COM 400 Exam 2

If you going to successful working with people on a global level, there are four myths that you need to debunk. What are the four myths of global leadership?

1. Customs may differ, but we're all basically the same deep down inside. 2. My technical expertise will help me succeed because that is why they hired me. 3. I lived abroad for a semester in college, so it will be easy to adapt. 4. I am the boss, so others will have to adapt to me.

A deductive thinker moves from general to _____.

A deductive thinker moves from general to specific.

___________________ is key to leadership.

Communication is key to leadership.

Emmanuel Kant is credited with using the term "worldview" to _____________ or ___________.

Emmanuel Kant is credited with using the term "worldview" to describe a person's observations or perceptions about the world.

In 1997, when Nike released the Air Bakin' logo for their shoes with the wavy fire symbol, why was this perceived by the Muslim community as offensive disrespectful?

In Islam religion, one way to show reverence is through cleanliness. One way to do this is for Muslims to take off their shoes and wash themselves enter before entering a mosque. To have a symbol that resembled the name of God on the bottom of a shoe was blasphemous, since the foot is unclean. In Islamic religion, one can't create images of Allah or his prophet Mohammad, let alone relegate the script that signifies God to the back of a shoe.

In ___________, a person instinctively looks for theories and general concepts--to this person it's more important to analyze theories before getting into the details of the data.

In deductive thinking, a person instinctively looks for theories and general concepts--to this person it's more important to analyze theories before getting into the details of the data.

Communication is said to be the lifeblood of society. What does this mean?

It is vital to the function of human social order. Communication is constitutive of culture. No culture can breathe without communication.

_____________ looks at the individual components of a problem or a situation, structuring one's thoughts and solutions, possibly using a cause and effect structure.

Linear thinking looks at the individual components of a problem or a situation, structuring one's thoughts and solutions, possibly using a cause and effect structure.

Our thinking style--or _________---relates to how we reason and perceive.

Our thinking style--or cognition---relates to how we reason and perceive.

The field of ___________ is opening up new explanations of the connections between the biological brain and the human brain.

The field of neuroscience is opening up new explanations of the connections between the biological brain and the human brain

The __________ is the most basic part of the brain for all breathing creatures.

The reptilian complex is the most basic part of the brain for all breathing creatures.

The term ___________ comes from the German word "weltanschuung", which is "welt" (world) + "anschuung" (preception or view).

The term worldview comes from the German word "weltanschuung", which is "welt" (world) + "anschuung" (preception or view).

What's an example of an inductive thinker listening to a presentation at work?

When an inductive thinker is listening to a presentation at work, they would be focusing on the quality and credibility of an argument. If there were no specific examples to back up the speaker's points, the inductive thinker would become impatient.

Grammatically speaking, _______ should only refer to the religion or acts done in the name of that religion, never a person who practices that religion a) Islam b) Muslim

a) Islam

_______ reasoning is when one uses theory alone to understand particularities. a) deductive reasoning b) addictive reasoning c) inductive reasoning d) abductive reasoning

a) deductive reasoning

Which is not a Nordic country? a) Switzerland b) Netherlands c) Denmark d) Finland

b) Netherlands

Leadership is the same across cultural contexts. a) true b) false

b) false

A global leader is someone who is able to handle complexity, risk, and ambiguity. a) No answer text provided. b) No answer text provided. c) True d) False

c) True

A global leader must be able to: a) adapt to change in an ambiguous environment b) deal with the complexity that comes with interpersonal relationship c) all of the above

c) all of the above

Neuroendocrine system

cells that release hormones into the blood in response to stimulation of the nervous system

Culture includes: a) a group's communication pattern b) how a group solves problems c) how a group perceives and passes on its shared values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors, including its perception of self, group, environment, and power d) all of the above

d) all of the above

Someone who is able to handle complexity, risk, and ambiguity in a fast-paced and multicultural environment successfully, because (s)he possesses knowledge about cultural difference and mindfully reflects behaviors, attitudes, values, and beliefs while interacting with others. a) a cultural intelligence leader b) a global leader c) a culturally competent leader d) all of the above

d) all of the above

What is karma?

every action generates a force of energy that returns to us in the kind...what we sow is what we reap. And when we choose actions that bring us happiness and success to others, the fruit of our karma is happiness and success.

