Combo with "Music Appreciation Pt. 1" and 1 other
The third movement of la primavera is ____ like
Dance
Minuet is listening and not for ____
Dancing
Period ends with
Death of js Bach
Which piece was written for girls in a boarding school
Dido and aenas
What is an example of an Aria?
Dido's Lament
A melodic recitative accompanied by basso continuo with a sorrowful mood
Didos lament
Which piece contains a chromatically descending bass
Didos lament
Outdoor entertainment pieces
Divertimentos and serenades
First, or stressed, beat of a measure
Downbeat
the development is
Dramatic
Which of the following oratorios is not by Handel?
Elijah
Dynamics express____
Emotions
Composer may use a brief pause to show the _______ _ _ ______
End of a theme
Handel spent the major portion of his life in
England
Classical is the age of _____
Enlightenment
Between presentations in a subject there are transitional periods in a fugue called
Episodes
What was the first known opera
Euridice
Orpheus goes to Hades in the hope of bringing __________ back to life.
Eurydice
The middle baroque was characterized by
Expansion throughout europe
Aria
Expresses emotion (show off time for singer)
Because of its character, the rondo most often serves as a
FINALE
Castrato singer
Faranelli
What are the four movements of classical forms
Fast, slow, dancelike, fast
4 movements of a classical symphony
Fast, slow, dancelike, heroic
What is the speed of concerto grosso movements usually
Fast, slow, fast
What are movements of chamber music
Fast, slow, minuet or scherzo, fast
A pause
Fermata
Where is the ritornello usually used
First and last movements of concerto grosso
Baroque is know for ____ lifestyle
Flamboyant
Rhythm is _____
Flexible
Where did the Renaissance take place
Florence
Rise of Opera was the result of
Florentine camerata seaking to revive Greek tragedies
Mood
Fluctuates in mood
Emphasis on way chords _____ _____
Follow eachother
Baroque suites frequently begin with a
French overture
De capo
From the beginning
Bach used his name as a _____ subject
Fugue
What is this in : each voice enters after previous voice has completed presenting the subject
Fugue
The foremost composer of fourteenth-century France was
GUillame de machaut
What ethnicity was Bach?
German
The number of musicians in a classical orchestra was _______ than in a baroque orchestra
Greater
What was the official music of the Roman Catholic Church?
Gregorian Chant
Repeated musical idea in the bass
Ground bass
Who is the concerto grosso for
Group of soloists and orchestra
Who had an opera company
Handel
Usually in ABA form and triple meter but it moves quickly in comparison to a minuet, generating energy, rhythmic drive, and tough humor
Scherzo
Which school developed rhythm first?
School of Notre Dame
Recitatives accompanied only by basso continuo
Secco recitatives
Closing section is in key of ___ key
Second
The ________ movement of Haydn's Surprise Symphony is in theme-and-variations form.
Second
What are episodes in little fugue
Sections of contrasting musical material
Operas were ___
Secular
A work that is usually light in mood and meant for entertainment
Serenade
What type of structures was late Romanesque?
Sharp point objects
The second movement of la primavera is
Slow and soft
_______ _________ was an important factor in the rise of the middle class
Social mobility
What is the contrast between in the ritornello
Solo sections and tutti (whole orchestra)
Where was palestrina a music director?
St Peters
Monteverdi spent the greater part of his career in the most important church post in Italy, that of
St. Mark's, Venice
When a subject is imitated before its completed in a fugue
Stretto
Four parts of a classics orchestra are
Strings woodwinds brass and percussion
The middle baroque consisted of musical ____ ________
Style spreading through Europe
What is the main theme in a fugue
Subject
What is the dynamic of baroque music
Sudden volume changes
What are the three types of text setting?
Syllabic, Nematic, Melismatic
Accenting of a note at an unexpected time, as between two beats or on a weak beat. Syncopation is a major characteristic of jazz
Syncopation
3 movement word for instrumental soloists and orchestra
The classical concerto
What is the type of composition where a basic musical idea is repeated over and over but modulated
Theme and variations
A concerto grosso is usually __ movements
Three
Form that can be represented as statement (A); contrast (B); return of statement (A)
Three-part form (A B A)
What was the one percussion instrument in baroque orchestra?
Timpani
Coda is in ___ key
Tonic
First theme is in ____ key
Tonic
Quieter than minuet and requires less instruments
Trio
Usually played by 3 instruments
Trio
Minuet is in ____ meter and _____ tempo
Triple moderate
ToF. There are constant changes in moods
True
Bachs father was a _____ and ____
Trumpeter and violinist
An example of a recitative is
Tu se morta from orfeo
Melody is _____,____,_____
Tuneful balances folk
Form that can be represented as statement and counterstatement (B)
Two-part form (A B)
The first opera house in Europe to offer entry to anyone with the price of admission opened in 1637 in
Venice
Vivaldi is closely identified with the musical life of
Venice
Where did the first opera house open
Venice
What was the major music center in europe
Vienna
What was the seat of Holy Roman Empire in 1800
Vienna
What instrumental family was was the orchestra based on?
