Combo with "Music Appreciation Pt. 1" and 1 other

The third movement of la primavera is ____ like

Dance

Minuet is listening and not for ____

Dancing

Period ends with

Death of js Bach

Which piece was written for girls in a boarding school

Dido and aenas

What is an example of an Aria?

Dido's Lament

A melodic recitative accompanied by basso continuo with a sorrowful mood

Didos lament

Which piece contains a chromatically descending bass

Didos lament

Outdoor entertainment pieces

Divertimentos and serenades

First, or stressed, beat of a measure

Downbeat

the development is

Dramatic

Which of the following oratorios is not by Handel?

Elijah

Dynamics express____

Emotions

Composer may use a brief pause to show the _______ _ _ ______

End of a theme

Handel spent the major portion of his life in

England

Classical is the age of _____

Enlightenment

Between presentations in a subject there are transitional periods in a fugue called

Episodes

What was the first known opera

Euridice

Orpheus goes to Hades in the hope of bringing __________ back to life.

Eurydice

The middle baroque was characterized by

Expansion throughout europe

Aria

Expresses emotion (show off time for singer)

Because of its character, the rondo most often serves as a

FINALE

Castrato singer

Faranelli

What are the four movements of classical forms

Fast, slow, dancelike, fast

4 movements of a classical symphony

Fast, slow, dancelike, heroic

What is the speed of concerto grosso movements usually

Fast, slow, fast

What are movements of chamber music

Fast, slow, minuet or scherzo, fast

A pause

Fermata

Where is the ritornello usually used

First and last movements of concerto grosso

Baroque is know for ____ lifestyle

Flamboyant

Rhythm is _____

Flexible

Where did the Renaissance take place

Florence

Rise of Opera was the result of

Florentine camerata seaking to revive Greek tragedies

Mood

Fluctuates in mood

Emphasis on way chords _____ _____

Follow eachother

Baroque suites frequently begin with a

French overture

De capo

From the beginning

Bach used his name as a _____ subject

Fugue

What is this in : each voice enters after previous voice has completed presenting the subject

Fugue

The foremost composer of fourteenth-century France was

GUillame de machaut

What ethnicity was Bach?

German

The number of musicians in a classical orchestra was _______ than in a baroque orchestra

Greater

What was the official music of the Roman Catholic Church?

Gregorian Chant

Repeated musical idea in the bass

Ground bass

Who is the concerto grosso for

Group of soloists and orchestra

Who had an opera company

Handel

Usually in ABA form and triple meter but it moves quickly in comparison to a minuet, generating energy, rhythmic drive, and tough humor

Scherzo

Which school developed rhythm first?

School of Notre Dame

Recitatives accompanied only by basso continuo

Secco recitatives

Closing section is in key of ___ key

Second

The ________ movement of Haydn's Surprise Symphony is in theme-and-variations form.

Second

What are episodes in little fugue

Sections of contrasting musical material

Operas were ___

Secular

A work that is usually light in mood and meant for entertainment

Serenade

What type of structures was late Romanesque?

Sharp point objects

The second movement of la primavera is

Slow and soft

_______ _________ was an important factor in the rise of the middle class

Social mobility

What is the contrast between in the ritornello

Solo sections and tutti (whole orchestra)

Where was palestrina a music director?

St Peters

Monteverdi spent the greater part of his career in the most important church post in Italy, that of

St. Mark's, Venice

When a subject is imitated before its completed in a fugue

Stretto

Four parts of a classics orchestra are

Strings woodwinds brass and percussion

The middle baroque consisted of musical ____ ________

Style spreading through Europe

What is the main theme in a fugue

Subject

What is the dynamic of baroque music

Sudden volume changes

What are the three types of text setting?

Syllabic, Nematic, Melismatic

Accenting of a note at an unexpected time, as between two beats or on a weak beat. Syncopation is a major characteristic of jazz

Syncopation

3 movement word for instrumental soloists and orchestra

The classical concerto

What is the type of composition where a basic musical idea is repeated over and over but modulated

Theme and variations

A concerto grosso is usually __ movements

Three

Form that can be represented as statement (A); contrast (B); return of statement (A)

Three-part form (A B A)

What was the one percussion instrument in baroque orchestra?

Timpani

Coda is in ___ key

Tonic

First theme is in ____ key

Tonic

Quieter than minuet and requires less instruments

Trio

Usually played by 3 instruments

Trio

Minuet is in ____ meter and _____ tempo

Triple moderate

ToF. There are constant changes in moods

True

Bachs father was a _____ and ____

Trumpeter and violinist

An example of a recitative is

Tu se morta from orfeo

Melody is _____,____,_____

Tuneful balances folk

Form that can be represented as statement and counterstatement (B)

Two-part form (A B)

The first opera house in Europe to offer entry to anyone with the price of admission opened in 1637 in

Venice

Vivaldi is closely identified with the musical life of

Venice

Where did the first opera house open

Venice

What was the major music center in europe

Vienna

What was the seat of Holy Roman Empire in 1800

Vienna

What instrumental family was was the orchestra based on?

