Cognitive psychology chap 1
In Donders's research on human decision making, he found that it took ____________ to decide which of two buttons to push in response to a stimulus.
less than one second
The main point of the Donders's reaction time experiments was to
measure the amount of time it takes to make a decision.
Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiments were important because they
plotted functions that described the operation of the mind.
Reaction time refers to the time between the _______ of a stimulus and a person's response to it.
presentation
Verbal Behavior was written by
B. F. Skinner.
Wundt's procedure in which trained participants describe their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli presented under controlled conditions is known as
analytic introspection.
John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of
observable behavior.
The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers (e.g., food) or withdrawal of negative reinforcers (e.g., shock) is best known as
operant conditioning.
In Donders's experiment on decision making, when participants were asked to press a button upon presentation of a light, they were engaged in a
simple reaction time task.
In which year was positron emission tomography (PET) introduced and made it possible to see which areas of the human brain are activated during cognitive activity?
1976
Which of the following terms is correct in context with "Pairing one stimulus with another"?
Classical conditioning
How is the term mind used in this statement: "If you put your mind to it, I'm sure you can solve that math problem"?
The mind as problem solver
Which book was written by Thomas Kuhn?
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
As a result of gaps in the behaviorist paradigm, the new cognitive paradigm began to emerge in which decade?
1950s
What is the study of mental processes that includes determining the characteristics and properties of the mind and how it operates?
Cognitive psychology
Who introduced the flow diagram to represent what is happening in the mind?
Colin Cherry
Colin Cherry's experiment in which participants listen to two messages simultaneously, one in each ear, found all but which of the following?
People who are deaf process auditory information on a nonconscious level.
Regarding children's language development, Noam Chomsky noted that children generate many sentences they have never heard before. From this, he concluded that language development is driven largely by
an inborn biological program.
A mental conception of the layout of a physical space is known as a(n)
cognitive map.
Newell and Simon were among the first to use computers for artificial intelligence. Their computer program
created proofs for problems in logic.
At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Symposium on Information Theory, George Miller presented a paper suggesting that
there are limits to the human ability to process information.
Which of the following is NOT true of positron emission tomography (PET)?
It replaced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) because it was less expensive.
Which of the following is a criticism of analytic introspection?
It requires no training.
Watson became dissatisfied with the method of analytic introspection in which context?
Results were interpreted in terms of invisible inner mental processes
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin's (1968) model of memory, which was introduced a year after the publication of Neisser's book, described the flow of information in the memory system as progressing through three stages. Which memory holds incoming information for a fraction of a second and then passes most of this information to short-term memory?
Sensory memory
Endel Tulving, one of the most prominent early memory researchers, proposed that long-term memory is subdivided into all of the following components EXCEPT
Short-term memory.
Which of the following events is most closely associated with a resurgence in interest in the mind within the study of psychology?
Skinner's publication of the book, Verbal Behavior
With which of the following sentences would the author disagree?
We can consider the mind extraordinary if it is used for extraordinary purposes.
Attention, perception, memory, and decision making are all different types of mental processes in which the mind engages. These are known as different types of
cognition.
The branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind is called
cognitive psychology.
The relationship between the ____________ is NOT measured directly by cognitive psychologists.
cognitive task and the mental response
According to Ebbinghaus's research on memory, savings is a function of
elapsed time.
Who founded the first laboratory of scientific psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany?
Wilhelm Wundt
Which of the following psychologists is known for research on operant conditioning?
B. F. Skinner
Who proposed that children's language development was caused by imitation and reinforcement?
B. F. Skinner
Who developed the concept of the cognitive map?
Tolman
Donald Broadbent was the first person to develop which of the following?
A flow diagram depicting the mind as processing information in a sequence of stages
Why can we consider Tolman one of the early cognitive psychologists?
Because he focused on the stimulus-response connections in the rat's mind during his maze experiment
The use of the term artificial intelligence was coined by
John McCarthy.
