Combo with "EMT Basic Chapter 32" and 3 others

Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock.

. 25%

Clouding of the lenses of the eyes is called:

. cataracts

Syncope in the older patient is:

. caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain.

When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the:

. start of one to the start of the next.

The suture of the anterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age, and the suture of the posterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age.

18, 6

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20-kg child?

20 g

An abortion occurs when the fetus and placenta deliver before:

20 weeks.

Preeclampsia MOST commonly occurs after the ____ week of gestation.

30th

Febrile seizures are MOST common in children between:

6 months and 6 years.

A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as:

6 months.

Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than:

6 years.

Which of the following statements regarding a 3-month-old infant is correct?

A 3-month-old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger.

Which of the following statements regarding a breech presentation is MOST correct?

A breech presentation occurs when the buttocks are the presenting part.

Which of the following statements regarding a decreased level of consciousness in the elderly patient is correct?

A decreased level of consciousness is not a normal part of the aging process.

You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. His pulse is slow and bounding. You should:

B. assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center.

An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious, but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. You should:

B. be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital.

While examining a woman in labor, you see the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina. You should:

C. push the infant's head away from the cord.

Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is correct?

Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries.

A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by:

D. age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the exact extent and prevalence of elder abuse is unknown?

Human resource agencies fail to investigate.

Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct?

If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head.

Which of the following statements regarding suicide in the older patient is correct?

Older patients tend to use more lethal means than younger patients.

Which of the following observations or statements represents the "E" in the GEMS diamond?

The patient's residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater.

Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is correct?

They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year.

Osteoporosis is MOST accurately defined as:

a decrease in bone mass and density.

You receive a call for a sick person. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 75-year-old male, lying unresponsive in his bed. His respirations are slow and irregular and his pulse is slow and weak. His daughter tells you that he fell the day before, but refused to allow her to call 9-1-1. His past medical history is significant for hypothyroidism, deep vein thrombosis, heavy alcohol use, and liver cirrhosis. His medications include blood thinners and vitamins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

a subdural hematoma.

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:

absent urine output.

A specific legal document that directs relatives and caregivers regarding the medical treatment that may be given to patients who cannot speak for themselves is called a:

advance directive.

Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by:

alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions.

During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS:

allow the family to observe if they wish.

The components of the PAT are:

appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation.

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler:

at the feet.

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should:

attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport.

When faced with a situation in which an older patient with a terminal illness is in cardiac arrest, but written documentation regarding the patient's wishes cannot be located, the EMT should:

attempt to resuscitate the patient.

When documenting a case of suspected elder abuse, it is MOST important for the EMT to:

avoid documenting any unsupported opinions.

Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of:

bleeding in the brain.

When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-mask device, the EMT should:

block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise.

The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is:

bradycardia

The chief component of connective tissues and bones that deteriorates as people age is called:

collagen

With age, the spine stiffens as a result of shrinkage of the intervertebral disc spaces, and the vertebrae become brittle. This increases the risk of:

compression fractures.

Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse?

consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cyanosis

A common cause of shock in an infant is:

dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea.

The slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function is known as:

dementia

When inserting an oropharyngeal airway in an infant or child, you should:

depress the tongue with a tongue depressor.

When assessing a geriatric patient who has possibly experienced an acute ischemic stroke, it is MOST important to:

determine the onset of the patient's symptoms.

Upon arriving at the residence of an elderly female who apparently fainted, you find the patient lying supine on her living room floor. She is not moving and her eyes are closed. A neighbor tells you that she found the patient this way, but did not move her. When you talk to the patient, she does not respond. You should:

direct your partner to manually stabilize her head while you open her airway and ensure that her oropharynx is clear of secretions or blood.

If a pregnant patient requires spinal immobilization, you should secure her to the backboard and then:

elevate the right side of the board with rolled towels or blankets.

After a baby is born, it is important to:

ensure that it is thoroughly dried and warmed.

Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an unconscious infant or child, you must:

ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions.

General communication techniques with the elderly include:

frequently asking the patient if he or she understands.

In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by:

generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase.

Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she:

has a history suggestive of a serious illness.

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should:

have a female EMT remain with her if possible.

An elderly patient may understate or minimize the symptoms of his or her illness because:

he or she fears hospitalization.

The leading cause of death in the geriatric patient is:

heart disease.

Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hyperglycemia

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hyperglycemia

Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the:

intercostal muscles are not well developed.

In contrast to delirium, dementia:

is usually considered irreversible.

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:

is wrapped around the baby's neck.

The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child:

may not be possible if the child's condition is critical.

A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect:

moderate dehydration.

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the:

neonatal period.

After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should:

not rule out compensated shock.

Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is:

older than 8 to 10 years.

Findings during the social assessment of an older patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

outdated medications.

An older woman with osteoporosis presents with pain and deformity to her left hip after she shifted her weight onto her other foot. She has MOST likely experienced a:

pathologic fracture.

After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should:

perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs.

Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indications of ____________ elder abuse.

physical

A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing scant vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should:

place her in a left lateral recumbent position.

The use of multiple prescription drugs by a single patient, causing the potential for negative effects such as overdosing or drug interaction, is called:

polypharmacy.

Upon delivery of the baby's head, you note that its face is encased in the unruptured amniotic sac. You should:

puncture the sac and suction the baby's mouth and nose.

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS?

putting a baby to sleep on his or her back

When performing your secondary assessment on an older patient who has been injured, it is important to:

recall that it will take a less severe mechanism of injury to cause significant injuries.

When an elderly patient presents you with multiple over-the-counter medications that he or she is taking, it is MOST important to:

recall that the patient is at risk for negative medication interactions.

Blood levels of medications may rise in the elderly, sometimes to toxic levels. This is MOST likely due to:

renal insufficiency.

Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient?

sexual activity

You are dispatched to a residence for an 80-year-old female who fell. When you arrive, you find the patient conscious, lying in a recumbent position on the floor in her living room. In addition to providing the appropriate treatment, you should ask the patient if:

she became dizzy or fainted before falling.

Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse.

shins

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the:

size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact.

You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is not moving and does not appear to be conscious or breathing. You should:

stabilize his head and open his airway.

If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may:

stimulate the vagus nerve.

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

sunken fontanelles.

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should:

talk to the child, not just the caregiver.

The pediatric patient should be removed from his or her car seat and secured to an appropriate spinal immobilization device if:

the car seat is visibly damaged.

A 69-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She is semiconscious with a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg and a heart rate of 74 beats/min that is weak. Her daughter, who was uninjured in the crash, tells you that her mother has a history of hypertension and takes beta-blockers. Considering the fact that this patient is probably in shock, what is the MOST likely explanation for the absence of tachycardia?

the effects of her antihypertensive medication

When a child experiences a blunt chest injury:

the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking.

When caring for a geriatric patient with a traumatic injury, it is important to consider that:

the injury may have been preceded by a medical condition.

A 77-year-old female presents with an acute onset of altered mental status. Her son is present and advises that she has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. He further advises that she takes numerous medications and that she is normally alert. When you assess this patient, it is important to note that:

the patient is experiencing delirious behavior, which suggests a new health problem.

Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when:

the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava.

A "silent" heart attack occurs when:

the usual chest pain is not present.

Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because:

their bones bend more easily than an adult's.

Many older victims of physical abuse may make false statements or lie about the origin of their injuries because:

they fear retribution from the abuser.

When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that:

they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure

When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that:

they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure.

Common causes of syncope in older patients include all of the following, EXCEPT:

vasoconstriction.

The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is:

vomiting and diarrhea.

Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include:

weak distal pulses.

Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

wheezing