Communication 101 Midterm Chapters 1-2
What are the guidelines to improve your perceptions of others and their messages? (5 steps) Quick Chris Swims Really Swiftly
1. Question the accuracy of your perceptions. 2. Choose to use conscious processing as you get to know people. 3. Seek more information to verify perceptions. 4. Realize that your perceptions of a person will change over time. 5. Seek clarification respectfully by perception checking.
T/F: A reality check is a message that reflects your understanding of the meaning of another person's nonverbal communication.
F
T/F: Accuracy of perception is usually higher in automatic processing than in conscious processing.
F
T/F: People who experience trait-like communication apprehension feel anxious about speaking only with a certain person or group of people.
F
T/F: Self-fulfilling prophecies are predictions that you make about other people.
F
T/F: Interpersonal communication refers to the internal conversations that we have in our minds as we "talk to ourselves" so to speak.
F: intrapersonal
T/F: The extent to which a channel allows for immediate feedback is known as media richness.
F: schronicity
T/F: A person's culture has a strong influence on the self-perception process.
T
T/F: Implicit personality theories are assumptions about which physical characteristics and personality traits or behaviors are associated with each other.
T
T/F: Meaning shared in a communication interaction can be affected by the physical context in which the message is delivered.
T
T/F: Not only can self-fulfilling prophecies be predictions we make of ourselves, but they can also be based on what other people say about us which can be very influential.
T
T/F: The process of selectively attending to information and assigning meaning to it is called perception.
T
T/F: The sender encodes a message and receiver decodes it.
T
T/F: When you show regard or consideration for others and their ideas, even if you don't agree with them, you are demonstrating the ethical standard of fairness.
T
In the context of perception, we are likely to miss stimuli that: a. violate our expectations. b. necessitate conscious processing of information. c. reinforce our self-perceptions. d. require us to use heuristics.
a
Newspaper and magazine articles are examples of _____. a. mass communication b. small-group communication c. intrapersonal communication d. interpersonal communication
a
Self-concept and self-esteem are two different but related components of self-perception. Whereas __________ is our perception of our competencies and personality traits, __________ is the positive or negative evaluation we attach to them. a. self concept, self esteem b. self esteem, self concept
a
The phenomenon of presenting different aspects of self-concept based on the social context (people and situations involved) is called a. social construction. b. self-concept. c. personality. d. temperament. e. persona.
a
Through the process of attention and selection, _____. a. we reduce the number of stimuli our brains must process b. we draw on previous experience to make sense of what we are encountering c. our brain makes sense of complex stimuli by relating them to things it already recognizes d. our brain processes and assigns meaning to information
a
What are the three sub-processes that must be performed to achieve shared meaning? a. message production, message interpretation, and interaction coordination b. nonverbal coding, acronym depiction, and feeling coordination c. canned plan access, spontaneous construction, and symmetrical feedback d. recipient selection, message production, interaction method e. channel selection, feedback decoding, response construction
a
_____ is the internal conversation we have with ourselves in our thoughts. a. Self-talk b. Self-attribution c. Self-esteem d. Self-disposition
a
_________ is the overall view we have of ourselves, which includes both self-concept and self-esteem. a. Self-perception b. Selective perception c. Self-disposition d. Situational attribution
a
What is a message that reflects your understanding of the meaning of another person's behavior?
a perception check
What is the subconscious approach that draws on previous experience to make sense of what we are encountering?
automatic processing
A(n) _____ refers to what we would like to be. a. interdependent self-perception b. ideal self-concept c. social construction of self d. self-fulfilling prophecy
b
A(n) _____ refers to what we would like to be. a. self-fulfilling prophecy b. ideal self-concept c. interdependent self-perception d. social construction of self
b
A(n) _________ is a message that reflects your understanding of the meaning of another person's behavior. a. prejudicial perception b. perception check c. heuristic d. attribution
b
Dawson and Emily go to the same high school. Emily is very attractive and outgoing. On seeing her, Dawson assumes that she is also smart and popular. In this scenario, Dawson's assumption is an example of _____. a. selective perception b. implicit personality theory c. a self-fulfilling prophecy d. a situational attribution
b
If you feel anxious about speaking with a certain person or group of people, you are experiencing a. situational communication apprehension. b. audience-based communication apprehension. c. traitlike communication apprehension. d. general communication apprehension. e. context-based communication apprehension.
b
If you grew up hearing that you were a "slow learner" and then a professor praised you for being a quick study, you might downplay the comment, not really hear it, or discount it entirely. This is an example of a. incongruence. b. filtering messages. c. poor self-perception. d. delayed reaction. e. a self-fulfilling prophecy.
b
The process of monitoring the social environment to learn more about self and others is called a. observing others. b. uncertainty reduction. c. the halo effect. d. stereotyping. e. social construction.
