COM4461

High context collectivistic cultures generally prefer which type of communication styles? a) Direct and instrumental. b) Indirect and affective. c) Indirect and instrumental. d) Direct and affective.

b) Indirect and affective

The total accumulation of our roles constitutes our ______. a) voluntary groups b) social identity c) role hierarchy d) membership groups

b) social identity

In cultures that employ a personal style, the social context dictates word choice, especially personal pronouns. True False

False

In cultures with a strong uncertainty avoidance orientation, uncertainty is seen as a normal part of life, where each day is accepted as it comes. True False

False

People with a monochronic time (or M-time) orientation allow the natural context to guide behaviors and stress multiple activities with little emphasis on scheduling. True False

False

People with a polychronic time (or P-time) orientation emphasize schedules—the compartmentalization and segmentation of measurable units of time. True False

False

The 1974 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, also known as the Buckley Amendment, allows colleges and universities to disclose academic records without student approval. True False

False

The United States is regarded as a high-contact culture, whereas many Asian countries are considered moderate contact. True False

False

Within a low-context culture, interactants primarily will look to the physical, sociorelational, and perceptual environment for information. True False

False

A person in the United States with ancestry originating from an Arabic-speaking country is classified as White by The U.S. Census Bureau. True False

True

According to the Stereotype Content Model, an individual's stereotypes about others are based on the two judgments of warmth and competence. True False

True

Although the need for privacy is innate and universal, the degree to which an individual human feels the need for seclusion varies considerably across cultures. True False

True

An out-group is a group whose attributes are dissimilar from those of the in-group, or that opposes the accomplishment of the in-group's goals. True False

True

As a culture, Asian Americans traditionally place more importance on the group than on the individual. True False

True

Chomsky argues that all human languages share a universal grammar that is innate in the human species and culturally invariant. True False

True

Cultures with a smaller power distance emphasize that inequalities among people should be minimized. True False

True

In China, a dominant cultural value is filial piety (obedience to parents, respect for parents, honoring of ancestors). True False

True

In a low-context communication, the verbal code is the primary source of information. True False

True

In collectivistic cultures, familial relations are typically hierarchical and the decision-making process usually is not democratic. True False

True

In many Asian cultures, such as South Korea, Vietnam, and Japan, direct eye contact is prohibited between persons of differing status. True False

True

Many individualistic, low-context, small power distance cultures profess equality and minimize role stratification. True False

True

Most cognitive psychologists argue that all people, regardless of culture, engage in categorization and that it is a necessary part of everyday life. True False

True

Nonnative accents are associated with a wide range of negative stereotypes, including perceptions that the people who speak them are less intelligent, less loyal, less competent, and lower in social status. True False

True

Other traits that can distinguish a microcultural group include language or distinctive dress habits. True False

True

Persons in Western cultures tend to classify objects into discrete categories based on their similarity while persons in Eastern cultures tend to classify objects into categories based on their relationships. True False

True

Research indicates that by 6 months of age, babies in all cultures begin to use gestures to communicate to their parents. True False

True

Roles prescribe with whom, about what, and how to interact with others. True False

True

Some languages, called tonal languages, rely on vocalized tones to communicate meaning. True False

True

The U.S. government coined the term Native American during the civil rights movement of the 1960s. True False

True

The principle of linguistic determinism posits that the way one thinks is determined by the language one speaks. True False

True

To be able to read a Japanese newspaper, one would need to know and understand at least 2,000 basic characters. True False

True

Violations of our nonverbal expectancies (i.e., someone standing too close) trigger arousal. True False

True

Voluntary membership groups are those to which people consciously choose to belong, including political affiliation and religion, among others. True False

True

Which of the following countries has a compulsory military service requirement for women and where women constitute a third of all soldiers and just over half of military officers? a) Israel b) China c) Kenya d) Mexico

a) Israel

The Hispanic/Latino population in the United States is largely of ______. a) Mexican origin b) Cuban origin c) Central American origin d) Puerto Rico origin

a) Mexican origin

Which of the following statements best describes a polychronic time orientation? a) Time is not tangible, multiple activities can be performed simultaneously, and little emphasis is placed on scheduling. b) Time is compartmentalized but multiple activities can be performed simultaneously. c) Time is compartmentalized, schedules are paramount, and time is tangible and valuable. d) Multiple activities can be performed simultaneously, but scheduling is paramount.

a) Time is not tangible, multiple activities can be performed simultaneously, and little emphasis is placed on scheduling.

