Comms final
Which of the following is true about forgiveness and intercultural relationships?
a) Forgiveness has not been proven to be an effective way to deal with intercultural conflicts b) Forgiveness can sometimes help reconcile intercultural problems because, after forgiving, people will no longer be consumed by the wrongs that others have done to them.** c) Forgiveness is the easiest way for people to resolve problems in intercultural relationships. d) Forgiveness is an effective strategy to resolve intercultural conflicts because it requires people to use knowledge to suppress their emotions.
Why is linguistic knowledge important for intercultural communication competence?
a) It helps one understand how competent behaviors vary from culture to culture. b) It increases one's empathy for culturally different individuals.** c) It increases one's sensitivity to ethical dilemmas. d) It helps identify nonverbal behaviors that occur in various contexts.
Identify a true statement about facilitated intergroup dialogue.
a) It is a direct conflict resolution style. b) Its focus is more on persuasion rather than on understanding. c) It involves the general population and civic leaders.** d) Its first step involves building a collective vision for the future.
Which of the following best defines the term "cosmopolitan communication"?
a) It is a notion of ethically working with and through cultural differences and power inequities to achieve understanding and intercultural growth through critical self-transformation.** b) It is the desire to make a commitment in relationships, to learn about the self and others, and to remain flexible. c) It occurs when an interaction is going well, but one does not have to think why, as the various aspects of intercultural communication are being used unconsciously. d) It is the quality of knowing how one is perceived as a communicator as well as one's strengths and weaknesses.
Which of the following statements is true of guanxi?
a) It is a reflection of individualism in a society. b) It mandates that jobs be earned only through perseverance and skill. c) It requires purposeful cultivation of relationships.** d) It is the same as friendship.
Which of the following best defines the term peacebuilding?
a) It refers to working toward equilibrium and stability in a society so that new disputes do not escalate into violence and war.** b) It refers to a view that conflict should be dealt by hiding or suppressing feelings and emotions. c) It refers to an opposition to the use of force under any circumstances. d) It refers to conversations that are slow, careful, full of feeling, respectful, and attentive.
Which of the following is a true statement about mediation?
a) It tends to be more expensive than adversarial legal resolution. b) Contemporary Western mediation models extensively include cultural variations in conflict processes. c) Traditional societies often use mediation models based on direct means. d) North American mediation tends to be more formal and structured.**
Which of the following is true about the component of other-knowledge in intercultural communication competence?
a) Learning about others in only abstract terms can prevent stereotyping. b) It is often better to learn about others through relational experience.** c) It is not important to develop general knowledge about cultural differences as it does not contribute to actually learning about a person from a particular culture. d) To facilitate faster learning when learning about others, it is better to assume that people from the same cultures behave in similar ways.
Which is true of conflict in general?
a) There are few cultural differences in how people from other cultures approach conflict. b) Conflict is always viewed as destructive to relationships. c) Men and women deal with conflict differently.** d) Conflict occurs primarily in individualistic cultures.
According to communication scholar Mary Jane Collier, which of the following is a characteristic of intercultural allies?
a) They recognize and try to understand how ethnic, gender, and class differences lead to power.** b) They have a judgmental attitude that leads to misunderstandings and ineffective communication. c) They recognize that people from both historically powerful and less powerful groups view history in the same manner. d) They are unable to appreciate differences and fear commitment to relationships.
Which of the following is not true of the conflict styles of people from individualistic societies?
a) They tend to emphasize extended families and loyalty to groups.** b) They tend to use more controlling, confrontational, and solution-oriented conflict styles. c) They tend to be more direct in their communication. d) They tend to be more concerned with saving their own self-esteem.
When people differ in ideologies on specific issues, such as spousal roles, they are most likely engaged in a(n) ______ conflict.
a) affective b) cognitive c) goal d) value**
Craig, an overweight man, finds that he can meet and talk to people on the Internet much more easily than he can at social gatherings, because they do not form their first impressions about him based on his appearance. Craig's experience illustrates how the Internet ____, one of the three dialectics of online encounters.
a) affirms another's cultural identity b) provides an opportunity to communicate with people who are different c) relationships may be more intense d) filters out information related to physical attractiveness, age, and height**
Vivian, an African American, finds that she seems to clarify how she and Janet, a European American, became friends much more frequently than she has to elaborate on her friendships with other African Americans. Sometimes she and Janet laugh about the curiosity of others. Vivian and Janet have encountered _____ a challenge in intercultural relationships.
a) anxiety b) the need to affirm another's cultural identity c) negative stereotypes d) the need for explanations**
Which of the following statements is true of the obliteration style of interaction between couples?
a) both partners give and take, and it is not a trade-off. b) both partners try to erase individual cultures to deal with differences** c) one partner gives up some part of his or her own cultural habits and beliefs. d) one partner denies or abandons his or her own culture.
