integumentary system chapter 6

Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters?

first-degree

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane?

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body?

evaporation

A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ________.

stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis

The deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the ________.

stratum basale

When a person becomes "pale," what is the physiologic basis

the blood supply to the skin is decreased.

Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?

there are no vital organs in the region.

The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n)

third-degree burn

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________.

ultraviolet radiation

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

"goose bumps" are formed

Which is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person?

Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly.

The skin is also called the ________ membrane.

cutaneous

The fold of stratum corneum over the base of a nail is called the

cuticle

Shafts of hair are comprised of

dead, keratinized epidermal cells

Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the

dermis

A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as

first-degree

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) ________.

keloid

The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from

melanocytes

merocrine sweat glands

respond primarily to elevated body temperature

The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is

acne

In other mammals, the ________ glands function as scent glands, providing an important form of communication.

apocrine

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands.

apocrine

Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?

basal cell carcinoma

the nail _____ covers the nail bed

body

During skin repair, most of the scab consists of an insoluble network of ________, a protein that forms from blood proteins during the clotting response.

fibrin

During the regeneration process of the skin after an injury, what is the combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network called? a. keloid

granulation tissue

The pale crescent area of the nail is called the

lunula

Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ________ glands.

mammary

In albinism, ________ is lacking.

melanin

The observed differences in skin color reflect the levels of ________ production.

melanin

Functions of the skin include

regulating body temp

Thick skin can be found on the?

palms

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,

they die

Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight.

vitamin D3

Which of the following is the function of hair associated with a nerve fiber?

provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury

Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light

can slowly increase melanocyte activity

The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup.

carotene

________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow.

carotene

The highly vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the

dermis

When the body is overheated, the skin responds by

dilating blood vessels

The walls of each hair follicle contain all the cell layers found in which of the following?

epidermis

Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure?

hair matrix

the layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the

stratum corneum

A "rug burn," which scrapes the skin, is an example of a(n)

abrasion

The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called ________.

keratin