CNS and ANS Practice Quizes

Olanzapine is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and the acute phase of __________ disorder.

BIPOLAR I

Epinephrine is mainly used in children for treatment of __________ due to asthma or allergic reactions.

BRONCHOSPASM

The prototype drug of the xanthine class is __________.

CAFFEINE

__________ of most antidepressants may take 6 to 8 weeks to avoid antidepressant discontinuation syndrome.

DISCONTINUATION

The correct balance of __________ and acetylcholine is important in regulating posture, muscle tone, and voluntary movement.

DOPAMINE

Methylphenidate is a __________ II drug.

SCHEDULE

Treatment of anticholinesterase overdose may require diazepam or lorazepam to control __________.

SEIZURES

Agranulocytosis associated with clozapine usually occurs during the first __________ months of therapy.

SIX

Clients should take the last dose of the day of methylphenidate at least __________ hours before bedtime.

SIX

The __________ nervous system innervates skeletal muscles and controls voluntary movement.

SOMATIC

Children, adolescents, and young adults are at increased risk for __________ ideation when taking antidepressant medications.

SUICIDAL

The most frequently affected muscles in myasthenia gravis include those that control eye and eyelid movement, facial expression, and __________.

SWALLOWING

Parenteral epinephrine should be used with caution in infants and children, because __________ has occurred with use in asthmatic children.

SYNCOPE

Rotigotine is the first __________ system to treat early idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

TRANSDERMAL

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in adults. True/False

TRUE

Amphetamines have black box warnings identifying their high risk for abuse and dependence. True/False

TRUE

Anticholinesterase agents do not reverse the neuromuscular blockade produced by depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. True/False

TRUE

Antidepressants have a delayed therapeutic response of approximately 2 to 4 weeks. True/False

TRUE

Atomoxetine has a low risk for abuse and dependence. True/False

TRUE

Dextroamphetamine will increase appetite and mental alertness. True/False

TRUE

Drugs that increase dopamine levels in the brain can cause signs and symptoms of psychosis. True/False

TRUE

Edrophonium is a long-acting cholinergic drug used to diagnose myasthenia gravis. True/False

TRUE

Epinephrine is the drug of choice for the treatment of anaphylaxis. True/False

TRUE

In order to obtain an accurate diagnosis of narcolepsy, sleep studies must be done. True/False

TRUE

Liver disease is not usually considered a contraindication to administering adrenergic drugs. True/False

TRUE

One of the most common uses of atropine is treatment of bradycardia. True/False

TRUE

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and paranoia. True/False

TRUE

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) promotes the breakdown of levodopa, reducing its effectiveness. True/False

TRUE

Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are first-line therapies for both depression and anxiety. True/False

TRUE

Serotonin syndrome is a serious and sometimes fatal reaction characterized by hypertensive crisis, hyperpyrexia, and extreme agitation progressing to delirium and coma. True/False

TRUE

Tardive dyskinesia is an early extrapyramidal effect associated with all phenothiazines True/False

TRUE

The adrenal medulla is the area of the brain where most of norepinephrine is converted to epinephrine. True/False

TRUE

The first symptoms of Parkinson's disease are often resting tremors that begin in the fingers and thumb of one hand (pill-rolling movements). True/False

TRUE

The serotonergic system in the brain has an inhibitory effect. True/False

TRUE

Flumazenil is an antidote that reverses toxicity of benzodiazepines. True/False

True

GABA is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord. True/False

True

Small doses of hypnotic medications can have an anxiolytic effect. True/False

True

Approximately 75% of parasympathetic nerve fibers are in the _________ nerves.

VAGUS

Phenylephrine is a synthetic drug that acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors to produce __________.

VASOCONSTRICTION

Zolpidem should be given with caution to clients with signs and symptoms of __________ because of increased risk of intentional overdose.

abuse

Neostigmine is used to increase __________ accumulation in nerve synapses.

ACETYLCHOLINE

__________, manifested by motor restlessness and inability to sit still, usually occurs in the first few months of treatment with antipsychotics.