Violin

Bach played the

Violin and organ

Who had a huge influence on bach

Vivaldi

Who taught music at a girls orphanage

Vivaldi

Who was the model for all baroque artists?

Vivaldi

Does text painting continue

Yes

An all vocal pieces called an

a capella

Key refers to

a central tone, chord, and scale

A combination of three or more tones sounded at the same time is called

a chord

becoming faster

accelerando

Instrument consisting of a bellows between two keyboards whose sound is produced by air pressure that causes free steel reeds to vibrate

accordion

Oratorio differs from opera in that it has no

acting, scenery, or costumes

A melody is said to move by steps if it moves by

adjacent scale tones

In the recapitulation of a sonata-form movement

all the principal material is in the tonic key

Which of the following temp indications is the slowest

allegretto

female voice of low range

alto (contralto)

When individual notes are stressed by being played louder or longer than surrounding notes they are said to have

an accent

Music can be defined as

an art based on the organization of sounds in time

Bach achieves unity of mood in his compositions by using

an insistent rhythmic drive

The distance in pitch between any two tones is called

an interval

Handel's Messiah is an example of

an oratorio

Most early baroque operas were based on Greek mythology and

ancient history

When the individual tones of a chord are sounded one after another instead of simultaneously, it is called a broken chord or

arpeggio

What was the new type of music in the middle ages called?

ars nova

prestissimo

as fast as possible

Male voice range lower than a tenor and higher than a bass

baritone

Brass instrument similar in shape to the tuba, with a higher range, commonly used in bands

baritone horn

Male voice of low range

bass

Member of the clarinet family, having a low range. Its shape is curved at the end before flaring into a bell

bass clarinet

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, the largest of the orchestral drums

bass drum

Monteverdi's vocal music was ordinarily supported by a ______________________ and other instruments.

basso continuo

Double-reed woodwind instrument, made of wood, having a low range

bassoon

Many conductors use a thin stick called a ___ to beat time and indicate pulse and tempo

baton

Horizontal line connecting the flags of several eighth notes or sixteenth notes in succession, to facilitate reading these notes

beam

The regular pulsation that divides music into equal units of time is known as a/n

beat

The form consisting of a musical state,ent followed by a counterstatement would be called

binary

slightly curved stick strung tightly with horsehair, used to play string instruments

bow

In the recording of the medieval estampie, the melody line is played on a rebec, a

bowed string instrument

Instrument, made of brass or silver, whose sound is produced by the vibrations of player's lips as one blows into a cup or funnel shaped mouthpiece. The vibrations are amplified and colored in a tube that is flared at the end

brass instrument

Sounding of the individual tones of a chord in sequence rather than simultaneously

broken chord

The strings of a violin are tuned

by tightening or loosening the pegs

A resting place at the end of a phrase is called a

cadence

An unaccompanied showpiece for the concerto's soloist is known as a

cadenza

A sung piece, or choral work with or without vocal soloists, usually with orchestral accompaniment, is the

cantata

Percussion instrument of definite pitch, with metal bars that are struck by hammers controlled by a keyboard

celesta

String instrument with a range lower than that of the viola and higher than that of the double bass

cello (violoncello)

The concertmaster in a modern symphony orchestra

checks the tuning of the orchestra before the conductor appears, sits at the conductor's immediate left, & plays any solo violin passages in the composition

Percussion instrument of definite pitch, with suspended metal tubes that are struck with a hammer

chimes

The _______ is a Lutheran congregational hymn tune.

chorale

The ___________ is an instrumental composition based on a chorale.

chorale prelude

An element of the oratorio that is especially important and serves to comment on or participate in the drama is the

chorus

The focus of a Handel oratorio is usually the

chorus

Scale including all twelve tones of the octave; each tone is a half step away from the next one

chromatic scale

In the baroque period, the ordinary citizen's opportunities for hearing music usually came from the

church

What type of architecture was early Romanesque?