What are the 3 global considerations when launching a new product?

logistics, business, and relationships

Neural system

made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves which control our breathing, walking, thinking, and feeling

The ___________, which is related to emotional and social behaviors as well as the _________, which is related to language and cognition, is also impacted.

the limbic system, which is related to emotional and social behaviors as well as the neocontext, which is related to language and cognition, is also impacted.

neocortex

thinking, planning, deciding

A worldview is basically a person's belief about life and the universe---one core's assumption of "_____________".

A worldview is basically a person's belief about life and the universe---one core's assumption of "what is".

Which is a system of the human body? A) immune system B) all of the above C) neural system D) metabolic system

B) all of the above

What would inductive thinking at work mean?

At work, inductive thinking would mean that you are interested in the specific situations and details surrounding a problem, issue, or an event. You are pragmatic and want to interpret the data or information with that problem, issue, or event.

Culture does not impact language. A) true b) false

B) false

Five orientations regarding human values: people, place, time, groups, actions. A) true B) false

B) false

Five orientations regarding human values: people, place, time, groups, activities A) true B) false

B) false

Partcularism is a about rules. When no rule fits, find a rule to figure it out. A) true B) false

B) false

Particularism is about rules. When no rules fit, find a rule to figure it out. A) true B) false

B) false

Prototypes are physical representations based on general characteristics that are not fixed and rigid but are rather open to new definition. A) true B) false

B) false

Prototypes are physical representations based on general characteristics that are not fixed and rigid but rather are open to new definition. A) true B) false

B) false

Universalism is about finding exceptions. When no rule fits, figure it out on its own merit. A) true B) false

B) false

Universalism is about finding exceptions. When not rules fit, figure it out on its own merit. A) true B) false

B) false

Asiacentricity seeks to give power to Asia and minimize other 'cultural groups' power A) true B) false

B) false "Centering" merely seeks to enter Asian world views and not to marginalize other worldviews of culture.

Fatalism can be understood as a belief system in which people understand that events in their lives are totally determined by the outside world and that 'there is nothing they can do about it'. The COI orientation that explains this orientation as: A) control B) fixed C) constrained D) environment

B) fixed Incorrect

Fatalism can be understood as a belief system in which people understand that events in their lives are totally determined by the outside world and that there is not hi they can do about it. The COI Orientation that explains this orientation as: A) control B) fixed C) constant D) environment

B) fixed *incorrect

Stereotypes can be grouped into the following categories: A) negative, neutral, and pleasant B) positive, negative, and neutral C) negative, neutral, and untrue D) positive, negative, and untrue

B) positive, negative, and neutral

Stereotypes can be grouped into the following categories: A) negative, neutral, and pleasant B) positive, negative, and neutral C) negative, neutral, and untrue D) positive, negative, and untrue

B) positive, negative, and neutral

_________ is a belief system and referred to as a religion by some scholars practiced in India, South East Asia, China, Japan, South Korea, and Nepal.

Buddhism is a belief system and referred to as a religion by some scholars practiced in India, South East Asia, China, Japan, South Korea, and Nepal

_____ indicates that a person 's perception of an object will be influenced by the environment in which it rests. a) perception b) vantage point c) field dependence d) gestalt

C) field dependence

Because humans are social species, we have the need to create and maintain groups in order to survive. How do we do this?

We do this through our families, communities, associations, and organizations, which impact our live through the order and stability that they create

While these are simplistic overviews of the major worldviews, the purpose is to __________ and building knowledge to __________.

While these are simplistic overviews of the major worldviews, the purpose is to provide the reader with a synopsis of each to aid in creating awareness and building knowledge to help when interacting with people from other worldviews.

_________ is found within the stories, traditions, and memories our family and friends pass on to us.

Worldview is found within the stories, traditions, and memories our family and friends pass on to us.