AKATHISIA

__________ are a class of drugs that produce mood elevation or euphoria.

AMPHETAMINES

Centrally acting __________ drugs are useful in treating drug-induced parkinsonism.

ANTICHOLINERGIC

Atropine blocks the effects of acetylcholine at the __________ cholinergic receptors.

MUSCARINIC

TCA may be used in children and adolescents in the management of __________.

ENURESIS AND ADHD

The main neurotransmitters of the ANS are __________ and norepinephrine.

EPINEPHRINE

Adrenergic drugs produce effects similar to those produced by stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. True/False

FALSE

An effect of the sympathetic nervous system I to decrease blood glucose. True/False

FALSE

Efferent neurons carry sensory input from the periphery to the CNS. True/False

FALSE

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia respond to drug therapy more readily than positive symptoms. True/False

FALSE

Pramipexole is only FDA approved for the late stages of Parkinson's disease. True/False

FALSE

Rivastigmine should always be taken on an empty stomach. True/False

FALSE

The parasympathetic nervous system is also called the fight-or-flight system. True/False

FALSE

A sodium excess causes more lithium to be reabsorbed and increases the risk of lithium toxicity. True/False

FALSE (Diuretics act by lowering water and sodium levels; this causes more reabsorption of lithium in the proximal tubules so that the removal of lithium from the body is less, leading to increased blood levels of lithium.)

The prototype amphetamine is amphetamine sulfate. True/False

FALSE (DEXROAMPHETAMINE)

Selegiline selectively inhibits monoamine oxidase, MAO-A. True/False

FALSE (MAO-B)

Sympathetic responses are regulated by acetylcholine. True/False

FALSE (NOREPINEPHRINE AND EPINEPHRINE)

When given systemically, phenylephrine produces reflex tachycardia. True/False

FALSE (bradycardia)

Symptoms of myasthenia gravis are sometimes treated with anticholinergic medications. True/False

FALSE (cholinergic)

Bipolar disorder type I is characterized by episodes of major depression plus hypomanic episodes. True/False

FALSE (this describes Bipolar type II)

The most important action of epinephrine during cardiac arrest is dilation of peripheral blood vessels. True/False

FALSE (vasoconstriction)

Alprazolam is well tolerated by most elderly clients. True/False

False

Sedative-hypnotic drugs should be taken every night to maintain effectiveness. True/False

False

__________ may be used as the initial drug for treating psychotic disorders or as a substitute in clients who are hypersensitive or refractory to phenothiazines.

HALOPERIDOL

St. John's wort is a(n) __________ that is widely self-prescribed for depression.

HERB

The main clinical manifestation of phenylephrine drug toxicity is severe __________.

HYPERTENSION

Memantine may cause __________ in people with diabetes.

HYPOGLYCEMIA

Ipratropium is a(n) __________ drug used to treat respiratory conditions.

INHALED

Adrenergic drugs are given __________ only for emergencies, such as cardiac arrest.

IV

Zaleplon is classified as a Schedule __________ medication.

IV

Carbidopa is used to decrease the __________ breakdown of levodopa and allow more of it to reach the brain.

METABOLIC

__________ have a high incidence of food and drug interactions, which potentially lead to hypertensive crisis.

MONAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS (MAOI)

Amphetamines are used predominantly in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and __________.

NARCOLEPSY

__________ are substances that bind to receptors in the autonomic nervous system.

NEUROTRANSMITTERS (ACETYLCHOLINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE)

___________ receptors are located in motor nerves and skeletal muscles.

NICOTINIC

Pyridostigmine is the __________ drug of choice for clients with myasthenia gravis.

PRIMARY

Eszopiclone is a nonbenzodiazepine that does not reduce ___________ awakenings.

night time

Benzodiazepines should be __________ rather than discontinued abruptly.

tapered down

Physical dependence on benzodiazepines is indicated by __________ symptoms when the drugs are stopped.

withdrawal