Comm Health

A nurse in a health clinic is reviewing a client's chart. Which of the following tools should the nurse use to determine the client's biological risk? a. ecomap b. genogram c. SCREEM d. family APGAR

b. genogram A genogram shows the patterns of disease within a family over at 3 generations and it allows for immediate identification of health risks which enables the nurse to determine biological risks of the client.

A primary care nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client. Which of the following chronic conditions should the nurse identify as risk factors for developing kidney disease? a. chronic lung disease b. hypertension c. diabetes d. coronary heart disease e. obesity

b. hypertension c. diabetes d. coronary heart disease e. obesity Chronic lung disease is incorrect. Chronic lung disease is not a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease. Chronic lung disease has not been linked as a contributing factor for damaging the kidneys or inhibiting the kidneys' ability to remove wastes, toxins, or excess fluid. Hypertension is correct. Risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease include having other chronic illnesses such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and heart disease. To prevent the development of kidney disease, it is important to adequately manage chronic conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and control modifiable risk factors through wellness practices such as a healthy diet, exercise, weight control, and avoiding smoking. Diabetes is correct. Risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease include having other chronic illnesses such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and heart disease. To prevent the development of kidney disease, it is important to adequately manage chronic conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and control modifiable risk factors through wellness practices such as a healthy diet, exercise, weight control, and avoiding smoking. Coronary heart disease is correct. Risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease include having other chronic illnesses such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and heart disease. To prevent the development of kidney disease, it is important to adequately manage chronic conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and control modifiable risk factors through wellness practices such as a healthy diet, exercise, weight control, and avoiding smoking. Obesity is correct. Risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease include having other chronic illnesses such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and heart disease. To prevent the development of kidney disease, it is important to adequately manage chronic conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and control modifiable risk factors through wellness practices such as a healthy diet, exercise, weight control, and avoiding smoking.

A nurse is providing a health and wellness presentation at a local shelter for clients without housing. Which of the following information should the nurse include during the presentation? a. limited food is a behavioral concern b. safety is a major concern c. health care is readily accessible d. there is a decreased risk for chronic conditions

b. safety is a major concern Clients who live in a shelter for people without housing are considered vulnerable. Safety is a major concern that should be discussed. The nurse should include information for resources that promotes safety and security.

A nurse is presenting information about the prevention of sexually transmitted infections to a group of high school students. The nurse should identify that this is an example of which of the following types of prevention? a. secondary prevention b. quaternary prevention c. primary prevention d. tertiary prevention

c. primary prevention Primary prevention includes preventive measures that come before the onset of illness or injury and before the disease process begins. Therefore, an educational presentation about safe sexual practices is an example of primary prevention.

A nurse and a family have identified a problem that needs to be addressed. Which of the following should the nurse remember when determining interventions? a. family members should be involved in the formulation of interventions b. interventions should only consider the needs of the individual c. interventions should be solely based on what the nurse and provider think is best d. interventions should be based on what the weaknesses of the family are

a. family members should be involved in the formulation of interventions Involving family members in the formulation of interventions and remembering that the family operates as unit can help achieve success for the individuals and the family

A nurse is obtaining a health history from a client. The client states, "I am not taking my medications because of their costs." Which of the following statements should the nurse make? a. "I can provide you with resources to assist with your concern" b. "It seems that you do not understand the purpose of your medications" c. "I think you like receiving attention" d. "You should consider at least taking your medications every other day"

a. "I can provide you with resources to assist with your concern" Resources to help the client pay for their medications would assist the client with being compliant.

A community health nurse is teaching a group of community members about natural disasters. Which of the following information about natural disasters should the nurse include in the teaching? a. they are geological or meteorological occurrences b. they always occur without warning c. they require less planning to prepare for them than human-made disasters d. they can be intentional or unintentional

a. they are geological or meteorological occurances Natural disasters are geological or meteorological events, such as hurricanes, tornados, and earthquakes.

A community health nurse is training a newly licensed nurse on the use of case studies and case reports. Which of the following information should the nurse provide about when these tools are utilized? a. they provide a starting point fo further study b. to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment intervention c. to demonstrate a casual relationship d. data is being collected about risk factors and disease simultaneously

a. they provide a starting point for a further study When taking actions to teach about the use of case studies and case reports, the nurse should explain that case studies and reports are used for emerging diseases or when a disease is changing.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new onset of diabetes mellitus and is experiencing uncontrolled blood glucose levels. The client informs the nurse about their strict dietary compliance. Which secondary prevention actions should the nurse anticipate the provider prescribing? a. peritoneal dialysis therapy b. oral hypoglycemic medications c. insulin injections daily d. fluid restrictions

b. oral hypoglycemia medications The next step in controlling blood glucose for a client who has a new onset of diabetes mellitus, is to begin oral hypoglycemic agents. This is done as a secondary prevention after adjusting the diet.

A nurse is reviewing a client's intake form to determine the client's living conditions. In which of the following areas of the intake form should the nurse expect to find this information? a. ecomap b. genogram c. social determinants of health d. family apgar

c. social determinants of health Where a person lives can have an impact on their health and is considered a social determinant of health. A nurse should identify and address consequences of social determinants of health.

A nurse in a community health clinic is explaining to staff members that a mutation of influenza has increased the communicability of the virus. Which of the following information should the nurse include to describe the effect of the communicability of a virus? a. the new mutation can survive in the environment and retain infectivity b. the new mutation causes more severe disease c. the new mutation spreads easier from one individual to another d. the new mutation requires a larger amount of the virus to cause disease

c. the new mutation spreads easier from one individual to another The nurse should explain that communicability means the ability of an agent to spread from one individual to another.

A nurse is assessing a family to identify potential risk factors. The nurse should recognize that which of the following areas is an example of an environmental risk factor? a. sexual practices b. ethnicity c. work stress d. age

c. work stress Work stress is an example of an environmental risk factor. Environmental factors may include noise pollution, air pollution, lead exposure, social isolation, and work stress.

A nurse in a public clinic is planning a health fair for clients in the community who are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following activities should the nurse include for secondary prevention? a. providing a cooking lesson using sugar alternatives b. demonstrating a 15 minute exercise routine c. screening for blood sugar levels d. educating about stress management strategie

c. screening for blood sugar levels The nurse should recognize that screening for blood sugar levels is a secondary prevention method. Secondary prevention measures include screening to detect disease early

A community health nurse is assigned to assist a community with disaster preparedness. Which of the following information is true about disaster preparedness? a. preparing for a disaster is not always necessary because some events are out of human control b. the government is solely responsible for disaster preparedness c. disaster preparedness is accomplished when a few emergency drills have been completed d. disaster preparedness is shared responsibility of the nation

d. disaster preparedness is shared responsibility of the nation Everyone, including individuals and families, businesses, faith-based and community organizations, nonprofit groups, schools and academia, media outlets, and all levels of government, is responsible for disaster preparedness.