Violin
Bach played the
Violin and organ
Who had a huge influence on bach
Vivaldi
Who taught music at a girls orphanage
Vivaldi
Who was the model for all baroque artists?
Vivaldi
Does text painting continue
Yes
An all vocal pieces called an
a capella
Key refers to
a central tone, chord, and scale
A combination of three or more tones sounded at the same time is called
a chord
becoming faster
accelerando
Instrument consisting of a bellows between two keyboards whose sound is produced by air pressure that causes free steel reeds to vibrate
accordion
Oratorio differs from opera in that it has no
acting, scenery, or costumes
A melody is said to move by steps if it moves by
adjacent scale tones
In the recapitulation of a sonata-form movement
all the principal material is in the tonic key
Which of the following temp indications is the slowest
allegretto
female voice of low range
alto (contralto)
When individual notes are stressed by being played louder or longer than surrounding notes they are said to have
an accent
Music can be defined as
an art based on the organization of sounds in time
Bach achieves unity of mood in his compositions by using
an insistent rhythmic drive
The distance in pitch between any two tones is called
an interval
Handel's Messiah is an example of
an oratorio
Most early baroque operas were based on Greek mythology and
ancient history
When the individual tones of a chord are sounded one after another instead of simultaneously, it is called a broken chord or
arpeggio
What was the new type of music in the middle ages called?
ars nova
prestissimo
as fast as possible
Male voice range lower than a tenor and higher than a bass
baritone
Brass instrument similar in shape to the tuba, with a higher range, commonly used in bands
baritone horn
Male voice of low range
bass
Member of the clarinet family, having a low range. Its shape is curved at the end before flaring into a bell
bass clarinet
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, the largest of the orchestral drums
bass drum
Monteverdi's vocal music was ordinarily supported by a ______________________ and other instruments.
basso continuo
Double-reed woodwind instrument, made of wood, having a low range
bassoon
Many conductors use a thin stick called a ___ to beat time and indicate pulse and tempo
baton
Horizontal line connecting the flags of several eighth notes or sixteenth notes in succession, to facilitate reading these notes
beam
The regular pulsation that divides music into equal units of time is known as a/n
beat
The form consisting of a musical state,ent followed by a counterstatement would be called
binary
slightly curved stick strung tightly with horsehair, used to play string instruments
bow
In the recording of the medieval estampie, the melody line is played on a rebec, a
bowed string instrument
Instrument, made of brass or silver, whose sound is produced by the vibrations of player's lips as one blows into a cup or funnel shaped mouthpiece. The vibrations are amplified and colored in a tube that is flared at the end
brass instrument
Sounding of the individual tones of a chord in sequence rather than simultaneously
broken chord
The strings of a violin are tuned
by tightening or loosening the pegs
A resting place at the end of a phrase is called a
cadence
An unaccompanied showpiece for the concerto's soloist is known as a
cadenza
A sung piece, or choral work with or without vocal soloists, usually with orchestral accompaniment, is the
cantata
Percussion instrument of definite pitch, with metal bars that are struck by hammers controlled by a keyboard
celesta
String instrument with a range lower than that of the viola and higher than that of the double bass
cello (violoncello)
The concertmaster in a modern symphony orchestra
checks the tuning of the orchestra before the conductor appears, sits at the conductor's immediate left, & plays any solo violin passages in the composition
Percussion instrument of definite pitch, with suspended metal tubes that are struck with a hammer
chimes
The _______ is a Lutheran congregational hymn tune.
chorale
The ___________ is an instrumental composition based on a chorale.
chorale prelude
An element of the oratorio that is especially important and serves to comment on or participate in the drama is the
chorus
The focus of a Handel oratorio is usually the
chorus
Scale including all twelve tones of the octave; each tone is a half step away from the next one
chromatic scale
In the baroque period, the ordinary citizen's opportunities for hearing music usually came from the
church
What type of architecture was early Romanesque?
