Cog Psych 2/6

Katie and Inez are roommates taking the same psychology class. They have a test in four days during a 10:00 - 11:00 AM class period. Both women intend to study for three hours, but because of different work schedules, Katie will study one hour for each of the next three days, while Inez will study three hours the day before the exam. What could you predict about their performances?

Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect

Lourdes and Kim have been studying for two hours for their chemistry exam. Both girls are tired of studying. Lourdes decides to watch a two-hour movie on DVD, while Kim decides to go to bed. What would you predict about their performance on the chemistry exam?

Kim performs better because of reactivation

Your book explains that brief episodes of retrograde amnesia (e.g., the traumatic disruption of newly formed memories when a football player takes a hit to the head and can't recall the last play before the hit) reflect...

a failure of memory consolidation

Your text's discussion of instances when people report a memory of being abused or witness abuse after years of having no memory for these events highlights the importance of considering...

all of these (how visualization exercises during therapy may lead to false memories, that there is no test that can accurately discriminate between true and false memories, the specific situation under which a person recalls the past.)

The medial temporal lobe (MTL), involved in memory consolidation, includes all of the following structures EXCEPT the...

amygdala

When cleaning her closet, Nadia finds her 20-year-old wedding photo album. As she flips through the pictures, she starts to cry joyful tears. Seeing the photos and rekindling the emotions of her wedding day most likely activated her...

amygdala

According to levels of processing theory, deep processing results in better memory. However, studies have shown that shallow processing can result in better memory when the individual en-codes _____ and is tested _____.

auditorially, auditorially

The memory mechanism Hebb proposed is associated with...

both changes at the synapse and long-term potentiation

You have been studying for weeks for a nursing school entrance exam. You love the idea of becoming a nurse, and you have been enjoying learning about the material for your exam. Each night, you put on relaxing clothes and study in the quiet of your lovely home. Memory research suggests you should take your test with a _____ mind set.

calm

____ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption.

consolidation

Grades amnesia occurs because

emotional memories are more fragile than nonemotional memories

Hebb's idea of long-term potentiation, which provides a physiological mechanism for the long-term storage of memories, includes the idea of...

enhanced firing in the neurons

Students, beware! Research shows that _____ does not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material.

highlighting

From the behavior of H.M., who experienced memory problems after a brain operation, we can conclude that the hippocampus is important in...

long-term memory acquisition

Donald Hebb proposed that memory is represented in the brain by structural changes in all of the following EXCEPT the...

neurotransmitters

Experimental evidence suggesting that the standard model of consolidation needs to be revised are data that show that the hippocampus was activated during retrieval of ____ memories.

recent and remote episodic memories

Treatment of PTSD has benefited from recent research on...

reconsolidation

Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for _____ memories.

remote

According to the multiple trace hypothesis, the hippocampus is involved in retrieval of...

remote, episodic memories

According to memory research, studying is most effective if studying sessions are...

short and across several days

The standard model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is...

strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated.

The author of your text makes a suggestion that students should study in a variety of places. This suggestion is based on research showing that people remember material better if they learned it in a number of different locations, compared to studying the same amount of time in one location. The suggestion solves a problem raised by...

the encoding specificity principle

Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if...

the type of encoding and type of retrieval match

Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval. This is called...

transfer-appropriate processing

Recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that...

when a memory is reactivated, it becomes fragile, just as it was immediately after it was formed