A public health nurse is investigating a food-borne illness outbreak following a community picnic. After calculating the attack rate, which of the following foods served at the picnic should the nurse determine is the most likely cause of the outbreak? a. cantaloupe with an attack rate of 12% b. potato salad with an attack rate of 42% c. macaroni salad with an attack rate of 47% d. ham sandwich with an attack rate of 72%

d. ham sandwich with an attack rate of 72% When analyzing cues, the nurse should identify the attack rate of 72% as the highest attack rate, and this food item was most likely the cause of the outbreak.

A community health nurse is preparing an educational activity that addresses the domains of learning. The nurse should know that the affective domain focuses on which of the following? a. the learners desire to participate b. the learner's ability to perform a skill c. the learner's knowledge and skill level d. the learner's feelings, beliefs, and attitudes

d. the learner's feelings, beliefs, and attitudes The affective domain focuses on how the learner's feelings, beliefs, and attitudes change after they learn new information.

A school nurse receives a telephone call from a parent who suspects their school-age child may have coronavirus-2 (SARS-C0V-2). Which of the following instructions should the nurse give as secondary prevention? a. the child should be taken to the hospital if they develop difficulty breathing b. the child should be tested to determine the cause of their illness c. the child should wear a mask to school d. the child should be immunized prior to coming to school

b. the child should be tested to determine the cause of their illness c. the child should wear a mask to school The nurse instructing the child to obtain testing for coronavirus is an example of secondary prevention. A measure that is implemented to provide early detection and treatment is secondary prevention.

A nurse is providing care to client who is pregnant. Which of the following findings should receive highest priority when providing care? a. client's age less than 16 b. client's decreased caloric intake c. lack of health insurance d. history of anemia

a. client's age less than 16 When using the greatest risk priority framework, the nurse should identify that and age less than 16, is the highest priority. Adolescent clients are considered high-risk because they could experience low socioeconomic status, late entry into prenatal care, and limited knowledge about self-care knowledge, which can lead to complications during the client's pregnancy.

A nurse and a community health team are trying to define key members who should help lead implementation of a community program. Which of the following individuals would be considered a community influencer? a. the program director of the local community health department b. an individual who owns a vacation home in the community c. a local high school student d. the corporate manager of the restaurant chain with a facility in the community

a. the program director of the local community health department The nurse should identify that this is an example of a community influencer. Community influencers are members of the community who are seen as community leaders and who have influence on other community members.

A public health nurse is coordinating with a community health team. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates that they understand their role and the nature of collaboration? a. "collaboration allows key stakeholders to share differing viewpoints" b. "i will encourage subpopulations to develop unique goals to meet their unique needs" c. "i will act only in a subservient role, taking direction from community leaders in collaborative efforts" d. "for best results, collaboration in the community should be limited to a smaller number of groups sharing common backgrounds and interests."

a. "collaboration allows key stakeholders to share differing viewpoints" Community collaboration offers a way to bring differing insights to specific issues. Collaboration allows key stakeholders to share differing viewpoints and learn about values and goals of diverse sectors of the population.

A nurse and a community team are assessing their community using the built environment assessment tool. Which of the following is a core feature of the built environment assessment tool? a. walkability b. financial stability c. local ordinances d. community at large

a. walkability The nurse should identify that core features of the built environment assessment tool include walkability, infrastructure such as biking paths, recreation structures, and food.

A nurse is caring for a client who has reported experiencing abuse at home. Which of the following actions should be a priority for the nurse? a. instruct the client on how to leave the relationship b. assess risk for immediate harm c. refer the client to a community support group d. implement a safety plan

b. assess risk for immediate harm The top priority for the nurse would be to establish safety and prevent further immediate harm.

A nurse is planning activities to increase disaster preparedness in the community. Which of the following activities should the nurse include? a. establish a "new normal" b. identify emergency shelter locations c. assess community members' homes for vulnerabilities d. refer community members to mental health services

b. identify emergency shelter locations Disaster preparedness includes activities that get members of the community ready to endure a disaster. Locating an emergency shelter prior to a disaster happening is one way to practice disaster preparedness

A nurse is teaching about the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) with the client and their caregiver who is their adult child. Which of the following statements by the caregiver indicates understanding? a. "I'm not eligible for FMLA because I've been employed less than a year" b. "there are strict conditions to qualify for FMLA" c. "During FMLA, I will not receive a paycheck" d. "FMLA is only provided companies that have at least 20 employees"

c. "During FMLA, I will not receive a paycheck" FMLA is a benefit that is provided by all employers for all employees to take time off to care for family as needed. It is unpaid leave and allows for job security while out of work for medical leave such as the care of family member.

A nurse in a clinic is providing care for a client who has a chronic health condition. Which of the following actions should the nurse identify as a primary prevention activity to prevent the progression of the client's chronic condition? a. assist the client's family with memory care placement b. refer the client to a provider that can provide management of the condition with medicaiton c. providing a brochure with information about community resources d. refer the client for hospice services

c. providing a brochure with information about community resources Primary prevention focuses on guiding clients to information and resources available for their disease or situation.

A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who was brought in by their family. The nurse suspects the client has uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. suggest the client go home and return if the client gets worse b. refer the client to an endocrinologist to address the suspected manifestations c. treat the symptoms and give the client medication to take at home d. begin tests to determine the cause of the client's symptoms while asking about other social concerns

d. begin tests to determine the cause of the client's symptoms while asking about other social concerns Diabetes mellitus is considered a chronic condition that can cause vulnerability. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to provide comprehensive assessment and determine the cause of the client's symptoms and inquire about social concerns. This would allow for the nurse to determine the need for social and economic assistance.

A community health nurse is searching for data about health behaviors related to smoking and exercise. Which of the following resources should the nurse use to find data about health behaviors in their local area? a. national institutes of health (NIH) office of disease prevention (ODP) b. cochrane c. healthy people 2030 d. county health rankings

d. county health rankings The nurse should identify that the County Health Rankings is a source of data about health behaviors among residents in their county.

A home health nurse is providing care for client and observes during the visit that the client's caregiver appears tired and tearful. Which of the following activities should the nurse suggest to the client's caregiver? a. insist that other members give them days off from providing care b. limit visits from other family members during the week c. keep a detailed log of the client's activities d. schedule a time each day to get out and exercise

d. schedule a time each day to get out and exercise Caregivers should take time to care for themselves, and engage in activities, such as exercise, to take breaks, promote their own health, and stay active.