When giving a presentation, the deductive thinker would first: a) address the theories or models before going into the specific at all b) use a situation to explain in detail a situation

a) address the theories or models before going into the specific at all

After a presentation, an inductive thinker may want to: a) examine the key principles by analyzing them in order to apply them to specific situations b) focus on the theories applied in the presentation

a) examine the key principles by analyzing them in order to apply them to specific situations

There are two forms of reasoning: a) inductive and deductive b) linear and systemic

a) inductive and deductive

Western ways of thinking tend to use _____ thinking and perceiving. a) linear b) systemic c) inductive d) deductive

a) linear

This leadership style encourages input from others in decision-making. a) participative style b) self-protective style c) team-orientated style d) autonomous style

a) participative style

A major influence on Chinese personal agency is harmony. a) true b) false

a) true

Historical and societal impact on human results in different methods of reasoning and perceiving. a) true b) false

a) true

Managers and leaders seek to understand their own cultural norms in relation to the cultural norms of others. a) true b) false

a) true

Working cross-functionally across cultural differences can be both challenging and innovating. a) true b) false

a) true

True or False. Culture influences the norms of every group.

true

True or False. In order to interact successfully with with people who hold different worldviews and perceptions as to what is legitimate (e.g. what is right or wrong in one's eyes), we need to unblock this tendency to ignore differences. Only then can we begin the process of understanding intercultural differences.

true

True or False. Managers need to compare their own cultures with those of others in order to understand what is different and what is similar. This can lead to more successful interactions.

true

true or false. We can't be effective leaders if we can't communicate.

true

A ______ is a in a god or a group of gods-a supernatural being.

A religion is a in a god or a group of gods.

What are two examples of systemic thinking in the workplace?

1. In the workplace, you tend to take a "big picture" view of a problem, focusing on the relationships of its various concepts or components. 2. In a presentation you would persuade people by demonstrating the impacts on related parts.

Worldviews attempts to answer four questions about humans and the universe. What are these four questions?

1. What is reality? 2. Who are humans? 3. What is truth? 4. What values are important?

Kulckhohn and Strodtbeck concluded that there were 5 human concerns that all societies are based upon. What are they?

1. human nature 2. people and nature 3. time sense 4. activity 5. social relations

Kashmir v. Sweden: The United States appointed a Swedish army officer as an observer in Kashmir. The officer and his family moved to into a house boat on the river in Srinagar, the capital of the province. As has been customary for Europeans working in Kashmir, the family employed a local woman to take care of all of the family's household services during their stay. The housekeeper was always helpful and took care of their needs.The family was very pleased with her work, and after a short time, decided to give her a raise. Surprisingly, the housekeeper did not turn up for work the next day, and her younger sibling arrived in her place. On her new high salary, the previous helped had employed her younger brother to work for the military family. With the raise she could maintain her standard of living and help her brother. Consistent with the Kashmiri helper being a Hindu, she did not believe that could not improve her standard of living in her lifetime. So by being good and not disturbing the harmony of her circumstances, she believed he could reincarnated into a higher position in her next life. The natural tendency to accept life with no expectation for either improvement or material goods contrasts sharply with the Swedish family's notion of working hard to achieve personal goals and improve one's material lot in this life. The Swedes' surprise at seeing the younger Kashmiri sibling arrive for work reflects this contrast. Regarding what we learned from the Kluckhohn/Strodtbeck cultural values model , this story is most accurately an example of the differences in: A) Flexibility and Achievement B) Individualism and Collectivism C) Doing and Being D) Masculinity and Femininity

A) Flexibility and Achievement

Paradox: a statement that seems to be untrue but is in fact true. A) true B) false

A) True

Asian cultures tend to be more _______. A) collectivist B) both C) neither D) individualistic

A) collectivistic

Eastern ways of thinking tend to use ______ thinking and perceiving. A) systemic B) inductive C) deductive D) linear

A) systemic

Human nature is the deepest level of culture according to Hofstede because of human nature, there are many behaviors and understandings that all people share even though they come from different cultures. A) true B) false

A) true

Human nature is the deepest level of culture according to Hofstede-because of human nature, there are many behaviors and understandings that all people share even though they come from different cultures. A) true B) false

A) true

Paradox: a statement that seems to untrue but is in fact true. A) true B) false

A) true

Value Trumping- recognition that in specific contexts certain set of values take precedence over others. A) true B) false

A) true

Value-Trumping- recognition that in specific contexts certain sets of values take precedence over others. A) true B) false

A) true

World view: a collection of beliefs about life and the universe A) true B) false

A) true

Worldview: A collection of beliefs and the universe a) true B) false

A) true

All of us learn different ways of "being" from our __________ and that influences how we interact with others.

All of us learn different ways of "being" from our cultural group(s) and that influences how we interact with others.

