True B. False

True

*Firebase API can update using ______ and ______ event handlers.* A. child_added, child_removed B. kid_added, kid_remove C. child_added, child_deleted D. kid_added, kid_deleted

child_added, child_removed

*What will the following route do?* POST /items

create a new item in the database

*What will the following route do?* DELETE /items/:item_name

delete an item

*What will the following route do?* GET /items

get all Items in the database

*What will the following route do?* GET /fruits

get all fruits

*What will the following route do?* GET /items/:category

get all items by category

*What will the following route do?* GET /items/:item_id

get an item by id

*What will the following route do?* GET /items/:item_name

get an item by name

*What will the following route do?* PUT /items/:item_name

update an item