circular structures
Single-reed woodwind instrument with a beakshaped mouthpiece, cylindrical in shape with a slightly flared bell
clarinet
A popular keyboard instrument in which sound was produced by means of brass blades striking the strings was the
clavichord
Symbol placed at the beginning of the staff to show the exact pitch of notes placed on each line and space
clef
The ____ shows the pitch of each line and space on the staff
clef
The emotional focal point of a melody is called the
climax
Definite resting place, giving a sense of finality, at the end of a phrase in a melody
complete cadence
Tools used to synthesize music, to help composers write scores, to store samples of audio signals, and to control synthesizing mechanisms
computer
composition including sounds generated and manipulated by computer
computer music
Principal first violinist in a symphony orchestra
concertmaster
Leader of a performing group of musicians
conductor
A combination of tones that is considered stable and restful is called a
consonance
tone combination that is stable and restful
consonance
Changes in musical style from one historical period to the next are usually
continuous
Double-reed woodwind instrument with a register one octave lower than that of the bassoon
contrabassoon
The lowest instrument in the orchestra is the
contrabassoon
Striking differences of pitch, dynamics, rhythm, and tempo that provide variety and change of mood
contrast
Brass instrument similar in shape to the trumpet, with a mellower tone
cornet
The technique of combining several melodic lines into a meaningful whole is called
counterpoint
technique of combining two or more melodic lines into a meaningful whole
counterpoint
Repetition is a technique widely used in music because it
creates a sense of unity, helps engrave a melody in the memory, & provides a feeling of balance & symmetry
A gradual increase in loudness is known as a
crescendo
The frequency of vibrations is measured in
cycles per second.
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a pair of metal plates, played by striking the plates against each other
cymbals
Much of the instrumental music composed during the Renaissance was intended for
dancing
Beethoven greatly expanded the _____________ section of the sonata-form movement and made it more dramatic.
development
A combination of tones that is considered unstable and tense is called a
dissonance
To achieve intensity of expression, Monteverdi used _________ with unprecedented freedom and daring
dissonance
Tone combination that is unstable and tense
dissonance
Resolution refers to a(n)
dissonant chord moving to a consonant chord
Symphonic bands differ from symphonic orchestras in that they
do not contain a string section
The triad built on the fifth step of the scale is called the
dominant chord
Triad built on the fifth note of the scale, which sets up tension that is resolved by the tonic chord
dominant chord
note with a dot to the right of it. This dot increases the note's undotted duration by half
dotted note
Long-short rhythmic pattern in which a dotted note is followed by a note that is much shorter
dotted rhythm
Largest string instrument, having the lowest range of the string family
double bass (bass)
Instruments whose sound is produced by two narrow pieces of cane held between the player's lips; these pieces vibrate when the player blows between them
double-reed woodwinds
In a recorded music, the insertion of sounds, which may themselves be live or prerecorded, that then become part of the resulting piece of music
dubbing
Pattern of 2 beats to the measure
duple meter
When a measure has two beats, it is said to be in
duple meter
Degrees of loudness and softness in music are called
dynamics
One of the most revolutionary periods in music history was the
early baroque
Instrument whose sound is produced, modified, or amplified by electronic means
electronic instrument
Ornamental tones that are either improvised by the performer or indicated in the music by signs or notes in small print
embellishments
A dynamic accent occurs in music when a performer
emphasizes a tone by playing it more loudly than the tones around it
double-reed woodwind instrument, slightly larger than the oboe and with a lower range, striaght in shape with an egg-shaped bell
english horn
What is the dance music of the middle ages?
estampie
Brass instrument similar in shape to the tuba and the baritone horn, with a higher range than the tuba's, commonly used in bands
euphonium
allegro
fast
The usual order of movements in a classical symphony is
fast, slow, dance, fast
The usual order of movements in a classical string quartet is
fast, slow, minuet or scherzo, fast
A pause in the score of a concerto is indicated by a
fermata
Sonata form is used frequently as the form for the ________ movement of a multimovement work.
first
Wavy line attached to the stem on a note, indicating how long that note is to be held relative to the notes around it
flag
Symbol which notate a pitch one half step lower than the pitch that would otherwise be indicated
flat sign
Woodwind instrument, usually made of metal, with a high range, whose tone is produced by blowing across the edge of a mouth hole
flute
Frederick the Great, king of Prussia, was a
flutist, general, and composer
The organization of musical ideas in time is called
form
organization of musical ideas in time
form
Baroque trio sonatas usually involve ________ performers.
four
In Bach's day, the Lutheran church service lasted about _____ hour(s).
four
Of Bach's twenty children, ____________ went on to become well-known composers.
four
Brass instrument of medium range, whose tube is coiled into roughly circular shape and fitted with valves; commonly used in symphony orchestras and in bands
french horn
The pitch of a sound is decided by the ____ of its vibrations
frequency
The pitch of a sound is decided by the _____________ of its vibrations.