A nurse is collecting data from a client and their full-time caregiver who is their adult child. The caregiver appears to be disheveled and irritable. Which of the following should the nurse identify as a caregiver concern to address? a. roles b. injury c. deficient knowledge d. self care

d. self care The caregiver's self-care needs could be potentially neglected because taking care of a client full-time can cause strain and fatigue. Therefore, the nurse should address with the caregiver importance of maintaining self-care.

A community health nurse is conducting a presentation about modifiable risk factors at a local community center. A community member asks a question and the nurse does not know the answer. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. admit not knowing the answer to the question and advise they will follow up b. answer as best as possible, even though they are unsure c. ask the community member to hold their question until the end so the nurse can have some time to think about the answer d. pause the presentation to research the answer to the question

a. admit not knowing the answer to the question and advise they will follow up The nurse should be honest and admit to not knowing the answer, and follow up after doing some research.

A nurse should recognize that which of the following factors contributes to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) becoming a significant public health problem? a. antibiotic resistance b. lack of primary prevention methods c. unknown mechanism of transmission d. increased communicability

a. antibiotic resistance The nurse should recognize certain STIs have developed antibiotic resistance to currently available treatments, creating a significant public health problem.

A school is providing education about the spread of COVID-19 across national boundaries and throughout the world in 2020, which prompted disease control measures in most countries. Which of the following terms should the nurse use to describe this level of disease? a. pandemic b. endemic c. cluster d. epidemic

a. pandemic When taking action to describe an epidemic that spreads and affects a larger number of people in different countries, the nurse should use the term pandemic.

A school nurse is preparing a lesson for a high school health class about the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Which of the following interventions should the nurse include that aims to block transmission of STIs at the portal of exit? a. condom use b. antibiotics c. prophylactic antivirals d. immunizations

a. condoms Condoms prevent the occurrence of some types of STIs by blocking the portal of exit, or the path through which the agent leaves the host, from an infected person.

A nurse is collecting and assessing primary and secondary data in the community. Which of the following is an example of secondary data? a. crime statistics b. community informant interviews c. windshield survery d. direct observation

a. crime statistics Crime statistics are collected secondhand and is considered secondary data.

A nurse is taking part in a community-wide program evaluation. Which of the following is true of program evaluation? a. evaluation involves the collection of data about a program to improve that program b. evaluation might not be important to an initiative, depending on the outcome of the initiative c. evaluations rely solely on quantitative data, which is measurable and quantifiable d. evaluation is not used in decision-making; it is simply to provide a community snapshot in real time

a. evaluation involves the collection of data about a program to improve that program The nurse should identify that evaluation is the systematic collection of information about the activities, characteristics, and outcomes of programs. Evaluations can be used to reduce uncertainties, improve effectiveness, and make decisions.

A community health nurse is preparing an educational activity that addresses the domains of learning. The nurse should know that the psychomotor domain involves which of the following? a. fine motor skills b. gross motor skills c. thought processes d. autonomic reflexes e. prioritizing value

a. fine motor skills b. gross motor skills d. autonomic reflexes Fine motor skills is correct. An individual's fine motor skills fall under the psychomotor domain. Gross motor skills is correct. An individual's gross motor skills fall under the psychomotor domain. Thought processes is incorrect. An individual's thought processes are examined in the cognitive domain. Autonomic reflexes is correct. An individual's autonomic reflexes fall under the psychomotor domain. Prioritizing value is incorrect. Prioritization of values is a characteristic of the affective domain.

A nurse is discussing individual client factors that influence developing a communicable or infectious disease with a peer. Which of the following factors could increase a client's risk for contracting a communicable or infectious disease? a. immunosuppressant medications b. poor nutrition c. immunizations are up to date d. older age e. living in nursing home

a. immunosuppressant medications b. poor nutrition d. older age e. living in nursing home Immunosuppressant medications is correct. The nurse should recognize immunosuppressant medications impair an individual's innate immune response. Poor nutrition is correct. The nurse should recognize that healthy nutrition is a protective factor that decreases the susceptibility of a host to a communicable or infectious disease. Older age is correct. The nurse should recognize immunizations are a protective factor that decreases the susceptibility of a host to a communicable or infectious disease. Older age is correct. The nurse should recognize that extremes in age, very young or very old, result in a greater risk for susceptibility to or being a host for communicable or infectious diseases. Living in a nursing home is correct. The nurse should recognize congregate living environments, such as nursing homes, increase the susceptibility of a host to a communicable or infectious disease.

A nurse notices that a family is in denial about a family member's diagnosis. The nurse knows that this is an example of family dysfunction. The nurse should identify which of the following as a characteristic of family dysfunction? a. ineffective problem solving b. stable structure and function of the family c. willingness to change d. appreciation and affection

a. ineffective problem solving This is a characteristic of dysfunction in a family. Family dysfunction may lead to conflict among members, difficulty in identifying or solving problems, and moves the family toward a continual crises.

A nurse is preparing a presentation on common mental health disorders in children. Which of the following definitions should the nurse use to define mental health disorders among children? a. mental health disorders are significant changes in the way children normally learn, behave, or deal with emotions b. mental health disorders are potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood c. mental health disorders are conditions related to the way the brain grows and develops d. mental health disorders are behaviors that harm a child's self worth or emotional well being

a. mental health disorders are significant changes in the way children normally learn, behave, or deal with emotions Mental health disorders in children are defined as significant changes in the way children normally learn, behave, or deal with emotions, resulting in distress and interfering with daily life

A community health nurse is teaching a group of school age children about proper handwashing technique. The nurse should identify that this intervention targets which of the following links in the chain of transmission? a. mode of transmission b. portal of exit c. portal of entry d. susceptible host

a. mode of transmission When taking actions to provide teaching about breaking the chain of infection, the nurse should identify handwashing as one of the most effective ways to prevent infectious disease transmission.

A community health nurse is responsible for assessing vulnerabilities throughout the community. Which of the following phases of the disaster management cycle is the nurse participating in? a. prevention/mitigation b. preparedness c. recovery d. response

a. prevention/mitigation The prevention/mitigation phase is aimed at stopping a disaster from happening or lessening the effects of a disaster. Assessing for vulnerabilities before a disaster occurs allows time for vulnerabilities to be repaired or removed prior to a disaster happening, thereby decreasing the effects of the disaster.

A major element of the health belief model is the likelihood that an individual will take action. Which of the following is an example of a cue to action? a. receiving a text from their health care provider reminding them about an upcoming appointment b. perceiving the severity of an illness or disease c. watching a news program about how cholesterol affects the body d. noticing a billboard encouraging screening for sexually transmitted diseases e. discussing dietary changes with their family

a. receiving a text from their health care provider reminding them about an upcoming appointment c. watching a news program about how cholesterol affects the body d. noticing a billboard encouraging screening for sexually transmitted diseases e. discussing dietary changes with their family Receiving a text from their health care provider reminding them about an upcoming appointment is correct. This is an example of a cue to action. Perceiving the severity of an illness or disease is incorrect. An individual's perception about disease severity is not a cue to action. Watching a news program about how cholesterol affects the body is correct. Watching an educational program is a cue to action. Noticing a billboard encouraging screening for sexually transmitted diseases is correct. Reminders in any form can serve as a cue to action. Discussing dietary changes with their family is correct. Talking with friends and family about health changes is a cue to action.

