COMM 1110 Midterm Study Guide

CH5: How can you develop your ethos before and during your speech?

Acknowledge the audience, be upfront about your purpose, don't state why you are credible

CH14: According to contemporary psychology research, at what age do accent-based biases become internalized as a part of one's self-concept?

Age 10

CH3: During what stage in the speaking process do most people experience peak anxiety? (anticipation, confrontation, adaptation, or release)

Anticipation

CH9: Which components of an introduction are essential

Attention Getter, thesis, and preview of main points.

CH14: Why is vocal variety important?

Audience interpretation of your messages are shaped by vocal variety.

CH10: What does it mean to have balanced, separate, and parallel-structured main points?

Balanced: Spend the same amount of time on each point Separate: Make sure points don't overlap too much Parallel Structure: Structuring points to make them sound similar.

CH5: What is ethos? *In particular, what insights does Aristotle offer about ethos?

Character and credibility, artistic mode of proof, and speech placement.

CH3: What are some of the techniques for managing your anxiety before and during your speech?

Cognitive restructuring, positive self-talk & visualization, preparation, systematic desensitization

CH14: What are the components (verbal and nonverbal) of good extemporaneous delivery? How should you effectively practice your speech?

Conversational speech and aim for 80:20 eye contact. Slightly vary your wording when you practice and practice varying your volume, rate, pitch, and pauses.

CH7: What is the difference between quoting and paraphrasing?

Direct quote cites the actual words used. Paraphrasing uses the source's idea but in your own words.

CH11: What are the basic purposes of a conclusion?

Emphasize the importance of your overall message, aid the audience's memory of your main takeaway, and signal that the speech has come to a close.

CH3: Contrary to what one might assume, why is it good to have moderate levels of speaking anxiety?

Enthusiasm

LL2: What are the three components of a rhetorical situation?

Exigence, Audience, and Constraints

LL1: What are some general tips for presenting material in an informative manner?

Explicitly define all key terms, limit technical terminally, use familiar information to make unfamiliar information understandable,. personalize your content, and avoid statements like "as you all know."

CH9: What are the basic purposes of an introduction?

Grab the audience's attention, convey the purpose of your speech, establish credibility, offer reasons why the audience should listen, preview of the main ideas.

CH12: Why is outlining important?

Helps maintains the speech's focus on the thesis, helps organize the message to the audience, and helps deliver clearer meanings.

CH9: How do you structure an effective preview of your main points?

Identifies the specific main points that will be present in the speech body.

CH14: What are the four basic methods of speech delivery?

Impromptu, extemporaneous, manuscript, and speaking from memory

CH14: What are some of the advantages and limitations of each method?

Impromptu: Adv-Spontaneous and candid. Lim-Organization Extemporaneous: Adv- Organization. Lim- Rehearsal Requirement Manuscript: Adv- Exact Wording. Lim- Eye Contact and often uninteresting

CH14: How should you construct effective notecards?

Include key words and phrases, only write on one side, number them, consider how your notecards impact your nonverbals, practice with your notecards.

CH10: Why are transitions important, and where do you use them in a speech?

Indicates when you have finished one thought and are moving to another. You use them to remind and reveal.

CH5: What are the three central types of credibility?

Initial, derived, and terminal

CH11: What does it mean to have a conclusion that "comes full circle"?

It gives your audience a sense of closure.

CH11: How does the serial position effect impact the way you craft a speech?

It restates your main ideas to help you take advantage of the recency effect. It also helps your audience remember you ideas.

LL2: According to Aristotle, what are the three branches or oratory?

Judicial, deliberative, and epideictic

CH5: What does it mean to be audience-centered?

Keep the audience in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.

CH14: What have psychologists hypothesized is the reason for differences in accent-based biases amongst regional groups of children?

Learned behavior through Influence of media and representation in dominant culture.

CH9: Which components of an introduction are optional and how do you decide when to use these optional components?

Link to topic if your attention getter does not connect to your topic. So what, can be used in the conclusion Credibility statement if you gave you experienced the topic or by oral citations.

CH5: What does it mean to understand public speaking as a dialogic activity?

Meaning is Co-created by the speaker and Audience, in people not words themselves, and is built on shared experiences, perspective, knowledge, and values.

CH14: What is an accent?

Mode of pronunciation of a language

CH3: What is power posing, and what are the general hypotheses behind this psychology research?

People stand in a posture that they mentally associate with being powerful, in the hope of feeling and behaving more assertively. It also gives confidence to the speaker.

CH3: What is communication apprehension?

Physiological response to (real or perceived) evaluation in a communication context.

LL2: What are the general features of eulogia as a genre of rhetoric?

Praise for the deceased, self-disclosure of emotion, promotion of problem-focused coping in the form of suggested actions and positive reappraisal.

LL1: Generally, what type of citational material should you include in an oral citation?

Publication date, author or affiliated organization's name, author's qualifications, and/or publication title

CH11: What are some of the concluding devices you could use in an informative speech?

Quotation, narrative, statistic, or rhetorical question, visualize the future, and summary.

CH11: What are the important components of an effective conclusion?

Review of main points, restatement of thesis, and concluding device.

LL2: According to Bitzer (1968), what is rhetoric?

Rhetoric is a mode of altering reality, not by the direct application of energy to object, but by the creation of discourse which changes reality through the mediation of thought and action.

CH3: What is sympathetic listening?

Shows that we understand what a person is saying and how it is affecting them.

CH12: What type of outline should you use to help prepare your notecards?

Speaking Outline

LL1: What is the three-step method for citing and presenting research orally?

The citation, the research itself, and your explanation

CH11: What is the serial position effect?

The idea that people remember ideas that are stated either first or last in the list the most.

CH10: What are some common organizational patterns used in informative speeches?

Topical, chronological, spatial, and compare/contrast

CH3: What are some of the different types of anxiety associated with communication?

Trait, Context. Audience, and Situational.

LL1: How should oral citations be distributed throughout your speech?

Uniformly throughout the speech

CH14: What are the basic components of vocalics/ paralanguage?

Volume, pitch and inflection, rate, articulation and pronunciation, and pauses.

CH12: What are three important types of outlines?

Working outline, full-sentence outline and speaking outline

CH3: In the context of communication apprehension, what is the illusion of transparency?

Your Perceptions VS. Audience Perceptions when you are nervous.