An inductive thinker moves from specific to _______.

An inductive thinker moves from specific to general.

_________, or our thinking style is the way we process information, react to it, and create our own meaning from that information.

Cognition, or our thinking style is the way we process information, react to it, and create our own meaning from that information.

Working with a cross-cultural comprising people from different worldviews and work ethics can be the ultimate challenge? Why?

Cultural differences play a significant role in way we think, act, and communicate.

Culture is something that we learn early on, as we conditioned to ____, _______, and ______ about the world.

Culture is something that we learn early on, as we conditioned to act, react, and learn about the world.

A stereotype is a belief system about a person or group that puts everyone into a category. Which of the following statements reflect a stereotype: A) You use selective perception and refuse to change your attitudes. B) Stereotypes are rigid generalizations about people or groups. C) with stereotypes, you tend to reject contradictory information. D) all of the above

D) all of the above

A stereotype is a brief about a person or a group that put everybody into a category. Which of the following statement reflect a stereotype? A) You use selective perception and refuse to change your attitudes. B) Stereotypes are rigid generalizations about people or groups. C) With stereotypes, you tend to reject contradictory information. D) all of the above

D) all of the above

True or False. At first, the notion of a global leader is someone who has the knowledge to comprehend the many details of international and financial practices; to have the skills need to deal with multifaceted operations of a global supply chain management; or to be able to handle complex of merger or acquisition.

False. While it's critical to possess the functional business skills necessary to do business in the global environment, functional skills are not enough.

_______ is the phenomenon which indicates that a person's perception of an object will be influence by the environment which it rests.

Field dependence is the phenomenon which indicates that a person's perception of an object will be influence by the environment which it rests.

Hindusim is a belief system mostly in ______ and it is made up of ______ gods.

Hindusim is a belief system mostly in India and it is made up of many gods.

Culture Myth #1: 1. Customs may differ, but we're all basically the same deep down inside. Explain.

I's human nature to think that people are just like us--we're all ethnocentric to a certain degree. When we believe in this myth, we expect that others think the same way, perceive the same way, and behave the same way we do. While the motivating goal is to be accepting of all people, by reducing to the sameness, we are actually trying to maintain stability uncertainty and ambiguity are uncomfortable. So, we try to figure out others based upon who we are, not who they are. This takes on an ethnocentric perspective where we evaluate other people and their cultures based upon our particular cultural standards.

Ian Dicks says that worldviews is at the most ___________ of every culture.

Ian Dicks says that worldviews is at the most fundamental level of every culture.

If reason is the process of thinking about something in order to form a conclusion, then _____________ is the way you think about something--how you are able to grasp its essence.

If reason is the process of thinking about something in order to form a conclusion, then perceiving is the way you think about something--how you are able to grasp its essence

In Islam religion, one way to show reverence is through cleanliness. One way to do this is for Muslims to _________ and wash themselves _______ entering a mosque.

In Islam religion, one way to show reverence is through cleanliness. One way to do this is for Muslims to take off their shoes and wash themselves enter before entering a mosque.

What could a deductive thinker perceive an inductive thinker at work actions as?

Inductive thinkers look for all of the details so it may be perceived to deductive thinkers that they are trying to rush ahead.

____________ should be used to describe all people of the Islamic faith but not the faith itself. a) Muslim b) Islam+

Muslim should be used to describe all people of the Islamic faith but not the faith itself. a) Muslim b) Islam

Neuroscientists are now telling us that such socicultural structures have a major impact on our brains and our bodies through the constant interaction between the _________ system, ________ system, ________ system, and _______ system.

Neuroscientists are now telling us that such socicultural structures have a major impact on our brains and our bodies through the constant interaction between the neural system, neuroendrocine system, metabolic system, and immune system.

The question is, how does culture, which includes behaviors, communication, and rules shape the minds (and brains) of people? And is there a specific area of the brain where such cultural differences are located?

Neuroscientists have found that social factors, such as group norms and expectations impact the brain regarding the reptilian complex, which is the most basic part of the brain for all breathing creatures.

___________ is how we become aware of something through through our five senses.

Perceiving is how we become aware of something through through our five senses.

__________ means that we draw inferences or conclusions and is the process of thinking about something in a logical way in order to form a conclusion.