Which of the following is a human-made disaster? a. release of manufactured smallpox b. landslide c. arson d. train derailment e. flood

a. release of manufactured smallpox c. arson d. train derailment Release of manufactured smallpox is correct. Pathogens that are manufactured and released create human-made disasters. Landslide is incorrect. A landslide is a geological event, which makes it a natural disaster. Arson is correct. Arson is the starting of fires intentionally to destroy property; therefore, it is a human-made disaster. Train derailment is correct. A train derailment is typically the result of human error; therefore, it is a human-made disaster. Flood is incorrect. A flood is a meteorological event, which makes it a natural disaster.

A nurse should identify which of the following as ways to make a positive impact in reducing health disparities in the clients they care for? a. screen clients for intimate partner violence in the acute setting b. inquire about school performance of all school age children in the acute setting c. assume older adult clients are safe when in an assistant living facility d. provide gun safety information to individuals when requested

a. screen clients for intimate partner violence in the acute setting b. inquire about school performance of all school age children in the acute setting d. provide gun safety information to individuals when requested Screen clients for intimate partner violence in the acute setting is correct. Screening clients in all settings is a way the nurse in the acute setting can identify clients at risk for intimate partner violence. Inquire about school performance of all school-age children in the acute setting is correct. Nurses should inquire about school success for all children in all settings. Assume older adult clients are safe when in an assistant living facility is incorrect. This is a false assumption. Nurses should be alert for signs of abuse for all older adult clients regardless of the facility. Provide gun safety information to individuals when requested is incorrect. Gun safety information should be part of assessment for individuals who keep guns in the home. Provide parenting support information to parents seen in the emergency department is correct. Providing information on parenting is important for families seen in all settings.

A nurse is completing a summative evaluation of a condom distribution program at a local community college. Which of the following metrics should the nurse include? a. number of condoms distributed b. decrease in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections c. number of students who engage in sex d. location of the community college campus

b. decrease in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections When evaluating actions, the nurse should recognize that a decrease in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections may take several years and would be included in a summative evaluation.

A community health nurse is planning community initiatives collaboratively and working on assembling a community team. To help overcome barriers, which of the following should the nurse propose? a. encourage the creation of subgroups based on similar values b. establish one group that can focus on a shared vision c. allow for the division into subgroups based on cultural similarities d. ensure the group is limited to group members with similar professional backgrounds

b. establish one group that can focus on a shared vision A shared vision is important in helping overcome barriers. Differing values, cultural differences, and professional differences could create barriers, but collaborative work toward a shared vision can help overcome these barriers.

A newly hired nurse understands that visiting a family in their home can have several advantages. Which of the following is an example of one of these advantages? a. family members can eat dinner during the visit b. family members can participate in the visit to share information c. a visiting nurse can visit based on a schedule that is convenient for the nurse d. a visiting nurse can build a social relationship with the family

b. family members can participate in the visit to share information Visiting the family in their home can have several advantages. The nurse will be able to see the environment the family lives in. Additionally, more family members may be able to participate in the visit and share information more readily being in their own environment.

A public health nurse is screening families for risks of child maltreatment at a local community clinic. Which of the following should the nurse consider a community-level risk factor for child maltreatment? a. caregiver role strain b. few recreational activities for young people c. lack of financial resources d. prior history of maltreatment or trauma

b. few recreational activities for young people Few recreational activities for young people is considered a community risk factor for maltreatment.

A nurse is conducting a formative evaluation of a smoking cessation program. Which of the following metrics should the evaluation include? a. post program satisfaction b. number of people who have attended smoking cessation workshops since program implementation c. cigarette sales in the community following the conclusion of the program d. trends in lung cancer morbidity and mortality for community members who attended the program

b. number of people who have attended smoking cessation workshops since program implementation When evaluating outcomes, the nurse should consider the number of attendees as part of the formative evaluation. A process evaluation is a type of formative evaluation often used to determine if a new program is being implemented as planned.

A nurse who works with marginalized clients knows that a biased attitude can affect the health outcomes of these clients. Which of the following impacts might be observed if the nurse has a biased attitude? a. better health outcomes for the clients b. poor health outcomes for the clients c. no impact on the health outcomes for the clients d. lower morbidity for the clients

b. poor health outcomes for the clients Prejudice against a group of clients can lead to poorer health outcomes.

An occupational health nurse is having difficulty implementing evidence-based interventions in a workplace safety program provided by their company. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as organizational barriers to implementation of evidence-based practice? a. the nurse has limited information technology skills b. the nurse has limited time related to a heavy workload c. the nurse does not have access to evidence based databases on their work computer d. the nurse was told by a supervisor that management does not support changes in practice e. the nurse does not know how to conduct advanced searches on evidence based databases f. the nurse does not have experience in evaluating statistics

b. the nurse has limited time related to a heavy workload c. the nurse does not have access to evidence based databases on their work computer d. the nurse was told by a supervisor that management does not support changes in practice The nurse has limited information technology skills is incorrect. The nurse identifies that limited information technology skills are knowledge deficits that are common barriers to implementation of evidence-based practice. The nurse has limited time related to a heavy workload is correct. The nurse identifies that limited time related to heavy workloads is a common organizational barrier to implementation of evidence-based practice. The nurse does not have access to evidence-based databases on their work computer is correct. The nurse identifies that lack of resources is a common organizational barrier to implementation of evidence-based practice. The nurse was told by a supervisor that management does not support changes in practice is correct. The nurse identifies that absence of encouragement for the evidence-based practice process is a common organizational barrier to implementation of evidence-based practice. The nurse does not know how to conduct advanced searches on evidence-based databases is incorrect. The nurse identifies that insufficient understanding of how to search for evidence is a common barrier related to knowledge deficits. The nurse does not have experience in evaluating statistics is incorrect. The nurse identifies that lack of experience in evaluating statistics is a common barrier related to knowledge deficits.

A school nurse is searching for evidence-based information about the use of spacers with metered-dose inhalers (MDI) among school-age children. Which part of their PICOT question represents the "I": Among school-age children, does the use of a spacer with an MDI compared with the use of no spacer decrease the incidence of asthma exacerbations during winter months? a. during winter months b. use of a space with an MDI c. school age children d. decrease the incidence of asthma exacerbations

b. use of a space with an MDI The nurse identifies that use of a spacer with an MDI represents the intervention (I) in the PICOT question.