frequency
Before the nineteenth century, the beat was
given by the first violinist, the keyboard player, or both
percussion instrument of definite pitch, made up of flat metal bars set in a frame and played by striking with small metal hammers
glockenspiel
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, made up of a large flat metal plate that is suspended and struck with a mallet
gong
crescendo
gradually louder
decrescendo (diminuendo)
gradually softer
Combination of the treble and bass staves, used in keyboard music to encompass the wide range of pitches produced by both hands
grand staff
Plucked string instrument with six strings stretched along a fretted fingerboard
guitar
Adding a dot to a note increases its duration by
half
In traditional western music, the ____ is the smallest interval between successive tones of a scale
half step
The very high-pitched tones that are produced when a string player lightly touches certain points on a string are called
harmonics
____ in music adds support, depth, and richness to a melody
harmony
Plucked string instrument, consisting of strings stretched within a triangular frame
harp
Keyboard instrument, widely used from about 1500 to 1775 whose sound is produced by plectra that pluck its wire strings.
harpsichord
In general, the smaller the vibrating element, the ______ its pitch
higher
a C# is ____ than C
higher
When there is one main melody accompanied by chords, the texture is
homophonic
Term describing music in which one main melody is accompanied by chords
homophonic texture
The early baroque was characterized by
homophonic texture
The bow that string players usually use to produce sound on their instruments is a slightly curved stick strung tightly with
horsehair
Musical texture refers to
how layers of sound are related to each other
An example of homophonic texture could be a
hymn, a simple song harmonized by chords, & folksinger accompanied by a guitar
Presentation of a melodic idea by one voice or instrument that is immediately followed by its restatement by another voice or instrument, as in a round
imitation
When a melodic idea is presented by one voice or instrument and then restated immediately by another voice or instrument, the technique is called
imitation
Creation of music at the same time as it is performed
improvisation
Legato refers to playing or singing a melody
in a smooth, connected style
A melodic phrase ending that sets up expectations for continuation is known as a(n)
incomplete cadence
Inconclusive resting point at the end of a phrase, which sets up expectations for the following phrases
incomplete cadence
A classical concerto is a three-movement work for
instrumental soloist and orchestra
A major factor that distinguishes chamber music from the symphony or concerto is that chamber music
is performed by one player per part
Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass sounds fuller than Josquin's Ave Maria because
it is set for six voices instead of four
Who performed secular music?
jongleurs
Central note, scale, and chord within a piece, in relationship to which all other tones in the composition are heard
key (tonality)
Sharp or flat signs immediately following the clef sign at the beginning of a piece of music, indicating the key in which the music is to be played
key signature
Instrument-such as the piano, organ, or harpsichord-played by pressing a series of keys with the fingers
keyboard instrument
Central tone of a melody or larger piece of music. When a piece is in the key of C major
keynote (tonic)
Interval larger than that between two adjacent tones in the scale
leap
Short, horizontal lines above or below the staff, used to indicate a pitch that falls above or below the range indicated by the staff
ledger lines
Smooth, connected manner of performing a melody
legatto
vivace
lively
"Vivace" is a tempo indication which denotes a
lively tempo
Mass
long work that includes 5 main parts of a service
forte (f)
loud
music based on a major scale
major key
Series of seven different tones within an octave, with an eighth tone repeating the first tone an octave higher, consisting of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the whole step between the second and third tones is characteristics
major scale
Rhythmic group set off by bar lines, containing a fixed number of beats
measure
A series of single tones that add up to a recognizable whole is called a
melody
The organization of beats into regular groups is known as
meter
organization of beats into regular groups
meter
Apparatus that produces ticking sounds or flashes of light at any desired constant speed
metronome
Female voice of fairly low range, though not so low as alto
mezzo soprano
Note C nearest to the center of the piano keyboard, notated as the pitch on the ledge line below the treble clef and above the bass clef
middle C
Music based on a minor scale
minor key
Series of seven tones within an octave, with an eighth tone repeating the first tone an octave higher, composed of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the half step between the second and third tones is characteristic
minor scale
The symphonic movement usually lacking in the concerto is the
minuet or scherzo
moderato
moderate
allegretto
moderately fast
mezzo forte (mf)
moderately loud
andante
moderately slow, a walking pace
mezzo piano (mp)
moderately soft
A shift from one key to another within the same composition is called
modulation
shift from one key to another within the same piece
modulation
The first steps toward the development of polyphony were taken sometime between 700 and 900, when ____ in monastery choirs began to add a _______ melodic line to __________
monks second Gregorian Chant
Gregorian chant is ________ in texture
monophonic
The gregorian chant was _________(phonic)
monophonic
The texture of a single melodic line without accompaniment is
monophonic
Single melodic line without accompaniment
monophonic texture
Affections in baroque usage refers to
moods of music
Secular music in the fourteenth century became
more important than sacred music
what is the melismatic text setting
multiple notes to each syllable of context
word paining is when
music imitates the meaning of the words
Members of the Camerata wanted to create a new vocal style based on the
music of the ancient Greek tragedies
Number of layers of sound that are heated at once, what kinds of layers they are, and how they are related to each other
musical texture
A piece of wood or plastic that brass players use to alter the tone of their instruments is called a
mute
In oratorio, the story is carried forward by the
narrator's recitatives
Symbol used in notation of pitch to cancel a previous sharp or flat sign
natural sign
In the exposition of a sonata-form movement the second theme is in a ___ key
new
A system of writing music is known as
notation
In notation, a black or white oval to which a stem and flags can be added
note
Double-reed woodwind instrument with a relatively high range, conical in shape with a small flared bell
oboe
When two different tones blend so well when sounded together that they almost seem to merge into one tone, the interval is called a(n)
octave
What is syllabic text setting
one note per syllable of text
The sonata in the baroque period was a composition in several movements for
one to eight instruments
Bach created masterpieces in every baroque form except the
opera
Although Handel wrote a great deal of instrumental music, the core of his huge output consists of English oratorios and Italian
operas
In their use of aria, duet, and recitative, Bach's cantatas closely resembled the _______ of the time.
