CNS and ANS Practice Quizes
Olanzapine is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and the acute phase of __________ disorder.
BIPOLAR I
Epinephrine is mainly used in children for treatment of __________ due to asthma or allergic reactions.
BRONCHOSPASM
The prototype drug of the xanthine class is __________.
CAFFEINE
__________ of most antidepressants may take 6 to 8 weeks to avoid antidepressant discontinuation syndrome.
DISCONTINUATION
The correct balance of __________ and acetylcholine is important in regulating posture, muscle tone, and voluntary movement.
DOPAMINE
Methylphenidate is a __________ II drug.
SCHEDULE
Treatment of anticholinesterase overdose may require diazepam or lorazepam to control __________.
SEIZURES
Agranulocytosis associated with clozapine usually occurs during the first __________ months of therapy.
SIX
Clients should take the last dose of the day of methylphenidate at least __________ hours before bedtime.
SIX
The __________ nervous system innervates skeletal muscles and controls voluntary movement.
SOMATIC
Children, adolescents, and young adults are at increased risk for __________ ideation when taking antidepressant medications.
SUICIDAL
The most frequently affected muscles in myasthenia gravis include those that control eye and eyelid movement, facial expression, and __________.
SWALLOWING
Parenteral epinephrine should be used with caution in infants and children, because __________ has occurred with use in asthmatic children.
SYNCOPE
Rotigotine is the first __________ system to treat early idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
TRANSDERMAL
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in adults. True/False
TRUE
Amphetamines have black box warnings identifying their high risk for abuse and dependence. True/False
TRUE
Anticholinesterase agents do not reverse the neuromuscular blockade produced by depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. True/False
TRUE
Antidepressants have a delayed therapeutic response of approximately 2 to 4 weeks. True/False
TRUE
Atomoxetine has a low risk for abuse and dependence. True/False
TRUE
Dextroamphetamine will increase appetite and mental alertness. True/False
TRUE
Drugs that increase dopamine levels in the brain can cause signs and symptoms of psychosis. True/False
TRUE
Edrophonium is a long-acting cholinergic drug used to diagnose myasthenia gravis. True/False
TRUE
Epinephrine is the drug of choice for the treatment of anaphylaxis. True/False
TRUE
In order to obtain an accurate diagnosis of narcolepsy, sleep studies must be done. True/False
TRUE
Liver disease is not usually considered a contraindication to administering adrenergic drugs. True/False
TRUE
One of the most common uses of atropine is treatment of bradycardia. True/False
TRUE
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and paranoia. True/False
TRUE
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) promotes the breakdown of levodopa, reducing its effectiveness. True/False
TRUE
Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are first-line therapies for both depression and anxiety. True/False
TRUE
Serotonin syndrome is a serious and sometimes fatal reaction characterized by hypertensive crisis, hyperpyrexia, and extreme agitation progressing to delirium and coma. True/False
TRUE
Tardive dyskinesia is an early extrapyramidal effect associated with all phenothiazines True/False
TRUE
The adrenal medulla is the area of the brain where most of norepinephrine is converted to epinephrine. True/False
TRUE
The first symptoms of Parkinson's disease are often resting tremors that begin in the fingers and thumb of one hand (pill-rolling movements). True/False
TRUE
The serotonergic system in the brain has an inhibitory effect. True/False
TRUE
Flumazenil is an antidote that reverses toxicity of benzodiazepines. True/False
True
GABA is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord. True/False
True
Small doses of hypnotic medications can have an anxiolytic effect. True/False
True
Approximately 75% of parasympathetic nerve fibers are in the _________ nerves.
VAGUS
Phenylephrine is a synthetic drug that acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors to produce __________.
VASOCONSTRICTION
Zolpidem should be given with caution to clients with signs and symptoms of __________ because of increased risk of intentional overdose.
abuse
Neostigmine is used to increase __________ accumulation in nerve synapses.
ACETYLCHOLINE
__________, manifested by motor restlessness and inability to sit still, usually occurs in the first few months of treatment with antipsychotics.