According to Hall's classification of social distances, personal space is defined as ______. a) a comfortable distance that is about an "arm's length" b) public distance that is reserved for public speaking situations c) that which is reserved for intimate contact, including touching d) the spacing people practice at social gatherings and in working situations

a) a comfortable distance that is about an "arm's length"

A key communicative component of Native American interaction is ______. a) all mentioned here b) proxemics c) the use of silence collectivism

a) all mentioned here

In many cultures, microcultural group status is often determined by one's membership in ______. a) sex and racial groups b) educational classes c) political organizations d) family clans

a) sex and racial groups

Ethnocentrism is a belief in ______. a) the degree to which one sees his or her culture as superior b) the moral or intellectual superiority of men over women c) the moral or intellectual superiority of one race over another d) the universality of racism

a) the degree to which one sees his or her culture as superior

According to Westin's classification of privacy, solitude refers to ______. a) the state of being free from observation of others b) the state of being unknown, even in a crowd c) the state in which a person employs barriers to control unwanted intrusion d) a state of being with another person, but free from the outside world

a) the state of being free from observation of others

Which of the following statements best summarizes the Muted Group Theory? a) Muted groups possess a style of communication that is innately substandard and inferior. b) Because microcultural groups contribute little to the formulation of the dominant code, and are forced to communicate within the dominant mode of expression, they become muted. c) Because microcultural groups contribute to the formulation of the dominant code, but are unable to use it, they become muted. d) Groups become muted because they lack the intellectual and phonological structures for language.

b) Because microcultural groups contribute little to the formulation of the dominant code, and are forced to communicate within the dominant mode of expression, they become muted

Which of the following statements best describes a collectivistic culture? a) People communicate using a restricted code. b) Stresses values that serve the in-group. c) Emphasis is placed on individuals' goals over group goals. d) People are taught to be creative, self-reliant, competitive, and assertive.

b) Stresses values that serve the in-group

Which of the following statements best describes a monochronic time orientation? a) Time is not tangible, multiple activities can be performed simultaneously, and little emphasis is placed on scheduling. b) Time is compartmentalized, schedules are paramount, and time is tangible and valuable. c) Multiple activities can be performed simultaneously, but scheduling is paramount. d) Time is compartmentalized but multiple activities can be performed simultaneously.

b) Time is compartmentalized, schedules are paramount, and time is tangible and valuable.

Which of the following statements best describes an elaborated code? a) a code wherein the options are unlimited as to what a speaker can say or do verbally b) a code wherein speakers can choose from among a variety of linguistic options to communicate c) a code wherein the symbol system is not generative d) a code wherein the options are limited as to what a speaker can say or do verbally

b) a code wherein speakers can choose from among a variety of linguistic options to communicate

Which of the following statements best describes an affective style of communication? a) a style where messages are constructed to influence others and maintain one's face b) a style where messages are receiver and process oriented c) a style where the quantity of talk is not emphasized d) a style where the quantity of talk is accented

b) a style where messages are receiver and process oriented

Some psychologists believe that stereotyping is an automatic information-processing strategy, meaning that ______. a) stereotyping is a subset of categorization with an added attitudinal component b) stereotyping is an unintentional and/or instinctive activation of thoughts that have been learned through repeated stimulation c) most people are innately prejudiced against people different from themselves d) stereotyping is intentional and requires the conscious attention of the information processor

b) stereotyping is an unintentional and/or instinctive activation of thoughts that have been learned through repeated stimulation