circular structures

Single-reed woodwind instrument with a beakshaped mouthpiece, cylindrical in shape with a slightly flared bell

clarinet

A popular keyboard instrument in which sound was produced by means of brass blades striking the strings was the

clavichord

Symbol placed at the beginning of the staff to show the exact pitch of notes placed on each line and space

clef

The ____ shows the pitch of each line and space on the staff

clef

The emotional focal point of a melody is called the

climax

Definite resting place, giving a sense of finality, at the end of a phrase in a melody

complete cadence

Tools used to synthesize music, to help composers write scores, to store samples of audio signals, and to control synthesizing mechanisms

computer

composition including sounds generated and manipulated by computer

computer music

Principal first violinist in a symphony orchestra

concertmaster

Leader of a performing group of musicians

conductor

A combination of tones that is considered stable and restful is called a

consonance

tone combination that is stable and restful

consonance

Changes in musical style from one historical period to the next are usually

continuous

Double-reed woodwind instrument with a register one octave lower than that of the bassoon

contrabassoon

The lowest instrument in the orchestra is the

contrabassoon

Striking differences of pitch, dynamics, rhythm, and tempo that provide variety and change of mood

contrast

Brass instrument similar in shape to the trumpet, with a mellower tone

cornet

The technique of combining several melodic lines into a meaningful whole is called

counterpoint

technique of combining two or more melodic lines into a meaningful whole

counterpoint

Repetition is a technique widely used in music because it

creates a sense of unity, helps engrave a melody in the memory, & provides a feeling of balance & symmetry

A gradual increase in loudness is known as a

crescendo

The frequency of vibrations is measured in

cycles per second.

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a pair of metal plates, played by striking the plates against each other

cymbals

Much of the instrumental music composed during the Renaissance was intended for

dancing

Beethoven greatly expanded the _____________ section of the sonata-form movement and made it more dramatic.

development

A combination of tones that is considered unstable and tense is called a

dissonance

To achieve intensity of expression, Monteverdi used _________ with unprecedented freedom and daring

dissonance

Tone combination that is unstable and tense

dissonance

Resolution refers to a(n)

dissonant chord moving to a consonant chord

Symphonic bands differ from symphonic orchestras in that they

do not contain a string section

The triad built on the fifth step of the scale is called the

dominant chord

Triad built on the fifth note of the scale, which sets up tension that is resolved by the tonic chord

dominant chord

note with a dot to the right of it. This dot increases the note's undotted duration by half

dotted note

Long-short rhythmic pattern in which a dotted note is followed by a note that is much shorter

dotted rhythm

Largest string instrument, having the lowest range of the string family

double bass (bass)

Instruments whose sound is produced by two narrow pieces of cane held between the player's lips; these pieces vibrate when the player blows between them

double-reed woodwinds

In a recorded music, the insertion of sounds, which may themselves be live or prerecorded, that then become part of the resulting piece of music

dubbing

Pattern of 2 beats to the measure

duple meter

When a measure has two beats, it is said to be in

duple meter

Degrees of loudness and softness in music are called

dynamics

One of the most revolutionary periods in music history was the

early baroque

Instrument whose sound is produced, modified, or amplified by electronic means

electronic instrument

Ornamental tones that are either improvised by the performer or indicated in the music by signs or notes in small print

embellishments

A dynamic accent occurs in music when a performer

emphasizes a tone by playing it more loudly than the tones around it

double-reed woodwind instrument, slightly larger than the oboe and with a lower range, striaght in shape with an egg-shaped bell

english horn

What is the dance music of the middle ages?

estampie

Brass instrument similar in shape to the tuba and the baritone horn, with a higher range than the tuba's, commonly used in bands

euphonium

allegro

fast

The usual order of movements in a classical symphony is

fast, slow, dance, fast

The usual order of movements in a classical string quartet is

fast, slow, minuet or scherzo, fast

A pause in the score of a concerto is indicated by a

fermata

Sonata form is used frequently as the form for the ________ movement of a multimovement work.

first

Wavy line attached to the stem on a note, indicating how long that note is to be held relative to the notes around it

flag

Symbol which notate a pitch one half step lower than the pitch that would otherwise be indicated

flat sign

Woodwind instrument, usually made of metal, with a high range, whose tone is produced by blowing across the edge of a mouth hole

flute

Frederick the Great, king of Prussia, was a

flutist, general, and composer

The organization of musical ideas in time is called

form

organization of musical ideas in time

form

Baroque trio sonatas usually involve ________ performers.

four

In Bach's day, the Lutheran church service lasted about _____ hour(s).

four

Of Bach's twenty children, ____________ went on to become well-known composers.

four

Brass instrument of medium range, whose tube is coiled into roughly circular shape and fitted with valves; commonly used in symphony orchestras and in bands

french horn

The pitch of a sound is decided by the ____ of its vibrations

frequency

The pitch of a sound is decided by the _____________ of its vibrations.