AKATHISIA
__________ are a class of drugs that produce mood elevation or euphoria.
AMPHETAMINES
Centrally acting __________ drugs are useful in treating drug-induced parkinsonism.
ANTICHOLINERGIC
Atropine blocks the effects of acetylcholine at the __________ cholinergic receptors.
MUSCARINIC
TCA may be used in children and adolescents in the management of __________.
ENURESIS AND ADHD
The main neurotransmitters of the ANS are __________ and norepinephrine.
EPINEPHRINE
Adrenergic drugs produce effects similar to those produced by stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. True/False
FALSE
An effect of the sympathetic nervous system I to decrease blood glucose. True/False
FALSE
Efferent neurons carry sensory input from the periphery to the CNS. True/False
FALSE
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia respond to drug therapy more readily than positive symptoms. True/False
FALSE
Pramipexole is only FDA approved for the late stages of Parkinson's disease. True/False
FALSE
Rivastigmine should always be taken on an empty stomach. True/False
FALSE
The parasympathetic nervous system is also called the fight-or-flight system. True/False
FALSE
A sodium excess causes more lithium to be reabsorbed and increases the risk of lithium toxicity. True/False
FALSE (Diuretics act by lowering water and sodium levels; this causes more reabsorption of lithium in the proximal tubules so that the removal of lithium from the body is less, leading to increased blood levels of lithium.)
The prototype amphetamine is amphetamine sulfate. True/False
FALSE (DEXROAMPHETAMINE)
Selegiline selectively inhibits monoamine oxidase, MAO-A. True/False
FALSE (MAO-B)
Sympathetic responses are regulated by acetylcholine. True/False
FALSE (NOREPINEPHRINE AND EPINEPHRINE)
When given systemically, phenylephrine produces reflex tachycardia. True/False
FALSE (bradycardia)
Symptoms of myasthenia gravis are sometimes treated with anticholinergic medications. True/False
FALSE (cholinergic)
Bipolar disorder type I is characterized by episodes of major depression plus hypomanic episodes. True/False
FALSE (this describes Bipolar type II)
The most important action of epinephrine during cardiac arrest is dilation of peripheral blood vessels. True/False
FALSE (vasoconstriction)
Alprazolam is well tolerated by most elderly clients. True/False
False
Sedative-hypnotic drugs should be taken every night to maintain effectiveness. True/False
False
__________ may be used as the initial drug for treating psychotic disorders or as a substitute in clients who are hypersensitive or refractory to phenothiazines.
HALOPERIDOL
St. John's wort is a(n) __________ that is widely self-prescribed for depression.
HERB
The main clinical manifestation of phenylephrine drug toxicity is severe __________.
HYPERTENSION
Memantine may cause __________ in people with diabetes.
HYPOGLYCEMIA
Ipratropium is a(n) __________ drug used to treat respiratory conditions.
INHALED
Adrenergic drugs are given __________ only for emergencies, such as cardiac arrest.
IV
Zaleplon is classified as a Schedule __________ medication.
IV
Carbidopa is used to decrease the __________ breakdown of levodopa and allow more of it to reach the brain.
METABOLIC
__________ have a high incidence of food and drug interactions, which potentially lead to hypertensive crisis.
MONAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS (MAOI)
Amphetamines are used predominantly in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and __________.
NARCOLEPSY
__________ are substances that bind to receptors in the autonomic nervous system.
NEUROTRANSMITTERS (ACETYLCHOLINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE)
___________ receptors are located in motor nerves and skeletal muscles.
NICOTINIC
Pyridostigmine is the __________ drug of choice for clients with myasthenia gravis.
PRIMARY
Eszopiclone is a nonbenzodiazepine that does not reduce ___________ awakenings.
night time
Benzodiazepines should be __________ rather than discontinued abruptly.
tapered down
Physical dependence on benzodiazepines is indicated by __________ symptoms when the drugs are stopped.
withdrawal