A nurse is admitting a client who requests not to be intubated or have any other life saving measures initiated. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. inform the client that their family can override their decison b. inform the client that the provider must agree with this decision c. ask the client if they have a copy of their advance directive d. ask the client family if they're in agreement with the client's request

c. ask the client if they have a copy of their advance directive Asking for a copy of the client's advanced directive ensures that the client's decision is honored. A copy of the advanced directive should be placed in the client's chart.

A community health nurse is reviewing a new county ordinance that prohibits the sale of tobacco to anyone under 18 years of age. The nurse should recognize this ordinance as which of the following levels of prevention? a. community, secondary b. individual, primary c. community, primary d. individual, secondary

c. community, primary The nurse should recognize that community-level prevention includes interventions that are population-based and aimed at improving the health of communities and decreasing disparities that result in health inequalities. Prohibiting tobacco sales is a primary prevention measure because it prevents a disease from occurring by preventing access to tobacco products.

A school nurse is working with a population of parents who are concerned about the decreased number of students in their district who are completing high school. Which of the following is a reason for the nurse to choose community-engaged research to investigate the problem? a. it involves a linear process b. it is a process that solves social inequities c. it involves a commitment to a longterm, sustainable process d. it is a process that focuses on the learning of individuals

c. it involves commitment to a longterm sustainable process The nurse should identify that community-engaged research involves a long-term process and a commitment to sustainability.

A nurse and a community team are prioritizing community-level data. Which of the following is true about data prioritization strategies? a. a one size fits all approach saves time when utilizing a prioritization strategy b. using a single strategy throughout the process of prioritization fosters stability c. the team should identify that there are strengths and weaknesses to any approach d. a strategy that can focus on an unlimited number of priorities is best for a team approach

c. the team should identify that there are strengths and weaknesses to any approach The team should identify that any approach to data prioritization will have strengths and weaknesses. Each community should determine for themselves which strategy fits their needs.

A school nurse is providing teaching to a group of students preparing for a study abroad trip to a country where malaria is endemic. The nurse reminds the students to take their antimalarial medication. Which of the following parts of the epidemiologic triangle does the nurse's recommendation reflect? a. host b. vector c. environment d. agent

d. agent When taking action to provide teaching about antimalarial medications, the nurse's recommendations reflect the effects of antimalarial medications on the agent.

A public health nurse is working to identify vulnerable populations in the community. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the characteristics of vulnerable populations? a. groups of people who live in areas of high exposure to environmental hazards b. groups of people who share similar average rates of illness and disability c. individuals who are more exposed to risk than their peers due to illness, disability, or barriers to obtaining resources d. groups of people who are at a higher risk for poor health due to illness, disability, or barriers to obtaining resources

d. groups of people who are at a higher risk for poor health due to illness, disability, or barriers to obtaining resources Vulnerable populations are groups of people who are at a higher risk for poor health because of illness, disability, or the barriers they experience in obtaining social, economic, political, and environmental resources.

A community health nurse is organizing an event and is looking for community members to partner with. The nurse should understand that it is important to partner with community members for which of the following reasons? a. the nurse can change the community members' perspective by working closely with them b. partnering with community members will allow the nurse time to work on more important tasks c. community members will be less likely to give a negative critique about the event d. it will help ensure the community members' concerns are heard and their ideas are incorporated into the planning of the event

d. it will help ensure the community members' concerns are heard and their ideas are incorporated into the planning of the event Partnering with community members is necessary to ensure that their concerns are being addressed.

A nurse is caring for an older adult client in an acute setting. The client is malnourished and has bruising on the upper extremities. The nurse communicates concerns with the provider and manager. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next? a. follow the facility's process to report suspected abuse b. refer the client to the local senior citizen center for day care c. contact protective services for an evaluation of the client's living conditions d. call law enforcement to report the injuries

a. follow the facility's process to report suspected abuse The nurse should follow the institution's policies on reporting suspected abuse.

A community health nurse should understand that collaborating with a community and its members involves which of the following? a. actively partnering with community members b. looking at health issues from the community members' perspective c. incorporating community member concerns into health education initiatives d. taking the lead and making decisions for community members e. focusing on the issues that the nurse believes to be important

a. actively partnering with community members b. looking at health issues from the community members' perspective c. incorporating community member concerns into health education initiatives Actively partnering with community members is correct. Collaboration involves partnership with community members. Looking at health issues from the community members' perspective is correct. It is important to consider the viewpoint of community members. Incorporating community member concerns into health education initiatives is correct. Community members' concerns should be factored into the development of health education initiatives. Taking the lead and making decisions for community members is incorrect. Community members should be empowered to make their own decisions. Focusing on the issues that the nurse believes to be important is incorrect. The nurse's focus should be on the concerns of the community members.

A nurse working at a local pediatric clinic wants to help identify children who are at an increased risk of not receiving their well-child preventive care visits. Which of the following factors should the nurse consider when identifying a child who has decreased access to health care? a. the child lives in a low income, densely populated neighborhood b. the child has state funded health insurance c. the child has private health insurance d. the child lives in a suburb of a major metropolitan area

a. the child lives in a low income, densely populated neighborhood Children living in low-income, dense housing, or isolated rural areas might have decreased access to health care.

A nurse is educating nursing students about social factors that influence the health of children. The nurse should recognize that the teaching has been effective when the students correctly identify which of the following as a social determinant of health? a. the child lives in a rural, isolated community b. the child has been diagnosed with an allergy to peanuts c. the child plays soccer with a community league d. the child has a hereditary heart defect

a. the child lives in a rural, isolated community Geographic location is considered a social determinant of health

A public health nurse is responsible for conducting a community-engaged, educational research project in a county. Which of the following principles will the nurse consider when conducting a needs assessment with the residents? a. the results should be disseminated to all residents b. the research should be short term project c. the results should focus on individual learning d. the research should use a linear process

a. the results should be disseminated to all partners The nurse should consider that community-engaged research should be disseminated to all partners.

A community health nurse is discussing types of natural disasters with members of the community. Which of the following should the nurse include as an example of a natural disaster? a. wildfire b. cyberattack c. multi vehicle accident d. bioterrorism

a. wildfire A wildfire is a common natural disaster and is considered a geological hazard.

A community health nurse is reviewing different learning concepts and approaches to incorporate into a health program that they are developing. Which of the following statements by the nurse is correct? a. "the psychomotor domain of learning concentrates on an individual's though processes" b. "considering an individual's learning style helps them to better receive, process, remember, and apply information that they have learned" c. "learning theories focus mainly on an individual's retention of information, not on their learning environment" d. "learning is the responsibility of the educator or nurse"

b. "considering an individual's learning style helps them to better receive, process, remember, and apply information that they have learned" Every learner has a style of learning that is best for them, and allows them to receive, process, remember, and apply learned information easily.

