Cognitive Psychology Chapter One

According to Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin, which memory holds incoming information for a fraction of a second and then passes most of this information to short-term memory?

Sensory memory

In Donders's experiment on decision making, when participants were asked to press a button upon presentation of a light, they were engaged in a ...

Simple Reaction Time Task

Franciscus Donders

The 19th-century physiologist that first conducted reaction time experiments.

Savings method

a method of testing memory retention by comparing the numbers of trials needed to learn material with the number of trials needed to relearn the material at a later time

Although Ebbinghaus's savings method was very different from Donder's reaction time method, both measured ...

behavior to determine a property of the mind

Attention, perception, memory, and decision making are all different types of mental processes in which the mind engages. These are known as different types of

cognition

A mental conception of the layout of a physical space is known as a(n) ...

cognitive map

reaction time

how long it takes to respond to presentation of a stimulus

Hermann Ebbinghaus

the first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well developed the "forgetting curve" and the idea of the "savings method"

According to the savings method, if it first takes you 10 times of repeating something to memorize it, then later it takes you repeating it 8 times, then what would be your "savings" range

2x

At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Symposium on Information Theory, George Miller presented a paper suggesting that ....

there are limits to the human ability to process information

Functionalism

A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

logic theorisst

Computer programs that was able to solve logic programs

Newell and Simom

Created the logic theorist program

Edward Chance Tolman

Developed the idea of cognitive maps

John Watson

Founded behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat

B.F. Skinner

Founder of behaviorism who developed the theory of operant conditioning by training pigeons and rats

computer science

Gave us metaphor for how encoding and retrieving are kind of like the mind

Cognitive maps

Mental conception of a spacial layout

Louis Flexner

Performed experiment which showed that injecting a chemical that inhibits the syntheses of proteins in rats eliminates formation of memories

John McCarthy

Proposed the idea that it was possible to program computers to mimic the human mind

Broadbent's flow diagram

Provided way to analyze the operation of the mind in terms of a sequence of processing stages input -> filter -> detector -> memory

Structuralism

Says our overall experiences are determined by combining basic elements of experience that structuralist call "sensations"

William James

Taught Psychology course at Harvard, wrote first Psychology textbook founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment

Who founded the first laboratory of scientific psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany?

Wilhelm Wundt

analytic introspection

a technique in which trained participants described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli

A technique in which trained participants described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli is known as ....

analytic introspection

The branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind is called

cognitive psychology

Your text describes the occurrence of a "cognitive revolution" during which dramatic changes took place in the way psychology was studied. This so-called revolution occurred parallel to (and, in part, because of) the introduction of ...

computers

Wilhelm Wundt

established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany Tried to break down consciousness like the periodic table developed structuralism

Reaction time refers to the time between the _______ of a stimulus and a person's response to it.

presentation

Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin's (1968) model of memory, which was introduced a year after the publication of Neisser's book, described what

the flow of information in the memory system as progressing through three stages

Cognitive Psychology

the scientific study of the mind and mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, problem solving, reasoning, and decision making

One of the major forces that caused psychology to reject the study of mental processes was a negative reaction to ...

the technique of analytic introspection