Reasoning means that we draw inferences or conclusions and is the process of thinking about something in a logical way in order to form a conclusion.

True or False, In inductive thinking, a person is more attuned with specific examples and prefers to analyze the details in the data before moving on to the general concepts.

True

What does the situation of the Nike Air Bakin' teach us about worldviews?

Roy Aogostino, the spokesperson for Nike had to learn that as a leader, he had to learn the hard way that you can't underestimate the power of symbols when creating, making, or marketing a product. In a situation like this, it's easy for both sides to be upset with the other--Nike wondered why this mattered in the grand scheme of things--the logo simply had a few wavy lines that meant to symbolize fire. That meant that anyone would be offended--even when they made the effort to redesign the image--was incomprehensible. But from another perspective, the Muslim community was troubled that this did not matter to Nike--it was inconceivable that anyone could blatantly insult God in such a manner. There was a clash of worldviews.

Social neuroscience, a relatively new with an integrative perspective of the social and the biological has generated innovative insights and applications that change the very nature of established knowledge on the notions of culture, adaptation, globalization, and leadership.

Social neuroscience, a relatively new with an integrative perspective of the social and the biological has generated innovative insights and applications that change the very nature of established knowledge on the notions of culture, adaptation, globalization, and leadership.

____________ is the tendency to see the big picture and, as a result, structures one's thoughts and solutions based upon that broad view of a problem or situation along with its interconnected parts.

Systemic thinking is the tendency to see the big picture and, as a result, structures one's thoughts and solutions based upon that broad view of a problem or situation along with its interconnected parts.

The Cultural Orientations Approach (COA) developed by TMC in the 1980's and now owned by Berlitz, focuses on three dimensions of culture: _______, _______, and ______.

The Cultural Orientations Approach (COA) developed by TMC in the 1980's and now owned by Berlitz, focuses on three dimensions of culture: interaction style, thinking style, and sense of self.

In Richard Nisbett's study, he answered the question whether there are cognitive differences between Westerners and Easterners. To do this, he separated the groups of Easterners and Westerners and showed them an aquarium. What were the results of this study?

The Westerners focused on the actual fish by counted the number of fish in the tank, whereas the Easterners focused more on the environment in which the fish swam across from. Asians tend to focus upon the environment (the field), the background variables and perceive an event more holistically. Westerners tend to look at the object individually, isolating details from the field and using a cause-effect process. Nisbett determined that how people think about and perceive the world was influenced by their social structures, philosophies, and even educational systems

There is now a specific field called ___________ that studies the interchange between neural and cultural forces which promote human cognition, perception, and behavior.

There is now a specific field called cultural neuroscience that studies the interchange between neural and cultural forces which promote human cognition, perception, and behavior.

When giving a presentation, the deductive thinker would first address the theories or models before going into the specific at all. When listening to the presentation, how would the inductive perceive this?

To the inductive thinker, they would perceive this as the speaker is "lost in the clouds". They would think that the speaker is not "down to earth". It's not realistic because it doesn't address the real problem. There is a lack of attention to detail.

True or False. A deductive thinker would analyze the overarching theory instead of the details associated with it. In his or her mind, it's impossible to even consider the minutia related to the theory because it's the theory that holds the power of meaning in and of itself.

True

True or False. An inductive thinking would want to create a mind map of of this theory and diagram its specifics because without understanding the details, the inductive thinker couldn't see the logic in the abstractness.

True

True or False. Based upon this view--a worldview--we make assumptions of what life is all about and how we are going to act.

True

True or False. Because humans are social species, we have the need to create and maintain groups in order to survive.

True

True or False. Being able to spot a colleague's cognition style can help you shift your frame of reference or how you might react to them.

True

True or False. Broken down further, each tradition has different denominations which are subgroups that have their own traditions and identities, but still ascribe to the major tenets of the faith.

True

True or False. Culture impacts language and in turn, language supports culture by shaping social bonds as people communicate shared meanings.

True

True or False. Global leaders will engage more effectively when they can identify how colleagues, employees, and business partners think, reason, and perceive differently.

True

True or False. Grammatically speaking, Islamic community and Islamic art are correct, but Islamic person is not.

True

True or False. Grammatically speaking, you may say that you are interested in the religion of Muslims, but never in the Muslim religion.

True

True or False. Historical and societal impact on humans results in different methods of reasoning and perceiving.