operas
Bach was recognized as the most eminent ___________ of his day.
organist
Medieval music that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines is called
organum
What is a two lined chant called?
organum
Embellishments are
ornamental tones improved by performers
In Italy, music schools were often connected with
orphanages
what are the two motions of organum?
paralleled and contrary
Instrument of definite or indefinite pitch whose sound is produced by striking by hand or with a stick or hammer, or by shaking or rubbing
percussion instrument
Person who plays or sings music
performer
A shorter part of a melody is called a
phrase
Part of a melody
phrase
The Italian dynamic markings traditionally used to indicate very soft, loud, and very loud are (respectively)
pianissimo, forte, fortissimo
The favored solo instrument in the classical concerto was the
piano
Widely used keyboard instrument of great range and versatility, whose sound is produced by felt-covered hammers striking against steel strings
piano
The highest woodwind instrument in the orchestra is the
piccolo
The relative highness or lowness of a sound is called
pitch
The distance between the lowest and highest tones that a voice or instrument can produce is called
pitch range
Plucking the string with the finger instead of using a bow is called
pizzicato
Small wedge of plastic, leather, or quill used to pluck the strings of certain instruments, such as the guitar, koto, and harpsichord
plectrum
The Notre Dame Mass by Guillaume de Machaut was the first __________ treatment of the mass ordinary by a known composer
polyphonic
The texture of Renaissance music is chiefly
polyphonic
When two or more melodic lines of equal interest are performed simultaneously, the texture is
polyphonic
Contrapuntal texture is sometimes used in place of the term
polyphonic texture
Performance of two or more melodic lines of relatively equal interest at the same time
polyphonic texture
A series of chords is called a(n)
progression
Pattern of 4 beats to the measure
quadruple meter
Pattern of 5 beats to the measure
quintuple meter
Visual art was more _______ in the Renaissance
realistic
Family woodwind instruments whose sound is produced by blowing in to a "whistle" mouthpiece, usually made of wood or plastic
recorder
A thin piece of cane, used singly or in pairs by woodwind players, is called a
reed
A part of an instrument's total range is called a
register
At the end of a classical exposition there usually is a
repeat sign
reiteration of a motive, phrase, or section, often used to create a sense of unity
repetition
Progression from a dissonance to a consonance
resolution
In notation of rhythm, a symbol to indicate the duration of silence in the music
rest
Ordered flow of music through time; the pattern of durations of notes and silences in music
rhythm
The notation of the secular songs of the Middle Ages does not indicate _________
rhythm
The ars nova, or new art, of the fourteenth century differed from older music in that Your response: a new system of notation permitted composers to specify almost any _______________
rhythmic pattern
A polyphonic instrumental composition employing imitation is the
ricercar
becoming slower
ritardando
Family of single-reed woodwind instruments
saxophone
Series of pitches arranged in order from low to high or high to low
scale
In many of Beethoven's works, there is a _________ movement instead of the minuet.
scherzo
Notation showing all the parts of a musical ensemble, with a separate staff for each part, and with simultaneously sounded notes aligned vertically; used by the conductor
score
Speechlike melody accompanied only by a basso continuo is called
secco recitative
Pattern of 7 beats to the measure
septuple meter
The repetition of a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch is called a
sequence
The church modes are like major and minor scales except they consists of _________ different tones
seven
Symbol which notates a pitch one half step higher than the pitch that would otherwise be indicated
sharp sign
Motet
short polyphonic choral work
Instruments whose sound is produced by a single piece of cane, or reed, fastened over a hole in the mouthpiece. The reed vibrates when the player blows into the mouthpiece
single-reed woodwinds
ABA form is typical of the minuet or scherzo movement and is also common in the
slow
adagio
slow
What kind of melodies dominated in the Renaissance
smooth stepwise melodies
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, in the shape of a cylinder with a stretched skin at either end. A "snare" of gut or metal is stretched below the lower skin and produces a rattling sound when the drum is struck
snare drum
piano (p)
soft
The first movement of a classical symphony is almost always fast, and in _______________ form.
