COMM 101 Final Exam

research indicates that audiences often engage in...

a mental give-and-take with the speaker as they listen to a persuasive speech

extemporaneous speech

a speech that is fully prepared in advance but delivered from a brief set of notes or speaking outline

either-or OR false dilemma fallacy

forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist

using visual aids can...

help a speaker combat stage fright

expert testimony

if you quoted Susan Sysco director of the Indian Ocean Weather Center, on the new systems for early detection of floods

peer testimony

if you quoted your cousin who plays college soccer about steroid use among college athletes

reference works

includes things such as encyclopedias, yearbooks, quotation books, and biographical aids

red herring fallacy

introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the issue at hand

An advantage of powerpoint

it enables you to integrate different kinds of visual aids in the same speech

newspaper and periodical databases help you to...

locate magazine, journal, and newspaper articles

bandwagon fallacy

mistakenly assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct or desirable

research shows that using visual aids make you come across as...

more credible and better prepared than a speaker who does not use visual aids

When incorporating visual aids in a speech, be sure to...

not break eye contact with the audience while discussing the aids

commemorative speech

pays tribute to a person, a group of people, an institution, or an idea

quoting out of context

quoting a statement in a way that distorts its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it

vocal inflection

reveals whether you are asking a question or making a statement, whether you are being sincere or sarcastic

designated leader

small groups that meet for only one session should almost always have a...

"Uh" "Er" "Um

speakers say this when they do not use pauses frequently

mean

summing all the items in a group and dividing by the number of items

evidence

supporting materials that are used to prove or disprove something

credibility

the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic

graph

the best kind of visual aid for clarifying statistics

Bartlett's Familiar Quotations

the best-known collection of quotations

initial credibility

the credibility of a speaker before she or he starts to speak

terminal credibility

the credibility of the speaker at the end of the speech

derived credibility

the credibility of the speaker produced by everything she or he says during the speech itself

ad hominem

the fallacy of attacking the other person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute

pitch

the highness or lowness of sounds produced by the human voice

median

the middle number in a group of numbers arranged in order from highest to lowest

hasty generalization

the most common fallacy in reasoning from specific instances

persuasive speaking

the most complex and challenging kind of public speaking

ethos

the name Aristotle gave to credibility

pathos

the name used by Aristotle for the emotional appeal of the speaker

logos

the name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker

mode

the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers

every speech contains two messages...

the one sent by the speaker and the one received by the listener

articulation

the physical production of particular speech sounds (wanna = want to)

persuasion

the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions

with an impromptu speech...

the speaker delivers a speech with little or no immediate preparation

policy, value and fact

the three kinds of questions that give rise to persuasive speeches

Even when listeners don't pay attention...

they don't process a speaker's message exactly as the speaker intended

One of the main reasons to use examples in your speech

they put abstract ideas into concrete terms that listeners can easily understand

emergent leaders

those who assume a leadership role in a small group because of her or his ability, personality or talkativeness

implied leaders

those whom other group members defer to because of his or her rank or expertise

the aim of successful speechmaking is...

to gain a desired response from listeners, but not compromise his or her beliefs to do so

speech of presentation

to present a gift or award to the recipient

When making a powerpoint slide...

try to use no more than three colors so that the slide will be visually appealing

to help bring a speech to life...

use your own knowledge and experience

acceptance speech

when an individual gives thanks for an award or gift

library

where you can find in-depth research materials

When using testimony in a speech...

you can paraphrase or use a direct quotation

simile

"memories are like fingerprints - no two sets are ever the same"

metaphor

"my grandmother is the glue that holds our family together"

special occasion speech

EX: presenting an award to a retiring newspaper editor

achieving the goals of the group

Every member of a problem-solving small group should commit themselves to...

audience analysis and adaptation

affect all aspects of speechwriting plus the delivery of the speech itself

slippery slope fallacy

assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented

egocentrism

audiences typically approach speeches by asking "Why is this important for me?"

clichés

avoid phrases like "dry as a bone" or "dark as night" or "smart as a whip" or "clear as a bell"

Google and Yahoo

cannot always count of the reliability of research materials found from these two internet search engines

employers look for...

college graduates who can communicated effectively with people of different cultural backgrounds

the primary purpose of speechmaking is NOT to...

demonstrate your command of the topic