A public health nurse is recruiting Black men for a research study on coronary artery disease. Which of the following reasons explains the importance for the nurse to have knowledge of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study? a. the Tuskegee syphilis study excluded black men b. the tuskegee syphilis study is a source of distrust and a barrier to black clients participating in research studies c. the tuskegee syphilis study demonstrated a correlation between coronary artery disease and syphilis d. the tuskegee syphilis study provides guidelines for recruitment of black and african american research participants

b. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study is a source of distrust and a barrier to Black clients participating in research studies When generating solutions to recruit Black men, the nurse should recognize that there are associations between the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the reluctance of minorities to participate in clinical trials. Participants in the study were denied access to penicillin, an antibiotic which was the treatment of choice for syphilis in the mid 1040's leading to mistrust by underrepresented populations of medicine and research. This study, which spanned 40 years, provided little scientific results. Following the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, the National Research Act of 1974 created the national Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral research.

A nurse is reviewing the EMR of a 50-year-old female client who lives in a rural area. It is documented that the client has not received their routine mammograms. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as contributing to the client's health disparity? a. age b. ethnicity c. gender d. environment

d. environment Living in a rural area is a potential risk factor for accessing health care because there are limited resources available. This could be a barrier and a reason for the client's health disparity.

A team of community health nurses is considering the implementation of new programs in their community, and they are formulating research questions. Which of the following would represent the "T" in their PICOT questions? a. older adults b. school age children c. decreased prevalence of pnemonia d. increased school attendance e. during the summer months f. three months after immunization

e. during the summer months f. three months after immunization Older adults is incorrect. The nurses should recognize that older adults represent a population (P) in a PICOT question. School-age children is incorrect. The nurses should recognize that school age children represent a population (P) in a PICOT question. Decreased prevalence of pneumonia is incorrect. The nurses should recognize that decreased prevalence of pneumonia represents an outcome (O) in a PICOT question. Increased school attendance is incorrect. The nurses should recognize that increased school attendance represents an outcome (O) in a PICOT question. During the summer months is correct. The nurses should recognize that during the summer months represents a time (T) in a PICOT question. Three months after immunization is correct. The nurses should recognize that three months after immunization represents a time (T) in a PICOT question.

A community health nurse is teaching a group of community members about disaster preparedness. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching about when to plan for a disaster? a. "planning for a disaster should happen before a disaster occurs" b. planning for a disaster should occur during the disaster" c. "planning for a disaster should happen after a disaster occurs" d. "planning for a disaster is pointless because disasters are unpredictable"

a. "planning for a disaster should happen before a disaster occurs" The best time to plan for a disaster is before one occurs.

A school nurse notices high rates of student absences from school. According to students, the most common reason for absences is fear associated with having to walk to school. Which of the following actions can the school nurse take to promote risk reduction for their students? a. attend a school board meeting to share the concern of students missing school b. reprimand students for missing days of school c. find resources in the community that provide student conflict resolution strategies to be used as a referral source d. start their own patrol of the neighborhood e. advise students to walk to school regardless of how they feel f. create a peer-to-peer program to address concerns associated with fear and safety for student support

a. attend a school board meeting to share the concern of students missing school c. find resources in the community that provide student conflict resolution strategies to be used as a referral source f. create a peer-to-peer program to address concerns associated with fear and safety for student support Attend a school board meeting to share the concern of students missing school is correct. This is an example of the nurse promoting safety in the community. Reprimand students for missing days of school is incorrect. Reprimand students for missing days of school is incorrect. This does not address the concern of the students. Find resources in the community that provide student conflict resolution strategies to be used as a referral source is correct. This is an example of ways the nurse can promote positive relationships. Start their own patrol of the neighborhood is incorrect. Start their own patrol of the neighborhood is incorrect. The nurse should not put themselves at risk in the community. Advise students to walk to school regardless of how they feel is incorrect. Advise students to walk to school regardless of how they feel is incorrect. This does not address the community concern. Create a peer-to-peer program to address concerns associated with fear and safety for student support is correct. This is an example of ways the nurse can promote positive relationships.

A community health nurse plans a proposed community-wide intervention to increase physical activity. Which of the following ethical principles does the nurse demonstrate by ensuring that the benefits of the program substantially outweigh any potential harms? a. beneficence b. nonmaleficence c. autonomy d. justice

a. beneficence When generating solutions to ensure that the benefits of a community-wide program substantially outweigh any potential harms, the nurse is upholding the ethical principal of beneficence, which is to do good while balancing harms.

A public health nurse is working with local health care providers on programs to improve the growth and development of children in their community. Which of the following describes a secondary prevention intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? a. early intervention program screening children for developmental delays b. well child preventive health visits c. free healthy pregnancy classes for expectant parents d. environmental policies to decrease the amount of air pollution in the area

a. early intervention program screening children for developmental delays Screening of children who have developmental delays would help to identify children who have ASD as early as possible.

A nurse is working with a family. Which of the following processes should the nurse identify as the family demonstrating resilience during time of crisis? a. having a positive attitude and remaining flexible b. limiting problem solving techniques c. having a cautious attitude and censoring communication d. limiting face to face interaction

a. having a positive attitude and remaining flexible Having a positive attitude and remaining flexible are processes utilized for family resilience.

A palliative care nurse is preparing to participate in interprofessional rounds. Which of the following members of the interprofessional team should the nurse plan to collaborate with? a. health care provider b. chaplain c. registrar d. nutritionist e. social worker

a. health care provider b. chaplain d. nutritionist e. social worker Health care provider is correct. A health-care provider is a member of the interprofessional team who provides client care. Therefore, the nurse should plan to collaborate with this member. Chaplain is correct. A chaplain is a member of the interprofessional team that manages the spiritual need of clients. Therefore, the nurse should plan to collaborate with this member. Registrar is incorrect. A registrar member of the interprofessional team whose role consists of data collection management. Therefore, there is no need for the nurse to collaborate with this member because the discussion of data collection is not pertinent during interprofessional rounds. Nutritionist is correct. A nutritionist is a member of the interprofessional team manages nutritional needs of clients. Therefore, the nurse should plan to collaborate with this member. Social worker is correct. A social worker is a member of the interprofessional team who assists with meeting client needs in the community. Therefore, the nurse should plan to collaborate with this member.

A community health nurse is assigned to identify activities that are a part of the prevention/mitigation phase of the disaster management cycle. Which of the following activities should the nurse identify as being in the prevention/mitigation phase? a. identify community members who have disabilities b. assist community members in developing a disaster plan c. provide first aid to community members affected by a tornado d. encourage community members to practice fire drills

a. identify community members who have disabilities Identifying vulnerable populations within the community prior to a disaster is categorized as prevention/mitigation. This action will eliminate or, at the very least, minimize the effects of a disaster on this population.