Perception is defined as ______. a) the short-term cognitive processing of information b) the mental interpretation of external stimuli via sensation c) the long-term cognitive processing of information d) the cognitive interpretation of selective attention

b) the mental interpretation of external stimuli via sensation

Cultures that favor a succinct style of communication ______. a) are usually individualistic and high context b) value the use of concise talk and silence c) say no more or less than is needed d) prefer personalized and often exaggerated speech

b) value the use of concise talk and silence

The phenomena known as the own-race bias--that is, that people recognize the faces of others of their own race better than they do the faces of others of a different race--occurs because a) people in all cultures are racists b) when viewing cross-race faces, people focus more on the other's race than on individual identity c) people prefer to interact with people of their own race d) people prefer to interact with people of other races

b) when viewing cross-race faces, people focus more on the other's race than on individual identity

Which of the following countries is considered large power distance? a) Finland b) Great Britain c) Mexico d) Scotland

c) Mexico

Which of the following countries is the most individualistic? a) Russia b) Brazil c) United States d) Japan

c) United States

Which of the following terms refers to the study of communication with the body, including the use of hands, arms, legs, and face, to send messages? a) proxemics b) haptics c) kinesics d) paralanguage

c) kinesics

In high-context and collectivistic cultures, nonverbal greeting rituals often differ according to: a) perceptions of smell and haptics b) the perception and use of gestures c) one's social status d) violations of expectancies

c) one's social status

Some of the finest perfumes in the world contain olfactory hints of ______. a) hair b) sweat c) urine d) vomit

c) urine

Which one of the following countries is considered a low-context culture? a) China b) Spain c) Vietnam d) Germany

d) Germany

The largest microcultural group in the United States is ______. a) Arab Americans b) Asian Americans c) African Americans d) Hispanics/Latinos

d) Hispanics/Latinos

Which of the following statements best describes an instrumental style of communication? a) a style where the quantity of talk is accented b) a style where messages are receiver and process oriented c) a style where the quantity of talk is not emphasized d) a style where messages are constructed to influence others and maintain one's face

d) a style where messages are constructed to influence others and maintain one's face

A group whose norms, values, and aspirations shape the behaviors of its members is called ______. a) a racial group b) an out-group c) a voluntary nonmembership group d) an in-group

d) an in-group

Classifying, sorting, or arranging information into identifiable compartments that share certain features or characteristics is called ______. a) sensory reproduction b) sensory replication c) iconic perception d) categorization

d) categorization

One reason for cross-cultural differences in perception is due to ______. a) short-term memory loss b) long-term memory loss c) interference d) conditions in the physical environment

d) conditions in the physical environment

Microcultural group members generally practice ______. a) exogamy b) polygamy c) polygyny d) endogamy

d) endogamy

Persons in cultures with little formal education tend to remember information based on its a) uniqueness b) novelty c) organization of unrelated items d) functionality

d) functionality

Which of the following types of cultures emphasize individual goals over group goals? a) high-context cultures b) small power distance cultures c) large power distance cultures d) individualistic cultures

d) individualistic cultures

When using a direct style of communication, ______. a) true understanding is implicit and nonverbal b) people generate more sentences. c) people only hint at their intentions d) people communicate overt expressions of intention

d) people communicate overt expressions of intention

In general, high-context collectivistic cultures possess ______. a) loose social differentiation b) strict social cohesion c) loose social positioning d) strict hierarchical role stratification

d) strict hierarchical role stratification

The amount of information contained or perceived in the environment per some unit of time is also referred to as ______. a) one's monochronic time orientation b) one's polychronic time orientation c) the built environment d) the information rate

d) the information rate

The tendency for people to see members of an out-group as less diverse and more stereotypic than the members of that in-group see themselves is called ______. a) the out-group correlation effect b) the illusory homogeneity effect c) the illusory correlation principle d) the out-group homogeneity effect

d) the out-group homogeneity effect

Many Western societies believe that nature is ______. a) random, chaotic, and disorderly b) an omnipotent force that is unmanageable c) consistent, orderly, and cyclical d) to be controlled, domesticated, and subjugated

d) to be controlled, domesticated, and subjugated

The nuclear family is prevalent in most ______. a) low-context individualistic cultures b) high-context collectivistic cultures c) high-context individualistic cultures d) low-context collectivistic cultures

low-context individualistic cultures