frequency

Before the nineteenth century, the beat was

given by the first violinist, the keyboard player, or both

percussion instrument of definite pitch, made up of flat metal bars set in a frame and played by striking with small metal hammers

glockenspiel

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, made up of a large flat metal plate that is suspended and struck with a mallet

gong

crescendo

gradually louder

decrescendo (diminuendo)

gradually softer

Combination of the treble and bass staves, used in keyboard music to encompass the wide range of pitches produced by both hands

grand staff

Plucked string instrument with six strings stretched along a fretted fingerboard

guitar

Adding a dot to a note increases its duration by

half

In traditional western music, the ____ is the smallest interval between successive tones of a scale

half step

The very high-pitched tones that are produced when a string player lightly touches certain points on a string are called

harmonics

____ in music adds support, depth, and richness to a melody

harmony

Plucked string instrument, consisting of strings stretched within a triangular frame

harp

Keyboard instrument, widely used from about 1500 to 1775 whose sound is produced by plectra that pluck its wire strings.

harpsichord

In general, the smaller the vibrating element, the ______ its pitch

higher

a C# is ____ than C

higher

When there is one main melody accompanied by chords, the texture is

homophonic

Term describing music in which one main melody is accompanied by chords

homophonic texture

The early baroque was characterized by

homophonic texture

The bow that string players usually use to produce sound on their instruments is a slightly curved stick strung tightly with

horsehair

Musical texture refers to

how layers of sound are related to each other

An example of homophonic texture could be a

hymn, a simple song harmonized by chords, & folksinger accompanied by a guitar

Presentation of a melodic idea by one voice or instrument that is immediately followed by its restatement by another voice or instrument, as in a round

imitation

When a melodic idea is presented by one voice or instrument and then restated immediately by another voice or instrument, the technique is called

imitation

Creation of music at the same time as it is performed

improvisation

Legato refers to playing or singing a melody

in a smooth, connected style

A melodic phrase ending that sets up expectations for continuation is known as a(n)

incomplete cadence

Inconclusive resting point at the end of a phrase, which sets up expectations for the following phrases

incomplete cadence

A classical concerto is a three-movement work for

instrumental soloist and orchestra

A major factor that distinguishes chamber music from the symphony or concerto is that chamber music

is performed by one player per part

Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass sounds fuller than Josquin's Ave Maria because

it is set for six voices instead of four

Who performed secular music?

jongleurs

Central note, scale, and chord within a piece, in relationship to which all other tones in the composition are heard

key (tonality)

Sharp or flat signs immediately following the clef sign at the beginning of a piece of music, indicating the key in which the music is to be played

key signature

Instrument-such as the piano, organ, or harpsichord-played by pressing a series of keys with the fingers

keyboard instrument

Central tone of a melody or larger piece of music. When a piece is in the key of C major

keynote (tonic)

Interval larger than that between two adjacent tones in the scale

leap

Short, horizontal lines above or below the staff, used to indicate a pitch that falls above or below the range indicated by the staff

ledger lines

Smooth, connected manner of performing a melody

legatto

vivace

lively

"Vivace" is a tempo indication which denotes a

lively tempo

Mass

long work that includes 5 main parts of a service

forte (f)

loud

music based on a major scale

major key

Series of seven different tones within an octave, with an eighth tone repeating the first tone an octave higher, consisting of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the whole step between the second and third tones is characteristics

major scale

Rhythmic group set off by bar lines, containing a fixed number of beats

measure

A series of single tones that add up to a recognizable whole is called a

melody

The organization of beats into regular groups is known as

meter

organization of beats into regular groups

meter

Apparatus that produces ticking sounds or flashes of light at any desired constant speed

metronome

Female voice of fairly low range, though not so low as alto

mezzo soprano

Note C nearest to the center of the piano keyboard, notated as the pitch on the ledge line below the treble clef and above the bass clef

middle C

Music based on a minor scale

minor key

Series of seven tones within an octave, with an eighth tone repeating the first tone an octave higher, composed of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the half step between the second and third tones is characteristic

minor scale

The symphonic movement usually lacking in the concerto is the

minuet or scherzo

moderato

moderate

allegretto

moderately fast

mezzo forte (mf)

moderately loud

andante

moderately slow, a walking pace

mezzo piano (mp)

moderately soft

A shift from one key to another within the same composition is called

modulation

shift from one key to another within the same piece

modulation

The first steps toward the development of polyphony were taken sometime between 700 and 900, when ____ in monastery choirs began to add a _______ melodic line to __________

monks second Gregorian Chant

Gregorian chant is ________ in texture

monophonic

The gregorian chant was _________(phonic)

monophonic

The texture of a single melodic line without accompaniment is

monophonic

Single melodic line without accompaniment

monophonic texture

Affections in baroque usage refers to

moods of music

Secular music in the fourteenth century became

more important than sacred music

what is the melismatic text setting

multiple notes to each syllable of context

word paining is when

music imitates the meaning of the words

Members of the Camerata wanted to create a new vocal style based on the

music of the ancient Greek tragedies

Number of layers of sound that are heated at once, what kinds of layers they are, and how they are related to each other

musical texture

A piece of wood or plastic that brass players use to alter the tone of their instruments is called a