People who think of conflict as a threat to interpersonal and community harmony are likely to use and take a nonresistant response like avoidance or dealing with the conflict indirectly.
a) compromise b) confrontation c) engagement d) pacifism*
A style of interaction for an intercultural couple in which both partners attempt to erase their individual cultures in dealing with cultural differences is known as the ____ style.
a) compromise b) consensus c) obliteration** d) immersion
Ben and his wife, Jenny, have a disagreement over what kinds of investments they should make for long-term financial security. Ben wants to invest more heavily in risky ventures, while Jenny prefers more secure options such as compact disks or savings bonds. Ben and Jenny have a(n)
a) conflict of interest b) value conflict c) affective conflict d) goal conflict
If Jurgen, from Germany, is communicating with his friend Koji from Japan like he communicates with all his other German friends, and he accidentally offends Koji in the process, who never tells him, what approach may Jurgen have been using to communicate?
a) conscious competence b) unconscious incompetence** c) unconscious competence d) conscious incompetence
In the context of intergenerational conflict, Millennials differ from baby boomers in that Millennials _____ in jobs.
a) demand more flexible schedules** b) tend to be more work-obsessed c) tend to prefer autonomy d) want less collaboration
In the context of intercultural competence, critical scholars emphasize the:
a) development of a nonjudgmental attitude. b) role of power differentials. c) context in which communication occurs. d) role of behavior and skills.**
Abdul's most recent argument with his friend, Don, escalated from where they should have dinner to a critique of Don's inability to make decisions. Abdul shared all of his frustrations verbally and nonverbally so that Don would understand that he cared and just wanted to make a change. Abdul probably used a(n) _____ conflict style.
a) discussion b) direct c) emotionally expressive** d) pacifistic
The is a conflict resolution style that uses an indirect style of communicating along with a more emotionally intense expressiveness.
a) dynamic style** b) discussion style c) accommodating style d) engagement style
People who are comfortable with emotionally confrontational talk and view the credibility of the other person grounded in their degree of emotional expressiveness are most likely using a(n) ______ of conflict resolution.
a) dynamic style** b) discussion style c) engagement style a) accommodating style
Many gays and lesbians believe that their inability to marry legally is unjust and a clear case of inequality, resulting from prejudice and discrimination. This would be an example of _____ conflict.
a) economic b) international c) environmental d) social**
Ke Xian sees conflict as ultimately destructive for relationships, so he tends to use a(n) approach to conflict, which includes emphasis on vagueness and ambiguity in language and often relying on third parties to help resolve disagreements.
a) engagement b) indirect** c) expressive d) direct
Jossette, a Native American, was pleased to hear that the Arizona mountain called "Squaw Peak" was renamed "Piestewa Peak" to honor the first Native American woman to die in combat in the U.S military. For Jossette, that decision helped to settle a conflict arising from a(n) _______ context because she saw the word "squaw" as an insult to Native American women.
a) environmental b) political c) historical** d) economic
Knowledge and understanding that comes from a particular connection but generalizes to other contexts is known as
a) guanxi b) relational learning** c) the proximity principle d) cognitive consistency
In their study of children who immigrated from the former Soviet Union to Israel, Elias and Lemish (2009) found that the Internet
a) hindered their development of hybrid identities. b) allowed them to resist cultural adaptation. c) bridged the gap between their former lives and friends.** d) prevented the children from integrating into Israeli life.
The most desirable style of interaction in intercultural marriages, the agreement and negotiation style, is based on
a) immersion b) consensus** c) compromise d) obliteration
Keiko, who grew up in Japan, and Wahid, who grew up in Egypt, met and married in the United States. They have decided to stay in the United States and "become American" rather than negotiate the differences between their two cultures. Keiki and Wahid are most likely using the ______ style of interaction.
a) immersion b)consensus c) compromise d) obliteration**
White students putting in much less effort to engage in racial interaction and friendship with other nonwhite students than students of color, even at large, diverse universities, is an example of:
a) lack of linguistic knowledge. b) unconscious incompetence. c) lack of motivation.** d) conscious incompetence.