sonata
Female voice high range
soprano
Vibrations that are transmitted, usually through air, to the eardrum, which sends impulses to the brain
sound
A short, detached style of playing a melody is known as
staccato
short, detached manner of performing a melody
staccato
In notation, a set of five horizontal lines between or on which notes are positioned
staff
The character of the minuet is best described as
stately and dignified
Ternary form can be represented as
statement, contrast, return; or A B A; or A B A'
Vertical line on a note indicating how long that note is to be held relative to the notes around it
stem
Interval between two adjacent tones in the scale
step
Means of playing a string instrument by which the box is drawn across two, three, or four strings at the same time or almost the same time
stop (double, triple, quadruple)
The first oratorios were based on
stories from the bible
A round is an example of
strict imitation
Instrument whose sound is produced by the vibration of strings
string instrument
The most important form of classical chamber music is the
string quartet
Along with his symphonies, Haydn's _____________ are considered his most important works.
string quartets
Beethoven's sixteen __________ are generally considered among the greatest music ever composed.
string quartets
Characteristic way of using melody, rhythm, tone, color, dynamics, harmony, texture, and form in music
style
Written notes were just a ______
suggestion
The music director of a court in the baroque period
supervised and directed the musical performances, composed much of the music required, was responsible for the discipline of the other musicians
Systems of electronic components that generate, modify, and control sounds are called
synthesizers
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a skin stretched across a shallow cylinder, with small circular plates set into the cylinder which jingle when the skin is struck or the cylinder is shaken
tambourine
Studio with tape recorders and other equipment used to create electronic music by modifying and combining recorded sounds
tape studio
The main tool of composers of electronics music during the 1950s was the
tape studio
Basic pace of the music
tempo
Words, usually at the beginning of a piece of music and often in Italian, which specify the pace at which the music should be played
tempo indication
Male voice of high range
tenor
Handel's oratorios are usually based on
the Old Testament
A good example of a change in musical style
the abandonment of tonality by many contemporary composers
Renaissance melodies are usually easy to sing because
the melody usually moves along a scale with few large leaps
The members of the Camerata wanted the vocal line of their music to follow
the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech
Harmony refers to
the way chords are constructed and how they follow each other
A melody that serves as the starting point for a more extended piece of music is called a
theme
A Vivaldi concerto usually has ________ movements.
three
In notation of rhythm, an arc between two notes of the same pitch indicating that the second note should not be played but should be added to the duration of the first
tie
Rhythm is the ordered flow of music through
time
The meter of a piece is shown by its
time signature
Two numbers, one above the other, appearing at the beginning of a staff or the start of a piece, indicating the meter of the piece
time signature
Percussion instruments of definite pitch, shaped like large kettles with calfskin or plastic stretched across the tops, played with soft padded mallets
timpani
Another term for key is
tonality
In music, a sound that has a definite pitch is called a
tone
Quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another
tone color
Timbre is synonymous with
tone color
The central tone around which a musical composition is organized is called the
tonic
The main theme of the rondo is usually in the ____ key
tonic
Traditionally, a composition would almost always end on a
tonic chord
Central key of a piece of music, usually both beginning and ending the piece, regardless of how many other keys are include
tonic key (home key)
The range of a singer's voice depends on
training and physical makeup
Rapid repetition of a tone, produced in string instruments by quick up and down strokes of the bow
tremolo
To evoke angry or warlike feelings in some of his texts, Monteverdi introduced new orchestral effects, including pizzicato and
tremolo
Most basic of chords, consisting of three alternate tones of the scale such as do, mi, so
triad
Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a triangular length of metal suspended from a hook or cord, played by striking with a metal rod
triangle
what meter did an estampie have?
triple
Pattern of 3 beats to the measure
triple meter
In notation of rhythm, three notes of equal duration grouped within a curved line with the numeral 3, lasting only as long as two notes of the same length would normally last
triplet
Brass instrument of moderately low range, whose tube is an elongated loop with a movable slide, commonly used in symphony orchestras, bands, and jazz ensembles
trombone
who wrote secular music in the middle ages?