mute

In oratorio, the story is carried forward by the

narrator's recitatives

Symbol used in notation of pitch to cancel a previous sharp or flat sign

natural sign

In the exposition of a sonata-form movement the second theme is in a ___ key

new

A system of writing music is known as

notation

In notation, a black or white oval to which a stem and flags can be added

note

Double-reed woodwind instrument with a relatively high range, conical in shape with a small flared bell

oboe

When two different tones blend so well when sounded together that they almost seem to merge into one tone, the interval is called a(n)

octave

What is syllabic text setting

one note per syllable of text

The sonata in the baroque period was a composition in several movements for

one to eight instruments

Bach created masterpieces in every baroque form except the

opera

Although Handel wrote a great deal of instrumental music, the core of his huge output consists of English oratorios and Italian

operas

In their use of aria, duet, and recitative, Bach's cantatas closely resembled the _______ of the time.

operas

Bach was recognized as the most eminent ___________ of his day.

organist

Medieval music that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines is called

organum

What is a two lined chant called?

organum

Embellishments are

ornamental tones improved by performers

In Italy, music schools were often connected with

orphanages

what are the two motions of organum?

paralleled and contrary

Instrument of definite or indefinite pitch whose sound is produced by striking by hand or with a stick or hammer, or by shaking or rubbing

percussion instrument

Person who plays or sings music

performer

A shorter part of a melody is called a

phrase

Part of a melody

phrase

The Italian dynamic markings traditionally used to indicate very soft, loud, and very loud are (respectively)

pianissimo, forte, fortissimo

The favored solo instrument in the classical concerto was the

piano

Widely used keyboard instrument of great range and versatility, whose sound is produced by felt-covered hammers striking against steel strings

piano

The highest woodwind instrument in the orchestra is the

piccolo

The relative highness or lowness of a sound is called

pitch

The distance between the lowest and highest tones that a voice or instrument can produce is called

pitch range

Plucking the string with the finger instead of using a bow is called

pizzicato

Small wedge of plastic, leather, or quill used to pluck the strings of certain instruments, such as the guitar, koto, and harpsichord

plectrum

The Notre Dame Mass by Guillaume de Machaut was the first __________ treatment of the mass ordinary by a known composer

polyphonic

The texture of Renaissance music is chiefly

polyphonic

When two or more melodic lines of equal interest are performed simultaneously, the texture is

polyphonic

Contrapuntal texture is sometimes used in place of the term

polyphonic texture

Performance of two or more melodic lines of relatively equal interest at the same time

polyphonic texture

A series of chords is called a(n)

progression

Pattern of 4 beats to the measure

quadruple meter

Pattern of 5 beats to the measure

quintuple meter

Visual art was more _______ in the Renaissance

realistic

Family woodwind instruments whose sound is produced by blowing in to a "whistle" mouthpiece, usually made of wood or plastic

recorder

A thin piece of cane, used singly or in pairs by woodwind players, is called a

reed

A part of an instrument's total range is called a

register

At the end of a classical exposition there usually is a

repeat sign

reiteration of a motive, phrase, or section, often used to create a sense of unity

repetition

Progression from a dissonance to a consonance

resolution

In notation of rhythm, a symbol to indicate the duration of silence in the music

rest

Ordered flow of music through time; the pattern of durations of notes and silences in music

rhythm

The notation of the secular songs of the Middle Ages does not indicate _________

rhythm

The ars nova, or new art, of the fourteenth century differed from older music in that Your response: a new system of notation permitted composers to specify almost any _______________

rhythmic pattern

A polyphonic instrumental composition employing imitation is the

ricercar

becoming slower

ritardando

Family of single-reed woodwind instruments

saxophone

Series of pitches arranged in order from low to high or high to low

scale

In many of Beethoven's works, there is a _________ movement instead of the minuet.

scherzo

Notation showing all the parts of a musical ensemble, with a separate staff for each part, and with simultaneously sounded notes aligned vertically; used by the conductor

score

Speechlike melody accompanied only by a basso continuo is called

secco recitative

Pattern of 7 beats to the measure

septuple meter

The repetition of a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch is called a

sequence

The church modes are like major and minor scales except they consists of _________ different tones

seven

Symbol which notates a pitch one half step higher than the pitch that would otherwise be indicated

sharp sign

Motet

short polyphonic choral work

Instruments whose sound is produced by a single piece of cane, or reed, fastened over a hole in the mouthpiece. The reed vibrates when the player blows into the mouthpiece

single-reed woodwinds

ABA form is typical of the minuet or scherzo movement and is also common in the

slow

adagio

slow

What kind of melodies dominated in the Renaissance

smooth stepwise melodies

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, in the shape of a cylinder with a stretched skin at either end. A "snare" of gut or metal is stretched below the lower skin and produces a rattling sound when the drum is struck

snare drum

piano (p)

soft

The first movement of a classical symphony is almost always fast, and in _______________ form.

