comm test #2

what does the review of main points in the conclusion of a speech do?

(preview plus) repeats major themes from the speech and adds the most important point from each theme.

4 steps to the introduction of a speech

1. begin with an attention getter 2. reason to listen 3. purpose statement 4. preview of main points

4 things that visual aids do

1. help with comprehension 2. add interest 3. improve audience retention of a message to make it more long lasting 4. enhance speaker credibility

Two goals for the use of visual aids and what's the most important?

1. increased understanding 2. emphasis (most important)

__________refers to the notion that all information on the same level should have the same significance.

Coordination

______________ states that in order to separate a point you need to end up with at least two items.

Division

audiovisual or computer generated visual aid example

Hans Rosling Ted talk software, gap minder.org

what in class example was used when we talked about audience analysis

Johanna Blakely a professor at the USC Norman Leer center Ted Talk on taste communities

Rhetorical situation:

Lloyd Bitzer defines it as a complex of persons, events, objects, and relations presenting an actual or potential exigence which can be completely or partially removed if discourse, introduced into the situation, can so constrain human decision or action as to bring about the significant modification of the exigence.

example of an artistic ending within the conclusion of a speech from class

Warren Miller ski film from steam boat springs

Which of the following is NOT true? a. The speaking outline uses full sentences. b. The speaking outline is a truncated form of the preparation outline. c. The speaking outline can have delivery cues embedded. d. The speaking outline is a shorthand version of the preparation outline.

a. The speaking outline uses full sentences.

5 examples of an attention getter

a. a narrative b. brief instances or examples c. quotation d. a startling fact related to the topic e. a reference to the occasion

5 questions to ask yourself about situational information

a. are audience members attending voluntarily? b. how many people will be in the audience? c. how much does the audience know or think they know about the topic? d. what does the audience know about you and what is their opinion of you as a speaker? e. what type of presentation does the audience expect?

5 hints for using presentational aids before your speech

a. check the room and your equipment b. practice if possible with the same equipment in presentation room c. double check presentational aids before speech d. allow ample time for set up and takedown e. come prepared with a back up plan in case of equipment failure.

2 hints for working with visual aids with more than one image

a. leave a blank slide between each visual aid page or slide b. think accumulation, when several key ideas are included on a visual aid, cover each idea and reveal the info one key point at a time.

6 ways to control the simplicity hint

a. limit the number of visual aids you use b. limit yourself to one idea per visual aid c. use no more than 3-5 words per visual aid d. keep typefaces simple; fancy ones are hard to read e. use short, familiar words and round numbers f. keep charts and graphs simple

3 hints for working with audiovisual or computer generated visuals

a. make sure the video or audio is cued to the right location b. make sure you include a copy of the actual file in the folder with your pp presentation c. keep the clips short, 15-30 seconds max

2 ways to control visibility

a. make your images large enough b. make sure you don't block the audience's view of visual aid

2 hints for working with objects, models, and handouts

a. objects and models must be large enough in scale for all to see b. handouts should generally be used after a presentation to avoid audience distraction

2 ways to control layout

a. place images near the top of the visual aid b. accentuate key points

reasons to listen during the introduction

a. reason to listen to the topic: motivate your audience to listen by relating the topic to them b. reason to listen to the speaker: establishes credibility, only used if the speaker has appropriate experience

7 hints for using presentational aids during your speech

a. remember to actually use your visual aid, reference it in your speaker notes b. avoid distractions, cover or remove visual aids and turn off projectors when not in use c. do not block the audience's view d. allow the audience time to process the info then remove the aid e. talk to your audience not the visual aid f. speak in a conversational manner and don't read from your visuals g. sight authority

6 tips for speakers to remember during question and answer periods at the end of a speech

a. repeat each question before answering to ensure all heard the question b. rephrase negative or unclear questions in a clear and positive way c. think before answering and if you don't know the answer, refer the questioner to a source d. if a question is irrelevant or will take too long to answer thank the questioner and suggest speaking with them individually after class. e. avoid getting angry or defensive, even with hostile questions f. monitor time and close the session with a final conclusion that refocuses on your speech intent.

3 parts to the conclusion of a speech

a. theme statement b. review of main points c. artistic ending

5 ways to control color

a. use primary colors b. can use colored backgrounds so long as the color is not so dark that the message is hard to see. c. don't use clashing or confusing colors d. limit the number of colors you use e. as a general rule, avoid the use of school or team colors

7 categories of demographics

age, gender, race, religion, education, socio-economic status, group membership

exigence

an imperfection marked by the need for something to be said

2 parts to the body of the speech

blocks, transitions

audience

consists of those persons who are capable of being influenced by discourse and of being mediators of change

set of constraints

constraints on the audience's ability to address the exigence, including beliefs, attitudes, facts, traditions, motives

situational information

deals with the circumstances in which a speech will be given

why can demographics cause researchers to make assumptions about their audience?

demographics do not measure beliefs, motifs, or attitudes

3 methods of audience analysis

demographics, psychographics, audience type determines audience receptivity

what do blocks in the body of the speech do?

each one presents and develops one major them with a headline which is evidence with sided authority

Which of the following is not part of the introduction?

evidence

3 components of a rhetorical situation:

exigence, audience, set of constraints

The speaking outline is the first outline you make.

false

what does the purpose statement do in the introduction of a speech?

identifies the topic and purpose of the presentation

3 parts of a speech

introduction, body, conclusion

first way to begin analyzing your audience?

learn as much as you can about the speaking situation

most popular boy's name

noah

example of a transition?

now that i've talked to you about the equipment that you'll need for skiing, let me share with you some safety concerns.

The outline that lets you gather and organize information is what type?

preparation

what does the preview of main points do in the introduction of a speech?

previews major themes of speech

what does the theme statement in the conclusion of a speech do?

purpose statement in past tense, but it starts with the phrase: in conclusion

what is the one part of the introduction you can skip?

reasons to listen

5 hints for creating effective visual aids

simplicity, content, visibility, layout, color

Joshua had created a good preparation outline and knew he needed to then create a:

speaking outline

The idea that what appears on one level is more general than the information appearing in levels under it is called:

subordination

Preparation outlines are the first outline you make.

true

The speaking outline generally does not use full sentences.

true

The speaking outline is a reduction of the preparation outline.

true

difference between voluntary and involuntary audience

voluntary tend to be more homogenous, they have a lot in common, but involuntary tend to be more heterogeneous and differ from each other in many ways

one way to control the content hint

when possible, use symbols other than words to convey the message - you provide the linguistic explanation for the visual aid.

what do transitions do in the body of the speech?

words, phrases, or brief sentences used to link main points and ideas together as a lucid whole. review preview transitions and internal summaries.