integumentary system chapter 6
Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters?
first-degree
Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane?
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
Through which mechanism does perspiration function in cooling the body?
evaporation
A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it ________.
stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis
The deepest layer of cells in the epidermis is the cells of the ________.
stratum basale
When a person becomes "pale," what is the physiologic basis
the blood supply to the skin is decreased.
Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?
there are no vital organs in the region.
The type of burn that injures the hypodermis, deeper tissues, and organs is a(n)
third-degree burn
Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from ________.
ultraviolet radiation
When the arrector pili muscles contract,
"goose bumps" are formed
Which is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person?
Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly.
The skin is also called the ________ membrane.
cutaneous
The fold of stratum corneum over the base of a nail is called the
cuticle
Shafts of hair are comprised of
dead, keratinized epidermal cells
Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the
dermis
A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as
first-degree
A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) ________.
keloid
The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from
melanocytes
merocrine sweat glands
respond primarily to elevated body temperature
The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is
acne
In other mammals, the ________ glands function as scent glands, providing an important form of communication.
apocrine
The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands.
apocrine
Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
the nail _____ covers the nail bed
body
During skin repair, most of the scab consists of an insoluble network of ________, a protein that forms from blood proteins during the clotting response.
fibrin
During the regeneration process of the skin after an injury, what is the combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network called? a. keloid
granulation tissue
The pale crescent area of the nail is called the
lunula
Modified and specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called ________ glands.
mammary
In albinism, ________ is lacking.
melanin
The observed differences in skin color reflect the levels of ________ production.
melanin
Functions of the skin include
regulating body temp
Thick skin can be found on the?
palms
As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,
they die
Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight.
vitamin D3
Which of the following is the function of hair associated with a nerve fiber?
provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury
Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light
can slowly increase melanocyte activity
The skin may turn orange as a result of ________ buildup.
carotene
________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow.
carotene
The highly vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the
dermis
When the body is overheated, the skin responds by
dilating blood vessels
The walls of each hair follicle contain all the cell layers found in which of the following?
epidermis
Hair is formed by the repeated divisions of epithelial stem cells in which structure?
hair matrix
the layer of the epidermis at the exposed surface is the
stratum corneum
A "rug burn," which scrapes the skin, is an example of a(n)
abrasion
The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called ________.
keratin