Cognitive Psych: Quizzes (chapter 1-4)
__________ procedures cause behaviors to decrease in probability or become less likely.
Punishment
When Ira goes to restaurants and orders appetizers, he sometimes receives them within five minutes, sometimes within ten minutes, and sometimes within fifteen minutes. This describes a _____ schedule of reinforcement.
variable interval
What is an operant schedule in which the individual receives one reinforcement for several responses; the number of responses required varies but averages out to the ratio value?
variable ratio
The temporal lobe is:
where signals are received from the auditory system
The layer of neurons that lines the back of the eye is called the:
retina
A synapse is
the gap that separates two different neurons
The occipital lobe is:
the part of the cerebral cortex where the visual cortex is located.
Paul Broca's and Carl Wernicke's research provided early evidence for:
localization of function.
If the intensity of a stimulus that is presented to a touch receptor is increased, this tends to increase the ________ in the receptor's axon.
?
The idea that specific cognitive functions activate many areas of the brain is known as
?
Using behavior to infer mental processes is the basic principle of
?
Which of the following statements best describes how neurons communicate with one another?
A chemical process takes place in the synapse
Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localization of function?
All of the above.
Which of the following methods, often associated with structuralism, was used in the psychology laboratory established by Wilhelm Wundt?
Analytic introspection
Which of the following psychologists is known for research on operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
Who proposed that children's language development was caused by imitation and behavioral reinforcement?
B.F. Skinner
The first formal laboratory of psychology, where the approach of structuralism was created, was founded in which city?
Leipzig, Germany
Bob McKettlefish fastens his seatbelt in order to stop the annoying buzzer that sounds when he starts his car. What mechanism is being used to increase Bob's seat belt wearing?
Negative reinforcement
Damage to Wernicke's area is in which lobe of the brain?
Temporal
Which of the following stimuli were used in Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiment?
Three-letter nonsence
Regarding children's language development, Noam Chomsky noted that children generate many sentences they have never heard before. From this, he concluded that language development is driven largely by
an inborn biological program
Regarding children's language development, Noam Chomsky noted that children generate many sentences they have never heard before. From this, he concluded that language development is driven largely by
an inborn biological program.
Action potentials occur in the:
axon
Your author points out that studying the mind requires both ________ and ________ experiments.
behavioral; physiological
The key structural components of neurons are:
cell body, dendrites, and axon.
Attention, perception, memory, and decision making are all different types of mental processes in which the mind engages. These are known as different types of
cognition
Using behavior to infer mental processes is the basic principle of
cognitive psych
The branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind is called
cognitive psychology
Brain imaging has made it possible to:
determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes.
Each year, working Americans are required by law to file their income taxes by the April 15 deadline. This describes a _____ schedule of reinforcement.
fixed interval
What is a operant conditioning procedure that involves reinforcing the first response after a specific time interval?
fixed interval
The schedule of reinforcement in which a set number of responses must be made foreach reward is called
fixed ratio
What is an operant conditioning procedure that involves reinforcing the last of a specific number of responses
fixed ratio
Negative reinforcement __________ responding; punishment __________responding
increases; decreases
Negative reinforcement __________ responding; punishment __________responding.
increases; decreases
Groups of neurons or structures that are connected within the nervous system are called _________.
neural networks
John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of
observable behavior
The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers (e.g., food) or withdrawal of negative reinforcers (e.g., shock) is best known as
operant conditioning
Behaviorists believe that the presentation of ______ increases the frequency of behavior.
positive reinforcers
Behaviorists believe that the presentation of ________ increases the frequency of behavior.
positive reinforcers