troubadours
T or F- secular music has instruments
true
Brass instrument with the highest range, commonly used in symphony orchestras, bands, and jazz and rock groups
trumpet
Largest brass instrument, with the lowest range, commonly used in symphony orchestras and bands
tuba
Meters with an odd number of beats in the measure, like quintuple or septuple meter, are found most commonly in
twentieth-century music
The first movement of a classical concerto has
two expositions
The French overture has
two sections- slow and fast
The classical string quartet is a musical composition for
two violins, viola, and cello
A cappella refers to
unaccompanied choral music
Performance of a single melodic line by more than one instrument or voice at the same pitch or in different octaves
unison
Performance of a single melodic line by more than one instrument or voice is described as playing or singing in
unison
Unaccented pulse preceding the downbeat
upbeat
If a string player uses vibrator by rocking the left hand to produce small pitch fluctuations it is because
using vibrator makes the tone warmer and more expressive
Retaining some features of a musical idea while changing others is called
variation
changing some features of a musical idea while retaining others
variation
presto
very fast
We know little about the music of very ancient civilizations because
very little notated music has survived from these cultures
fortissimo (ff)
very loud
largo
very slow, broad
grave
very slow, solemn
pianissimo (pp)
very soft
Small fluctuations of pitch that make the tone warmer, produced in string instruments by rocking the left hand while it presses the string down
vibrato
String instrument with a lower range than the violin and a higher range than the cello
viola
String instrument with the highest range of the string family
violin
What instruments did Bach play?
violin and oragan
The piano trio is a musical composition for
violin, cello, and piano
Vivaldi was famous and influential as a virtuoso _______
violinist
Performing artist of extraordinary technical mastery
virtuoso
Which of the following is not a part of the baroque suite?
waltz
A typical baroque operatic form was the da capo aria in ABA form in which the singer
was expected to embellish the returning melody with ornamental tone
In syncopation, a _____ is accented
weak beat
Woodwind instruments are so named because they
were originally made of wood
interval twice as large as the half step (ex. the interval between do and re)
whole step
Instrument whose sound is produced by vibrations of air in a tube; holes along the length of tube are opened and closed by the fingers; or pads; to control the pitch
woodwind instrument
Thomas Weelkes's As Vesta Was Descending is notable for its
word painting
The abbreviation op. stands for opus, Latin for
work
Percussion instrument of definite pitch, consisting of flat wooden bars set in a frame and played by striking with hard plastic or wooden hammers
xylophone
Was instrumental music still subordinate to vocal music
yes
did an estampie only have a single melody line?
yes
Ritornello means
Returning idea
Music has strong _____ drive
Rhythmic
Comic operas sometimes _________ ___ ________
Ridiculed the aristocracy
What did the early baroque begin with
Rise of opera
Palestrina's career centered in
Rome
What is the center of christianity
Rome
Where did palestrina work primarily?
Rome
An independent piece of one movement of a symphony
Rondo
Features a tuneful main theme that returns several times in alternation with others
Rondo
Often serves as a finale because of liveliness, regularity, and buoyancy
Rondo
Chorales were ____
Sacred
Contatas were ____
Sacred
Oratorios were ___
Sacred
What is first public opera
San Cassiano
Hymn tune with German text
Chorale
Sacred music is _______ (Religion)
Christian
Josquin Desprez was a contemporary of
Christopher Columbus
What is the "otherworldly" sound basis of a chant?
Church modes
Who only wrote down music?
Clergy
Three main sections followed by a concluding statement called a ____
Coda
Coda is the
Conclusion
Instrumental music frequently made of ________ movements
Contrasting
Bach was a master in _____
Counterpoint
What is the melody that has a different melodic idea in a fugue?
Countersubject
Who is the castrato part of a modern orchestra sang by?
Countertenor
The first job Bach had that wasn't religious was
Court conductor
Which group of people were the only ones that had sacred music?
Nobles
What did writing with noted rhythm come to be called?
Notre Dame Style
Which piece was the first polyphonic treatment of the mass ordinary by a known composer
Notre Dame mass
Which piece was written for the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris
Notre Dame mass
Which piece was written for three voices without instrumental accompaniment
Notre Dame mass
The choral finale of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is based on
Ode to Joy
What is the unity of mood in baroque music?
One mood per piece
Sonata form refers to the form of ___ _____
One movement
What is the melody of baroque music?
Opening melody repeated
Bach wrote in every form except
Opera
Period begins with rise of _____
Opera
What is a drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment
Opera
Large scale work for chorus, soloists and orchestra
Oratorio
What were the bulk of handels music
Oratorios and operas
What is the opera based off of Orpheus called
Orfeo
What was the first large scale opera
Orfeo by Monteverdi
What was bachs first job
Organist
What is the part than an opera opens with that is completely instrumental called?
Overture (prelude)
Who's work became a model after the council of trent?
Palestrina
The center of polyphonic music in Europe after 1150 was
Paris
What city was music developed
Paris
What are the lowest notes in little fugue played with?
Pedals
Recitative presents
Plot material (half talk, half song)
Guillaume de Machaut was famous as a ______
Poet
A fugue is a ______ composition
Polyphonic
What is the texture of baroque music
Polyphonic and imitative
Who was the Gregorian chant named after?