A nurse is working with local health care facilities to increase breastfeeding initiation rates in the local community. The nurse is preparing information packets for clients who are at high risk for not breastfeeding. Which of the following populations should the nurse prioritize as having the lowest rates of breastfeeding initiation? a. non hispanic black clients b. hispanic clients c. non hispanic white clients d. asian american clients

a. non hispanic black clients Non-Hispanic Black clients have the lowest rates of breastfeeding initiation in the United States.

A community health nurse is teaching a group of nurses about activities that they should participate in prior to a disaster. Which of the following activities should the nurse include in the teaching? a. remove boxes and objects that are blocking exits b. put together bags containing food, water, and medication c. set up a location for family reunification d. prioritize client care based on condition severity e. refer essential workers to mental health services

a. remove boxes and objects that are blocking exits b. put together bags containing food, water, and medication Remove boxes and objects that are blocking exits is correct. Removing boxes and objects that are blocking exits is a pre-disaster activity. Specifically, it is a prevention/mitigation activity. These activities should occur prior to the onset of a disaster and either remove the possibility of a disaster occurring or lessen the severity of it. Put together emergency bags containing food, water, and medication is correct. Putting together emergency bags is a pre-disaster activity. Specifically, it is a disaster preparedness activity. Actions taken during this phase are aimed at getting ready to endure a disaster in the event one should occur. Set up a location for family reunification is incorrect. Setting up a location for family reunification is a post-disaster activity and is a part of the recovery phase. Prioritize client care based on condition severity is incorrect. Prioritizing client care, or triaging, is a post-disaster activity and is a part of the response phase. Refer essential workers to mental health services is incorrect. Referring essential workers to mental health services is a post-disaster activity and is a part of the recovery phase.

A community health nurse is working with a client to make long-standing, health-related changes using the transtheoretical model. Which of the following actions by the client indicates that they are in the preparation stage? a. stocking their refrigerator and pantry with healthy foods b. reading about daily nutritional requirements c. considering signing up for the gym next week d. purchasing running shoes e. signing up for a local smoking cessation programs

a. stocking their refrigerator and pantry with healthy foods b. reading about daily nutritional requirements d. purchasing running shoes e. signing up for a local smoking cessation programs Stocking their refrigerator and pantry with healthy foods is correct. Stocking up on healthy foods will prepare the client to take action. Reading about daily nutritional requirements is correct. Reading about nutrition will prepare the client to take action. Considering signing up for the gym next week is incorrect. Thinking about joining a gym would take place during the contemplation stage. Purchasing running shoes is correct. Purchasing running shoes will prepare the client to take action. Signing up for a local smoking cessation program is correct. Signing up for a smoking cessation program will prepare the client to take action.

A nurse is educating nursing students about the leading causes of death from unintentional injuries in infants. The nurse knows teaching has been effective when the students correctly identify which of the following as the leading cause of death from unintentional injuries in infants? a. suffocation b. drowning c. poisoning d. motor vehicle accidents

a. suffocation Suffocation is the leading cause of death from unintentional injury in infants less than 1 year. The most common reasons are the result of airway obstruction from soft, loose bedding, someone or something rolling onto the child, or from the child being wedged between two objects.

A public health nurse is working with a community HIV task force and providing outreach for a high-risk community group. The public health nurse has received a positive HIV test result for one of the community members and successfully linked the individual to care. The public health nurse should identify that which of the following is true about this community member's diagnosis? a. the nurse should review the state laws to determine if and how this information should be shared with the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System b. The nurse should recognize this diagnosis as indication that the outreach program is not successful c. The nurse should use this diagnosis to support reallocation of community funds for additional HIV clinics in the area d. Outside the health care team, the nurse should keep this diagnosis confidential

a. the nurse should review the state laws to determine if and how this information should be shared with the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System It is a legal requirement for states to report on national notifiable diseases. Reporting helps health care authorities to monitor and aid in preventing outbreaks of certain diseases. The list of national notifiable diseases can vary from state to state.

A nurse is teaching the caregivers of an infant born at 30 weeks gestation regarding potential health complications of prematurity later in life. Which of the following statements by the caregivers indicates the teaching has been effective? a. "our child is at an decreased risk for digestive problems" b. "our child is less likely to develop neurodevelopmental problems like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" c. "our child is at an increased risk of developing asthma" d. "our child is less likely to suffer from hearing or vision loss"

c. "our child is at an increased risk of developing asthma" Children born prematurely often suffer from respiratory complications, including asthma, lung scarring and infection, and pneumonia.

A nurse is looking at a Nurse-Family Partnership impact report as an example of a community impact report. Which of the following stands out as an aspect of this impact report? a. expansion of program within the Hispanic community is a key initiative b. The impact report focuses solely on local partnerships c. Expansion of public private partnerships is a key initiative d. The impact report is kept private

c. Expansion of public private partnerships is a key initiative The nurse should identify that the expansion of public-private partnerships is an aspect of the Nurse-Family Partnership Impact Report.

A public health nurse is involved in community-engaged research related to reasons for low immunization rates of children in county public schools. Which of the following situations does the nurse recognize as a potential ethical issue involving recruitment of research participants or confidentiality of information? a. a primary care clinic offers use of their conference room for data collection b. the leader of the data collection team delivers supplies to the team members at their homes c. a school principal offers to provide immunization records of students d. the owner of a local store donates supplies for data collection

c. a school principal offers to provide immunization records of students The nurse should identify that the principal offering to provide immunization records of students is a potential ethical issue involving confidentiality of information.

A nurse is caring for several migrant farmworkers. Which of the following barriers to care should the nurse identify as specific to this population? a. availability of healthcare specialists b. high health care costs c. absence of culturally competent care d. distance of health care facilities from the client's place of residence

c. absence of culturally competent care Language barriers and cultural differences often exist between migrant workers and their health care providers. Barriers to health care that can affect all populations include availability of health care services and specialists, affordable health care, and accessible health care.

A nurse is assessing a 2-year-old child during a well-child visit. The child's parent asks the nurse if it is okay to turn the child's convertible car seat to the forward-facing position. Which of the following responses would be most appropriate from the nurse? a. children should be secured in rear facing car seats until they are at least 4 years old b. children should be secured in rear facing car seats until their legs start to hang over the sides of the care seat c. children should be secured in rear facing car seats until they reach the weight or height limits listed by the car seat manufacturer d. children should be secured in rear facing car seats until they reach 36 inches in height

c. children should be secured in rear facing car seats until they reach the weight or height limits listed by the car seat manufacturer Infants and toddlers should be in a rear-facing convertible car seat until they reach the maximum height and weight allowed by the car seat manufacturer.