sonata

Female voice high range

soprano

Vibrations that are transmitted, usually through air, to the eardrum, which sends impulses to the brain

sound

A short, detached style of playing a melody is known as

staccato

short, detached manner of performing a melody

staccato

In notation, a set of five horizontal lines between or on which notes are positioned

staff

The character of the minuet is best described as

stately and dignified

Ternary form can be represented as

statement, contrast, return; or A B A; or A B A'

Vertical line on a note indicating how long that note is to be held relative to the notes around it

stem

Interval between two adjacent tones in the scale

step

Means of playing a string instrument by which the box is drawn across two, three, or four strings at the same time or almost the same time

stop (double, triple, quadruple)

The first oratorios were based on

stories from the bible

A round is an example of

strict imitation

Instrument whose sound is produced by the vibration of strings

string instrument

The most important form of classical chamber music is the

string quartet

Along with his symphonies, Haydn's _____________ are considered his most important works.

string quartets

Beethoven's sixteen __________ are generally considered among the greatest music ever composed.

string quartets

Characteristic way of using melody, rhythm, tone, color, dynamics, harmony, texture, and form in music

style

Written notes were just a ______

suggestion

The music director of a court in the baroque period

supervised and directed the musical performances, composed much of the music required, was responsible for the discipline of the other musicians

Systems of electronic components that generate, modify, and control sounds are called

synthesizers

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a skin stretched across a shallow cylinder, with small circular plates set into the cylinder which jingle when the skin is struck or the cylinder is shaken

tambourine

Studio with tape recorders and other equipment used to create electronic music by modifying and combining recorded sounds

tape studio

The main tool of composers of electronics music during the 1950s was the

tape studio

Basic pace of the music

tempo

Words, usually at the beginning of a piece of music and often in Italian, which specify the pace at which the music should be played

tempo indication

Male voice of high range

tenor

Handel's oratorios are usually based on

the Old Testament

A good example of a change in musical style

the abandonment of tonality by many contemporary composers

Renaissance melodies are usually easy to sing because

the melody usually moves along a scale with few large leaps

The members of the Camerata wanted the vocal line of their music to follow

the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech

Harmony refers to

the way chords are constructed and how they follow each other

A melody that serves as the starting point for a more extended piece of music is called a

theme

A Vivaldi concerto usually has ________ movements.

three

In notation of rhythm, an arc between two notes of the same pitch indicating that the second note should not be played but should be added to the duration of the first

tie

Rhythm is the ordered flow of music through

time

The meter of a piece is shown by its

time signature

Two numbers, one above the other, appearing at the beginning of a staff or the start of a piece, indicating the meter of the piece

time signature

Percussion instruments of definite pitch, shaped like large kettles with calfskin or plastic stretched across the tops, played with soft padded mallets

timpani

Another term for key is

tonality

In music, a sound that has a definite pitch is called a

tone

Quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another

tone color

Timbre is synonymous with

tone color

The central tone around which a musical composition is organized is called the

tonic

The main theme of the rondo is usually in the ____ key

tonic

Traditionally, a composition would almost always end on a

tonic chord

Central key of a piece of music, usually both beginning and ending the piece, regardless of how many other keys are include

tonic key (home key)

The range of a singer's voice depends on

training and physical makeup

Rapid repetition of a tone, produced in string instruments by quick up and down strokes of the bow

tremolo

To evoke angry or warlike feelings in some of his texts, Monteverdi introduced new orchestral effects, including pizzicato and

tremolo

Most basic of chords, consisting of three alternate tones of the scale such as do, mi, so

triad

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a triangular length of metal suspended from a hook or cord, played by striking with a metal rod

triangle

what meter did an estampie have?

triple

Pattern of 3 beats to the measure

triple meter

In notation of rhythm, three notes of equal duration grouped within a curved line with the numeral 3, lasting only as long as two notes of the same length would normally last

triplet

Brass instrument of moderately low range, whose tube is an elongated loop with a movable slide, commonly used in symphony orchestras, bands, and jazz ensembles

trombone

who wrote secular music in the middle ages?