True

True or False. In Islam religion, Muslims believe that the sole purpose of their existence on earth is to submit to and to worship Allah. So they incorporate religion into every part of their day with the utmost respect.

True

True or False. It is not enough to be aware, open-minded, and respectful of the management practices of other cultures. The successful global leader understands both culture-general and culture-specific norms and is able to apply this knowledge to effectively interact with people on a case by case basis.

True

True or False. It's not enough to perform the functional aspects of "doing business" across borders or at home with a diverse organization; rather, it's the hard work of developing one's EQ and CQ that will help us achieve success and satisfaction in our interactions with others who are different from us.

True

True or False. The word religion is problematic for many Africans because is suggests that religion is separate from all other aspects of one's culture, society, or environment. But for many Africans, religion can never be separated from all of these. It is a way of life, and it can never be separated from the public sphere.

True

True or False. There are certain universal global leadership norms; however, how these norms are are carried out depends on the context and situation across cultures. People in different societies have different criteria when assessing leadership success.

True

True or False. To Buddhists, there is no god or creator. To believe is to be one with reality. Because of this, it is argued that it is a philosophy and not a religion

True

True or False. We have to become comfortable with differences so that we can learn to successfully interact with others.

True

True or False. When giving a presentation, the deductive thinker would be concerned with the conceptualization of the project rather than its application to particular conditions.

True

True or False. Worldviews can be invisible forces that impact our lives and our professions.

True

True or false. Developments in cultural neuroscience are enabling the field of communication to grow its credibility as scientists give credence to biological and social factors that influence how we think, communicate, and interact we each other.

True

How can we become culturally competent leaders?

We can become culturally competent leaders when we understand the interconnection between culture and communication.

Someone from an Asian country can practice Western thinking. a) no answer text provided b) no answer text provided c) false d) true

d) true

There are two forms of perceiving: a) inductive and deductive b) linear and systemic

b) linear and systemic

______ is a field of study that attempts to understand the connection between the human brain and human behavior. a) communication b) neuroscience c) sociology d) psychology

b) neuroscience

The degree to which a collective encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others. a) Power distance b) Uncertainty avoidance c) Collectivism-Individualism d) Humane Orientation

d) Humane Orientation

Spain is a part of which cluster? a) Anglo b) Nordic Europe c) Eastern Europe d) Latin Europe

d) Latin Europe

Which of the following is not a Confucian country? a) China b) Taiwan c) Japan d) Thailand

d) Thailand

Which of the following is not a leadership style according to the GLOBE study? a) All styles of leadership according to GLOBE b) autonomous c) Humane style d) Transformational Style

d) Transformational Style

Which of the following is a cultural myth in working in diverse teams? a) having experience living abroad makes you adapt to difference b) technical expertise will rise above difference c) thinking others will have to adapt to you d) all of the above

d) all of the above

mammalian

emotions, connections, reward

Communication is grounded in: a) cultural and social norms b) values c) beliefs d) attitudes e) behaviors. f) all of the above

f) All of the above. Communication is grounded in cultural and social norms, values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors.

The major tenets of Buddhism are: a) Suffering exists (Dukkha). There are many causes of universal suffering. b) There is a cause for suffering (Samudaya). We all seek things that do not bring us fulfillment. c) The transcend life is to be reincarnated (nirvana). People are reborn in a different context. d) There is an end to suffering (nirodha). To be free, we must find NIrvana, which is the final state of being liberated from the cycle of death and rebirth. e) To end suffering, we must follow the Eightfold Path (Magga). This consists of discernment/wisdom, virtue/morality, and concentration/meditation. f) all of the above g) none of these

f) all of the above

Select all that apply. The major tenets of Hinduism are: a) the reincarnation of the soul--there are many rebirths until one's karma have been resolved and the soul is liberated b) The belief that the universe is undergoing and an endless cycle of recreation. c) The belief in many divine beings from the supernatural. d) the belief in the divinity of the four Vedas (a collection of inspired songs) e) both a and b f) only a g) all of the above h) none of these

g) all of the above

immune system

how our body fights off infections and diseases

reptilian brain

survival instinct

metabolic system

the biochemical process of how the body converts what we eat or drink into energy

What are norms?

unstated rules are the accepted or unaccepted ways of behaving and interacting with people