A nurse is reviewing various roles within the community. The nurse should identify which of the following statements best encompasses the description of a community health worker? a. a community health worker should be a public health nurse b. community health workers are unpaid residents within a community who volunteer their services c. community health workers are paid or unpaid individual active in promoting the health of a community d. paid employees within the community comprise the role of a community health worker

c. community health workers are paid or unpaid individual active in promoting the health of a community My Answer According to evidence-based practice, a community health worker can be anyone in the community who is invested and active in promoting the health of the community. A community health worker may be in a paid position, such as a public health nurse, or it could be a community volunteer.

A nurse in a community health clinic is providing an in-service to staff members about anthrax. The nurse explains that endospores allow anthrax to maintain environmental persistence. Which of the following information should the nurse include to describe environmental persistence? a. endospores allow anthrax to spread easier from one individual to another b. endospores of anthrax cause more severe disease c. endospores support the ability of anthrax to survive and remain infectious d. endospores decrease the amount of anthrax necessary to cause disease

c. endospores support the ability of anthrax to survive and remain infectious The nurse should include that environmental persistence is the ability of an agent to survive in its environment and retain infectivity.

A community health nurse wants to create an educational activity that will change the way clients think about their current eating habits. The nurse should know that which of the following learning theories focuses on reflection and evaluation of perspective? a. experiential b. behavioral c. transformative d. humanistic

c. transformative The transformative learning theory suggests that learners can change the way they think once they have new information and have reflected on previous experiences and critically evaluated their perspective.

A community health nurse is educating a client about the implications of a false negative result of a screening test. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of a false negative screening? a. "If i have a false negative screening, i may experience undue worry" b. "If i have a false negative screening, i may undergo unnecessary treatment" c. "If i have a false negative screening, I'll likely need more extensive testing" d. "If i have a false negative screening, I may miss the opportunity for early treatment

d. If i have a false negative screening, i may miss my opportunity for early treatment" When evaluating outcomes, the nurse should recognize that this statement by the client indicates an understanding that missed opportunity for early treatment is associated with false negative screening.

A team of nurses is planning to develop evidence-based interventions to improve health outcomes for residents in all age groups in their community. Which of the following questions should they use as appropriately worded PICOT questions? a. in older adults, how does a daily meal delivery service decrease the prevalence of nutritional deficits after one year? b. how do after school programs compare to recreational sports programs in decreasing average BMI over one year? c. How do community sponsored tutoring programs affect mental health during the middle school and high school years? d. in adults with hypertension, how does a group exercise program compared to an individual exercise program affect blood pressure after 6 months? e. In young adults, how does full time employment compared to no employment affect the incidence of alcohol related injuries before the age of 25 years?

d. in adults with hypertension, how does a group exercise program compared to an individual exercise program affect blood pressure after 6 months? e. In young adults, how does full time employment compared to no employment affect the incidence of alcohol related injuries before the age of 25 years? In older adults, how does a daily meal delivery service decrease the prevalence of nutritional deficits after one year? is incorrect. The nurses should recognize that this statement contains all the elements of a PICOT question except C for compare or control. How do after-school programs compare to recreational sports programs in decreasing average BMI over one year? is incorrect. The nurses should recognize that this statement contains all the elements of a PICOT question except P for population. How do community-sponsored tutoring programs affect mental health during the middle school and high school years? is incorrect. The nurses should recognize that this statement contains all the elements of a PICOT question except P for population and C for compare or control. In adults with hypertension, how does a group exercise program compared to an individual exercise program affect blood pressure after 6 months? is correct. The nurses should recognize that statement contains all of the elements of a PICOT question: P for Patient or Population, I for Intervention or Indicator, C for Compare or Control, O for Outcome, optional T for Time or Type of study or question. In young adults, how does full-time employment compared to no employment affect the incidence of alcohol-related injuries before the age of 25 years? is correct.

A community health nurse attends the American Public Health Association (APHA) meeting annually to stay current in the field and to interact with colleagues across the country. Which of the core functions of epidemiology is the nurse engaged in? a. surveillance b. evaluation c. policy development d. linkages

d. linkages When taking the action of interacting with colleagues, the nurse should recognize that linkage refers to the development and maintenance of interdisciplinary relationships necessary in the field of epidemiology

A community health nurse is preparing a public service announcement about Lyme disease. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include as an example of secondary prevention? a. wear long sleeved shirts and pants while outdoors b. use EPA registered insect repellants c. check your clothing and body for ticks after being outdoors d. notify your health care provider if you notice a rash

d. notify your health care provider if you notice a rash Erythema migraines is a rash associated with Lyme disease. Recognizing symptoms and receiving early treatment is secondary prevention.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving hospice care services and observes that the client's health is improving, and the client is becoming more active. What information should the nurse discuss with the client and their family? a. admission to long term care facility b. discharge from hospice services c. obligations for continuing hospice services for at least one year d. other therapies that are like hospice services

d. other therapies that are like hospice services If a client's condition has improved, the client may opt to withdraw from hospice care and seek other types of medical management for their illness or discomfort. This is part of client self-determination.

A school nurse is providing teaching to young students to cover their cough to prevent disease transmission. The nurse should identify that this intervention breaks which of the following links in the chain of transmission? a. susceptible host b. portal of entry c. reservoir d. portal of exit

d. portal of exit When taking the action of providing teaching about breaking the chain of transmission, the nurse should identify that covering a cough blocks the portal of exit and breaks this link in the chain of transmission.

A nurse in an emergency department often sees victims of intimate partner violence. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when caring for victims of violence? a. tell the client ways to avoid making their parter angry to prevent intimate partner violence b. provide the client with strategies for interacting with others in social situations c. the nurse instructs the client on ways to behave to prevent making their partner angry d. provide the client with information on resources in the community to support victims of violence

d. provide the client with information on resources in the community to support victims of violence The nurse should provide resources to support all victims of violence and not assume they are responsible for harm caused by others.

A nurse is providing care to a client who is from a different culture. Which of the following statements is true regarding the cultural care theory? a. the nurse should know everything about the client's culture b. the nurse should be fair and treat everyone the same c. it is possible for the nurse to separate a client's culture from their care d. the nurse should aim to provide culturally competent and congruent care

d. the nurse should aim to provide culturally competent and congruent care The nurse must consider the client's culture when providing their care.

A community health nurse is teaching a group of first responders about triaging during a mass casualty incident. The nurse should explain that which of the following approaches should be followed during triage? a. family centered b. deontological c. client centered d. utilitarian

d. utilitarian Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that upholds that an action is done for the greatest amount of benefit for the greatest number of people. This is the approach to follow when triaging during a mass casualty incident.