Pope Gregory I
The madrigal anthology The Triumphes of Oriana was written in honor of
Queen Elizabeth I
What are the two primary types of solo songs
Recitative and aria
Oratorio is not intended for ____\ services
Religious
The various dances of the baroque suite are usually
AABB
The minuet as a whole may be outlined as
ABA
`A common rondo pattern is
ABACA
Little fugue has ____ the whole time
Repetition
What are the rhythms in baroque music?
Repetition
Da capo aria format is
Aba
Recitatives accompanied by orchestra
Accompanied recitative
Recapitulation is the
Resolution
First movement of la primavera is
Allegro
Who did bach remarry
Ana magdelina
The Camerata wanted to create new vocal style modeled on the music of the ________
Ancient Greeks
Sonata is for ______ instruments
1 to 2
The first large body of secular songs that survives in decipherable notation was composed during the __ & ___ centuries by french nobles called _______
12 13 troubadours
The Renaissance took place in what years
1450-1600
When did composers start writing music not based on chant?
14th century
What are the years of baroque era
1600-1750
What year did the first opera house open
1637
What year did the first public theater open
1672
Bachs music became revitalized in
1850
The cantata contains __ contrasting movements
2
Chamber music has ___ to ___ instruments
2 to 9
The rondo was used as late as the __th century
20
A symphony is unified partly by the use of the same key in ___ of its movements
3
Trio sonatas contain _ melodic lines
3
How many movements does chamber music have
4
Vivaldi wrote approximately ____________ concertos.
450
The middle ages took place in what years
450-1450
A large court during the baroque period might employ about ________ performers.
80
What age did Bach lose his parents
9
What is the neumatic text setting
A few notes to each syllable of text
Art of the fugue was written by
Bach
Mass in b minor was written by
Bach
Well tempered clavier was written by
Bach
Who is the little fugue written by?
Bach
Who were the two biggest composers of the baroque era
Bach and Handel
Emphasis on ____ and _____
Balance clarity
What is bass continuo
Bass part with numbers to represent chord tones
Classical era was the end of _______ _______
Basso continuo
Tu se morta has little sense of ___ or ___
Beat meter
Who gained succeeds as there was a wider middle class market for music
Beethoven
Who worked as an independent musician in Vienna
Beethoven
Which piece by Bach begins and ends with ritornello
Brandenberg Concerto
Special accompanied showpiece in first and last movement
Cadenza
The group of nobles who met around Florence were known as the
Camerata
Multi movement church work for Chorus, soloists, and orchestra
Cantata
Bach was a _____ at st Thomas church in leipzing
Cantor
Vivaldi was ____
Catholic
Bach was a ______ of the court orchestra in Weimar
Certmaster
Designed for intimate setting of a room or chamber
Chamber music
Who spent most of his life serving a wealthy aristocracy?
Haydn
Who was born in Austrian village called Rohrau
Haydn
One of the greatest English composers
Henry Purcell
Texture is ____
Homophonic
The 7th movement in cantata is
Homophonic
Tu se morta is ___ in texture
Homophonic
What is the texture of tu se morta
Homophonic
Hallelujah varies from _____ ______ and _____
Homophonic, polyphonic, monophonic
The dominant intellectual movement of the Renaissance was called
Humanism
Visual arts in the middle ages were not realistic, they were ______
Iconic
_____ is big in fugues
Imitation
Oratorios first appeared in
Italy
The Renaissance madrigal began around 1520 in
Italy
George Frideric Handel was born in 1685, the same year as
JS Bach
Leading composer of his time who worked with papal choir
Joaquin Desprez
Who was little fugue written by
Js bach
When does polyphony dominate
Late baroque
Where is most music we hear from?
Late baroque
What was the main language?
Latin
Bach used _____in his music
Layers
Who were the first leaders in Notre Dame?
Leonin and Perotin
Who are the first composers known by name?
Leonin and perotin
What is a libretto written by
Librettist
What is the text in an opera called
Libretto
Rococo style
Light colors
Gallant style
Light graceful music
Where did the first theater open
London
Bachs religion was
Lutheranism
What was Euridice performed for
Marriage of Henry IV
Which piece of bachs went unperformed?
Mass of b minor
When did major and minor scales develop
Middle baroque
When was the rise of importance of instrumental music
Middle baroque
What is the simplest movement of a symphony or string quartet
Minuet
What is type of composition that is often used as the third movement of classical symphonies, string quartets and etc
Minuet and trio
What group was the only literate ones in the Middle ages?
Monks
What were the two main forms of scared music in the renaissance
Motet and mass
Who broke away from his court position and went to Vienna as a freelance musician
Mozart
Who did not like being treated as a servant
Mozart
Latin word for note
Neumes
Second theme is in ___ key
New
Does chamber music need a conductor
No