Cognitive-Final practice questions

Shepard and Meltzer's "image rotation" experiment was so influential and important to the study of cognition because it demonstrated...?

Imagery and perception may share the same mechanisms

Utility refers to...?

outcomes that achieve a person's goals

The radiation problem can be solved using...?

representation and restructuring.

The results of Gauthier's "Greeble" experiment illustrate...?

An effect of experience-dependent plasticity

Mia has lived in New York City all her life. She has noticed that people from upper Manhattan walk really fast, but people from lower Manhattan tend to walk slowly. Mia's observations are likely influenced from a judgment error based on her using

An illusory correlation

Regarding children's language development, Noam Chomsky noted that children generate many sentences they have never heard before. From this, he concluded that language development is driven largely by...?

An inborn biological program

Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory?

Because it is involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it

The tendency to think that a syllogism is valid if its conclusion is believable is called the...?

Belief bias

During a visit to the local museum, you appreciate the incredible beauty of the paintings displayed on the wall. Your ability to see the paintings as complete pictures rather than individual, disconnected dots of color, texture, and location is because of a process called...?

Binding

The "Little Albert" experiment involving the rat and the loud noise is an example of which of the following types of experiments?

Classical conditioning

The idea that specific cognitive functions activate many areas of the brain is known as...?

Distributed processing

Elementary school students in the U.S. are often taught to use the very familiar word "HOMES" as a cue for remembering the names of the Great Lakes (each letter in "HOMES" provides a first-letter cue for one of the lakes). This memory procedure usually works better than repeating the names over and over. The use of this familiar word provides an example of...?

Elaborative rehearsal

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding post-event information and the misinformation effect?

Even when participants are told taht the post-event information is incorrect, the misinformation effect can still occur

Paivio (1963) proposed the conceptual peg hypothesis. His work suggests which of the following would be most difficult to remember?

Freedom

Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses Parade every New Year's Day. Phoenix's designers start preparing the floats for the next year's parade soon after the first of the year. For each corporate sponsor, Phoenix gets their best advertising team members, and they sit in a room for several hours throwing out every idea they can come up with, no matter how good or bad it is. After a substantial list has been created, they then go through every idea and rate its merits or deficits, until they come up with the best idea to pitch to the corporate sponsor. This process demonstrates

Group brainstorming

The recency effect occurs when participants are asked to recall a list of words. One way to get rid of the recency effect is to...?

Have participants count backwards for 30 seconds after hearing the last word of the list

Some perceptions result from assumptions we make about the environment that we are not even aware of. This theory of unconscious inference was developed by

Helmholtz

The concept of distributed neural coding proposes that a specific object, like a face, is represented across a number of...?

Neurons

Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. Once they created an object, they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device within that category. Finke used the term preinventive forms to describe the

Novel objects before the function was described

When light from a flashlight is moved quickly back and forth on a wall in a darkened room, it can appear to observers that there is a trail of light moving across the wall, even though physically the light is only in one place at any given time. This experience is an effect of memory that occurs because of...?

Persistence of vision

can help us remember information that has been stored in memory.

Retrieval

Which of the following is NOT an example of an implicit memory?

Semantic memory

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates how effective or ineffective maintenance rehearsal is in transferring information into LTM?

Serena's keys were stolen from her purse. She cannot give a detailed description of her keychain to the police, even though she used it every day for three years

Wei has allergy symptoms. He has gone to his regular doctor and an allergy specialist, but he wasn't given a prescription by either doctor. Instead, he was advised to buy any over-the-counter medicine. While he was in the specialist's waiting area, he read a magazine where he saw three ads for an allergy medicine called SneezeLess. A week later, in a drug store, Wei says to his brother, "My doctor says SneezeLess works great. I'll buy that one." Wei and his doctor never discussed SneezeLess. Wei has fallen victim to which of the following errors?

Source monitoring

Collins and Quillian explained the results of priming experiments by introducing the concept of into their network model.

Spreading activation

The likelihood principle states that...?

We perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received

The process of back propagation is most closely associated with...?

connectionist networks

The definitional approach to categorization...?

doesn't work well for most natural objects like birds, trees, and plants.