COMM 101 Final Exam
research indicates that audiences often engage in...
a mental give-and-take with the speaker as they listen to a persuasive speech
extemporaneous speech
a speech that is fully prepared in advance but delivered from a brief set of notes or speaking outline
either-or OR false dilemma fallacy
forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist
using visual aids can...
help a speaker combat stage fright
expert testimony
if you quoted Susan Sysco director of the Indian Ocean Weather Center, on the new systems for early detection of floods
peer testimony
if you quoted your cousin who plays college soccer about steroid use among college athletes
reference works
includes things such as encyclopedias, yearbooks, quotation books, and biographical aids
red herring fallacy
introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the issue at hand
An advantage of powerpoint
it enables you to integrate different kinds of visual aids in the same speech
newspaper and periodical databases help you to...
locate magazine, journal, and newspaper articles
bandwagon fallacy
mistakenly assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct or desirable
research shows that using visual aids make you come across as...
more credible and better prepared than a speaker who does not use visual aids
When incorporating visual aids in a speech, be sure to...
not break eye contact with the audience while discussing the aids
commemorative speech
pays tribute to a person, a group of people, an institution, or an idea
quoting out of context
quoting a statement in a way that distorts its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it
vocal inflection
reveals whether you are asking a question or making a statement, whether you are being sincere or sarcastic
designated leader
small groups that meet for only one session should almost always have a...
"Uh" "Er" "Um
speakers say this when they do not use pauses frequently
mean
summing all the items in a group and dividing by the number of items
evidence
supporting materials that are used to prove or disprove something
credibility
the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic
graph
the best kind of visual aid for clarifying statistics
Bartlett's Familiar Quotations
the best-known collection of quotations
initial credibility
the credibility of a speaker before she or he starts to speak
terminal credibility
the credibility of the speaker at the end of the speech
derived credibility
the credibility of the speaker produced by everything she or he says during the speech itself
ad hominem
the fallacy of attacking the other person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute
pitch
the highness or lowness of sounds produced by the human voice
median
the middle number in a group of numbers arranged in order from highest to lowest
hasty generalization
the most common fallacy in reasoning from specific instances
persuasive speaking
the most complex and challenging kind of public speaking
ethos
the name Aristotle gave to credibility
pathos
the name used by Aristotle for the emotional appeal of the speaker
logos
the name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker
mode
the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers
every speech contains two messages...
the one sent by the speaker and the one received by the listener
articulation
the physical production of particular speech sounds (wanna = want to)
persuasion
the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions
with an impromptu speech...
the speaker delivers a speech with little or no immediate preparation
policy, value and fact
the three kinds of questions that give rise to persuasive speeches
Even when listeners don't pay attention...
they don't process a speaker's message exactly as the speaker intended
One of the main reasons to use examples in your speech
they put abstract ideas into concrete terms that listeners can easily understand
emergent leaders
those who assume a leadership role in a small group because of her or his ability, personality or talkativeness
implied leaders
those whom other group members defer to because of his or her rank or expertise
the aim of successful speechmaking is...
to gain a desired response from listeners, but not compromise his or her beliefs to do so
speech of presentation
to present a gift or award to the recipient
When making a powerpoint slide...
try to use no more than three colors so that the slide will be visually appealing
to help bring a speech to life...
use your own knowledge and experience
acceptance speech
when an individual gives thanks for an award or gift
library
where you can find in-depth research materials
When using testimony in a speech...
you can paraphrase or use a direct quotation
simile
"memories are like fingerprints - no two sets are ever the same"
metaphor
"my grandmother is the glue that holds our family together"
special occasion speech
EX: presenting an award to a retiring newspaper editor
achieving the goals of the group
Every member of a problem-solving small group should commit themselves to...
audience analysis and adaptation
affect all aspects of speechwriting plus the delivery of the speech itself
slippery slope fallacy
assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented
egocentrism
audiences typically approach speeches by asking "Why is this important for me?"
clichés
avoid phrases like "dry as a bone" or "dark as night" or "smart as a whip" or "clear as a bell"
Google and Yahoo
cannot always count of the reliability of research materials found from these two internet search engines
employers look for...
college graduates who can communicated effectively with people of different cultural backgrounds
the primary purpose of speechmaking is NOT to...
demonstrate your command of the topic