troubadours

T or F- secular music has instruments

true

Brass instrument with the highest range, commonly used in symphony orchestras, bands, and jazz and rock groups

trumpet

Largest brass instrument, with the lowest range, commonly used in symphony orchestras and bands

tuba

Meters with an odd number of beats in the measure, like quintuple or septuple meter, are found most commonly in

twentieth-century music

The first movement of a classical concerto has

two expositions

The French overture has

two sections- slow and fast

The classical string quartet is a musical composition for

two violins, viola, and cello

A cappella refers to

unaccompanied choral music

Performance of a single melodic line by more than one instrument or voice at the same pitch or in different octaves

unison

Performance of a single melodic line by more than one instrument or voice is described as playing or singing in

unison

Unaccented pulse preceding the downbeat

upbeat

If a string player uses vibrator by rocking the left hand to produce small pitch fluctuations it is because

using vibrator makes the tone warmer and more expressive

Retaining some features of a musical idea while changing others is called

variation

changing some features of a musical idea while retaining others

variation

presto

very fast

We know little about the music of very ancient civilizations because

very little notated music has survived from these cultures

fortissimo (ff)

very loud

largo

very slow, broad

grave

very slow, solemn

pianissimo (pp)

very soft

Small fluctuations of pitch that make the tone warmer, produced in string instruments by rocking the left hand while it presses the string down

vibrato

String instrument with a lower range than the violin and a higher range than the cello

viola

String instrument with the highest range of the string family

violin

What instruments did Bach play?

violin and oragan

The piano trio is a musical composition for

violin, cello, and piano

Vivaldi was famous and influential as a virtuoso _______

violinist

Performing artist of extraordinary technical mastery

virtuoso

Which of the following is not a part of the baroque suite?

waltz

A typical baroque operatic form was the da capo aria in ABA form in which the singer

was expected to embellish the returning melody with ornamental tone

In syncopation, a _____ is accented

weak beat

Woodwind instruments are so named because they

were originally made of wood

interval twice as large as the half step (ex. the interval between do and re)

whole step

Instrument whose sound is produced by vibrations of air in a tube; holes along the length of tube are opened and closed by the fingers; or pads; to control the pitch

woodwind instrument

Thomas Weelkes's As Vesta Was Descending is notable for its

word painting

The abbreviation op. stands for opus, Latin for

work

Percussion instrument of definite pitch, consisting of flat wooden bars set in a frame and played by striking with hard plastic or wooden hammers

xylophone

Was instrumental music still subordinate to vocal music

yes

did an estampie only have a single melody line?

yes

Ritornello means

Returning idea

Music has strong _____ drive

Rhythmic

Comic operas sometimes _________ ___ ________

Ridiculed the aristocracy

What did the early baroque begin with

Rise of opera

Palestrina's career centered in

Rome

What is the center of christianity

Rome

Where did palestrina work primarily?

Rome

An independent piece of one movement of a symphony

Rondo

Features a tuneful main theme that returns several times in alternation with others

Rondo

Often serves as a finale because of liveliness, regularity, and buoyancy

Rondo

Chorales were ____

Sacred

Contatas were ____

Sacred

Oratorios were ___

Sacred

What is first public opera

San Cassiano

Hymn tune with German text

Chorale

Sacred music is _______ (Religion)

Christian

Josquin Desprez was a contemporary of

Christopher Columbus

What is the "otherworldly" sound basis of a chant?

Church modes

Who only wrote down music?

Clergy

Three main sections followed by a concluding statement called a ____

Coda

Coda is the

Conclusion

Instrumental music frequently made of ________ movements

Contrasting

Bach was a master in _____

Counterpoint

What is the melody that has a different melodic idea in a fugue?

Countersubject

Who is the castrato part of a modern orchestra sang by?

Countertenor

The first job Bach had that wasn't religious was

Court conductor

Which group of people were the only ones that had sacred music?

Nobles

What did writing with noted rhythm come to be called?

Notre Dame Style

Which piece was the first polyphonic treatment of the mass ordinary by a known composer

Notre Dame mass

Which piece was written for the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris

Notre Dame mass

Which piece was written for three voices without instrumental accompaniment

Notre Dame mass

The choral finale of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is based on

Ode to Joy

What is the unity of mood in baroque music?

One mood per piece

Sonata form refers to the form of ___ _____

One movement

What is the melody of baroque music?

Opening melody repeated

Bach wrote in every form except

Opera

Period begins with rise of _____

Opera

What is a drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment

Opera

Large scale work for chorus, soloists and orchestra

Oratorio

What were the bulk of handels music

Oratorios and operas

What is the opera based off of Orpheus called

Orfeo

What was the first large scale opera

Orfeo by Monteverdi

What was bachs first job

Organist

What is the part than an opera opens with that is completely instrumental called?

Overture (prelude)

Who's work became a model after the council of trent?

Palestrina

The center of polyphonic music in Europe after 1150 was

Paris

What city was music developed

Paris

What are the lowest notes in little fugue played with?

Pedals

Recitative presents

Plot material (half talk, half song)

Guillaume de Machaut was famous as a ______

Poet

A fugue is a ______ composition

Polyphonic

What is the texture of baroque music

Polyphonic and imitative

Who was the Gregorian chant named after?