The textbook authors suggest that the most important knowledge a competent intercultural communicator needs is:
a) micro-cultural knowledge. b) linguistic knowledge. c) other-knowledge. d) self-knowledge.**
Deidre has studied Japanese since high school. Despite her language skills, when she meets visitors from Japan, she worries that she may offend them or look stupid. Diedre is encountering ______, a challenge in intercultural relationships.
a) negative stereotypes b) the need for explanations c) the need to affirm another's cultural identity d) anxiety**
The ease in dealing with situations in which a great deal is unknown is called:
a) nonjudgmentalism. b) empathy. c) tolerance for ambiguity.** d) unconscious competence.
Elizabeth, a U.S. American student, and Ahmad, an international student from Turkey, find that although they are of different faiths, their attitudes about the role of religion in everyday life are very much alike. This realization surprised Elizabeth, but it illustrates a theme in intercultural relationships.
a) obliteration b) similarity** c) immersion d) turning point
In the intercultural communication context, being free from evaluating others according to one's own cultural frame of reference in known as
a) other-knowledge b) empathy c) conscious competence d) nonjudgmentalism**
Talal, a Middle Eastern student, finds himself attracted to Guo Hongwu, a Chinese student in his economics class. After several conversations, he has found that despite their different cultural backgrounds, they have many of the same opinions and experiences in the United States. Talal and Hongwu's relationship illustrates the _____ principle for relationship formation.
a) physical attraction b) similarity** c) heterosexual d) guanxi
In productive conflicts, individuals or groups:
a) polarize around leadership that is single-minded. b) encourage a competitive atmosphere. c) stress on narrowing conflicts to specifics.** d) escalate conflict from the original problem.
In a(n) _______ conflict, individuals focus on the original issue and try to identify the specific problem.
a) productive* b) collectivist c) individualist d) destructive
Apart from the common problems faced by most couples, which of the following is among the major concerns of couples in intercultural marriages?
a) relational satisfaction and sexual intimacy b) relationship with in-laws c) illness and suffering d) gender roles and ethnocentrism***
Deanna never knew Kristen was gay until Deanna made a comment about the men on the "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy" television show. Kristen's choice to come out and educate Deanna marked a ____ in their relationship because that is when they felt that they really started to know one another.
a) similarity b) negative stereotyping c) turning point** d) relational learning
In contrast to productive conflict, individuals and groups involved in destructive conflict
a) stress on narrowing conflicts to specifics. b) limit conflict to only the original issue. c) promote cooperative processes. d) encourage a competitive atmosphere.**
Tolerance for ambiguity refers to
a) the ability to withhold judgment until facts are obtained. b) the ability to easily cope with situations that have many unknown elements.** c) the ability to transcend one's own identity. d) the ability to perceive the world from the perspective of another.
Omar used to be very impatient and impulsive before he had met Sophia. However, being with Sophia for over two years has brought about quite a few positive changes in him. He now exhibits a great deal of patience in not just his personal interactions but also in the daily interactions at the workplace. He also applies this newly developed virtue to all his decision-making. This change in Omar illustrates
a) the proximity principle b) the similarity principle c) relational learning** d) cognitive consistency
Having a logical connection between existing knowledge and a new stimulus is known as
a) the similarity principle b) the proximity principle c) cognitive consistency** d) relational learning
In the context of relationship development, the study conducted by Hotta and Ting-Toomey (2013) revealed that:
a) time was an important element in the friendship decisions of the international students unlike the U.S American students.** b) conversational rules applied to the development of close friendships. c) European Americans disclosed a wide range of relatively superficial information with many people. d) U.S. students considered international students to be merely acquaintances.
A perceived or real incompatibility of goals, values, expectations, or processes between two or more interdependent parties is known as
a) unanimity b) conflict*** c) ambiguity d) compromise
Nandini, who is from India, is really trying hard to communicate as appropriately and effectively as possible with her American classmates. She knows that her interactions are going well because of the honesty she shows in her communication. In this case, Nandini is operating from the _____ level of intercultural communication competence.
a) unconscious competence b) conscious competence** c) conscious incompetence d) unconscious incompetence
Jasleen, who recently moved to the United States from India, has been trying to strike up a conversation with her neighbor, Kate, for several days. However, she has noticed that Kate is usually indifferent to her and does not care about her attempts at friendship. Jasleen is now frustrated and unable to understand where she is lacking in her efforts. This scenario best illustrates the ______ level of intercultural communication competence.
a) unconscious incompetence b) unconscious competence c) conscious competence d) conscious incompetence**
