MSA: spine & thorax

thoraculumbar fascia

in the lumbar region the erectors lie deep to what connective tissue structure?

anterior/posterior, lateral, superior

in which three directions are the ribs ideally designed to move?

shorten

increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity would ________ the diaphragm's fibers

T-7

inferior angle of scapula (spinous process)

Sternocleidomastoid

many of the cervical transverse processes are deep to which neck muscle?

latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, or external oblique

name two large muscles through which you would have to palpate to access various portions of the intercostals

shorten

passive extension of the head and neck would _______ the splenius capitis

lengthen

passive flexion of the spine would ________ the iliocostalis

shorten

passive lateral flexion of the head and neck would ________ the splenius cervicis

lengthen

passive rotation of the head and neck to the opposite side would _________ the splenius capitis

lengthen

passive rotation of the head to the opposite side would _________ the oblique capitis inferior

shorten

passive rotation of the head to the same side would ________ the rectus capitis posterior major

lengthen

passive rotation of the spine to the same side would _________ the multifidi

lengthen

passive rotation of the vertebral column to the opposite side would __________ the internal oblique

lengthen

passive rotation of the vertebral column to the same side would ________ the external oblique

left

rotating the head to the left demands the contraction of the left or right splenius capitis?

right

rotating your trunk to the right would engage your left or right internal oblique muscle?

T-2

superior angle of scapula (spinous process)

latissimus dorsi, any branch of the erector spinae group

the thoracolumbar fascia serves as an attachment site for which two muscles?

spinous processes

the visible row of bumps running down the center of the back are?

two inches

to avoid the thick erector spinae muscles overlying the lumbar transverse processes, it is best to slide your fingers roughly how far laterally to the spinous processes?

raise & lower their feet slightly

to contract the lower fibers of the erector spinae group in a prone position, you could ask your partner to perform what action?

rotate their head slightly toward the side you are palpating

to distinguish the trapezius fibers from the splenius capitis fibers, you could ask your partner to perform what action?

flexion & extension

to fill the ligamentum nuchae change tension underneath your fingers, what two passive movements can you perform at the head?

L-4

top of iliac crest (spinous process)

T-12

twelth rib (spinous process)

short, diagonal

unlike the long, vertical erector fibers, the branches of the transversospinalis group consist of many _________ fibers

slow, deep breath into upper chest

what action could you ask your partner to perform to feel the first rib move?

laterally tilt (elevate) the hip

what action could you ask your partner to perform to fill the quadratus lumborum contract?

diaphragm

what is the primary muscle of respiration?

costal cartilage

what is the structure that extends off the ribs & attaches to the sternum?

supraspinous

what superficial ligament can be felt between the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?

trapezius, rhomboids, or serratus posterior superior

when exploring between the scapulae, can you name two muscles through which you will have to palpate to access the deeper erector spinae fibers?

only as your partner exhales

when is it best to move your fingers as you curl them underneath the rib cage to fill the diaphragm?

the central tendon

when the diaphragm muscle fibers contract, what connective tissue structure is pulled inferiorly?

rectus abdominis

which abdominal muscle runs vertically from the rib cage to the pubic crest?

lateral edge

which edge of the quadratus lumborum is accessible from the side of the torso?

intercostals

which muscles are located between the ribs?

second

which rib attaches to the sternum at the level of the sternal angle?

cervical

which section of the vertebral column is capable of the most movement?

twelth rib, posterior iliac crest, & transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

which three bony landmarks can help you to isolate the borders of the quadratus lumborum?

C-2, C-7

which two cervical vertebrae have spinous processes that protrude further posteriorly & are more distinct than the other cervical vertebrae?

flexion & extention

with your partner seated, what two movements at the spine could you ask your partner to perform to feel the movement of the spinous processes?

external oblique

you are palpating lateral to the edge of the rectus abdominis & the fibers you feel are superficial & running at an angle. What muscle is this?

erector spinae group

As you palpate medially toward the spine, you may lose contact with the 12th rib because it just deep to which muscle group?

shorten

Passive lateral flexion of the spine to the same side would ________ the longissimus

shorten

Passive rotation of the spine to the opposite side would ________ the rotatores

45 degrees

The 11th and 12th ribs lie at approximately what angle on the body?

body type & muscular contraction

The angles of the scapula & the corresponding spinous processes do not always lineup. Name two factors that might affect the position of the scapula

clavicle

The first rib is deep to which bone along the anterior thorax?

spinous and transverse processes

The lamina groove is located between which two bony landmarks of the vertebrae?

external occipital protuberance, spinous processes of C-7

The ligamentum nuchae spans between which two bony landmarks?

spinalis, iliocostalis

The most medial branch of the erector spine group is the ________, while the most lateral is the _________

trapezius, sternocleidomastoid

The splenius capitis is a deep muscle except on the lateral side of the neck where it is superficial between which two muscles?

erector spinae, connecting aspects of the ribs

The thoracic transverse processes are located deep to the ________ muscles & superficial to the _______

sternum & rib cage

The thorax is composed of which two structures?

ligamentum nuchae

Which band of connective tissue lie superficial to the cervical spinous processes?

mastoid process & center of shaft

Your partner is supine and you passively rotate the head 45° away from the side you are palpating. This position places the cervical transverse processes in line running between which two bony landmarks?

the sides of the trunk

although the entire rib cage is deep to the muscle tissue, which portion is easily accessed?

lamina grooves

as a group, the transversospinalis muscles can be easily located along the ________ ________ of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

C-7

base of neck (spinous process)

shorten

compression of the abdominal contents would _________ the transverse abdominis

shorten

drawing the ventral part of the ribs upward would _________ the external intercostals

scalenes

exploring just posterior to the clavicle, through which muscle group must you palpate to access the first rib?