Pope Gregory I

The madrigal anthology The Triumphes of Oriana was written in honor of

Queen Elizabeth I

What are the two primary types of solo songs

Recitative and aria

Oratorio is not intended for ____\ services

Religious

The various dances of the baroque suite are usually

AABB

The minuet as a whole may be outlined as

ABA

`A common rondo pattern is

ABACA

Little fugue has ____ the whole time

Repetition

What are the rhythms in baroque music?

Repetition

Da capo aria format is

Aba

Recitatives accompanied by orchestra

Accompanied recitative

Recapitulation is the

Resolution

First movement of la primavera is

Allegro

Who did bach remarry

Ana magdelina

The Camerata wanted to create new vocal style modeled on the music of the ________

Ancient Greeks

Sonata is for ______ instruments

1 to 2

The first large body of secular songs that survives in decipherable notation was composed during the __ & ___ centuries by french nobles called _______

12 13 troubadours

The Renaissance took place in what years

1450-1600

When did composers start writing music not based on chant?

14th century

What are the years of baroque era

1600-1750

What year did the first opera house open

1637

What year did the first public theater open

1672

Bachs music became revitalized in

1850

The cantata contains __ contrasting movements

2

Chamber music has ___ to ___ instruments

2 to 9

The rondo was used as late as the __th century

20

A symphony is unified partly by the use of the same key in ___ of its movements

3

Trio sonatas contain _ melodic lines

3

How many movements does chamber music have

4

Vivaldi wrote approximately ____________ concertos.

450

The middle ages took place in what years

450-1450

A large court during the baroque period might employ about ________ performers.

80

What age did Bach lose his parents

9

What is the neumatic text setting

A few notes to each syllable of text

Art of the fugue was written by

Bach

Mass in b minor was written by

Bach

Well tempered clavier was written by

Bach

Who is the little fugue written by?

Bach

Who were the two biggest composers of the baroque era

Bach and Handel

Emphasis on ____ and _____

Balance clarity

What is bass continuo

Bass part with numbers to represent chord tones

Classical era was the end of _______ _______

Basso continuo

Tu se morta has little sense of ___ or ___

Beat meter

Who gained succeeds as there was a wider middle class market for music

Beethoven

Who worked as an independent musician in Vienna

Beethoven

Which piece by Bach begins and ends with ritornello

Brandenberg Concerto

Special accompanied showpiece in first and last movement

Cadenza

The group of nobles who met around Florence were known as the

Camerata

Multi movement church work for Chorus, soloists, and orchestra

Cantata

Bach was a _____ at st Thomas church in leipzing

Cantor

Vivaldi was ____

Catholic

Bach was a ______ of the court orchestra in Weimar

Certmaster

Designed for intimate setting of a room or chamber

Chamber music

Who spent most of his life serving a wealthy aristocracy?

Haydn

Who was born in Austrian village called Rohrau

Haydn

One of the greatest English composers

Henry Purcell

Texture is ____

Homophonic

The 7th movement in cantata is

Homophonic

Tu se morta is ___ in texture

Homophonic

What is the texture of tu se morta

Homophonic

Hallelujah varies from _____ ______ and _____

Homophonic, polyphonic, monophonic

The dominant intellectual movement of the Renaissance was called

Humanism

Visual arts in the middle ages were not realistic, they were ______

Iconic

_____ is big in fugues

Imitation

Oratorios first appeared in

Italy

The Renaissance madrigal began around 1520 in

Italy

George Frideric Handel was born in 1685, the same year as

JS Bach

Leading composer of his time who worked with papal choir

Joaquin Desprez

Who was little fugue written by

Js bach

When does polyphony dominate

Late baroque

Where is most music we hear from?

Late baroque

What was the main language?

Latin

Bach used _____in his music

Layers

Who were the first leaders in Notre Dame?

Leonin and Perotin

Who are the first composers known by name?

Leonin and perotin

What is a libretto written by

Librettist

What is the text in an opera called

Libretto

Rococo style

Light colors

Gallant style

Light graceful music

Where did the first theater open

London

Bachs religion was

Lutheranism

What was Euridice performed for

Marriage of Henry IV

Which piece of bachs went unperformed?

Mass of b minor

When did major and minor scales develop

Middle baroque

When was the rise of importance of instrumental music

Middle baroque

What is the simplest movement of a symphony or string quartet

Minuet

What is type of composition that is often used as the third movement of classical symphonies, string quartets and etc

Minuet and trio

What group was the only literate ones in the Middle ages?

Monks

What were the two main forms of scared music in the renaissance

Motet and mass

Who broke away from his court position and went to Vienna as a freelance musician

Mozart

Who did not like being treated as a servant

Mozart

Latin word for note

Neumes

Second theme is in ___ key

New

Does chamber music need a conductor

No