b
The term _________ refers to the phenomena of sharing different aspects of our self-concept based on the situation and people involved. a. assumed similarity b. Answer social construction of self c. independent self-perception d. self-fulfilling prophecy
b
Unlike intrapersonal communication, mass communication a. occurs in our minds. b. is delivered to large segments of the population. c. occurs only in face-to-face settings. d. involves communicating with three to 20 people to solve a problem.
b
Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines for ethical communication? a. Ethical communicators are truthful and honest. b. Ethical communicators act spontaneously. c. Ethical communicators behave fairly. d. Ethical communicators demonstrate respect. e. Ethical communicators are responsible.
b
Which of the following is true of media richness? a. The leaner the channel, the lower the chances are for misunderstanding. b. The less information offered via a given channel, the leaner it is. c. The richness of a channel depends on the number of people involved in a conversation via that channel. d. Written communication is the richest media channel.
b
_____ is characterized by informal interaction between two people who have an identifiable relationship with each other. a. Public communication b. Interpersonal communication c. Intrapersonal communication d. Mass communication
b
A(n) _____ is a "mental library" of scripts each of us draws from to create messages based on what worked for us or others in the past. a. channel b. emoticon c. canned plan d. communication index
c
An example of intrapersonal communication is a. chatting around the dinner table with your family and friends. b. recounting a past experience during a speech to an audience. c. thinking about what you are going to make for dinner that evening. d. texting a message to a friend. e. entering into a discussion in a chatroom.
c
Communication is a. intermittent b. reversible c. purposeful d. sporadic
c
In a movie screening, the audience shrieked out of fear during a scene. This is an example of _____. a. immediacy b. synchronicity c. a spontaneous expression d. a constructed message
c
In the communication context, the _____ includes the environmental conditions surrounding a communication encounter. a. psychological context b. social context c. physical context d. cultural context
c
Suppose you expect to be rejected when you ask someone out and then behave in ways that lead the person to reject you. This would be an example of a. high self-esteem. b. incongruence. c. a self-fulfilling prophecy. d. filtering messages. e. a perception.
c
The term _____ refers to attributing behavior to a cause that is under someone's control. a. external attribution b. selective attribution c. dispositional attribution d. situational attribution
c
Which of the following statements is true of self-perception? a. It helps us to see others favorably when we have negative opinions of ourselves. b. It has a limited influence on how we communicate with others. c. It influences how we have conversations about others to ourselves. d. It focuses on forming impressions of ourselves based on others' opinions.
c
_____ is defined as the evaluation we make about our personal worthiness based on our self-concept. a. Self-monitoring b. Self-transcendence c. Self-esteem d. Self-effacing
c
What is the "mental library" of scripts each of us draws from to create messages based on what worked for us in the past or that we have heard or used numerous times in similar situations?
canned plan
What is the process through which you send messages to and receive messages from others?
communication
What is the impression that communicative behavior is both appropriate and effective in a given situation?
communication competence
What is the slow deliberative approach to perceiving where we examine and reflect about the stimuli?
conscious
A perception of a speaker's knowledge, trustworthiness, and warmth is?
credibility
A(n) _________ is a message that reflects your understanding of the meaning of another person's behavior. a. prejudicial perception b. heuristic c. attribution d. perception check
d
Before interviewing one of the candidates for a position in his company, Ben was informed that the candidate had performed exceptionally well in her aptitude test for the job. During the interview, Ben saw the candidate in a very positive light. Although the candidate made a few mistakes, Ben passed them off. In this scenario, Ben's perception of the candidate was based on his _____. a. patterns b. interests c. needs d. expectations
d
Marsha and Rachel went shopping for clothes. Marsha bought a new pair of jeans. The following day, Marsha, Rachel, and Markus met for coffee. Upon seeing Marsha in her new jeans, Rachel exclaimed, "Oh! You wore the new ones." Marsha nodded and smiled, but Markus had no idea what they were talking about. In this scenario, Markus did not understand the meaning of "the new ones" because he did not know the _____ of their communication. a. psychological context b. social context c. physical context d. historical context
d
Niku was waiting on the sidewalk to cross a busy road. When she heard a siren indicating that pedestrians could cross the road, she started walking on the pedestrian crossing. In this scenario, Niku's action was based on _____. a. prejudices b. stereotypes c. prophecies d. heuristics
d
Which of the following statements is true of bullying? a. Bullying often leads to more accurate and definitive self-perceptions. b. Adolescents whose self-concepts are in transition are insusceptible to bullying. c. Children who are just forming their self-concepts and self-esteem are immune to bullying messages. d. The effects of bullying can have long-lasting effects on self-esteem.
d
Which of the following statements is true of prejudices? a. They are a result of outcome bias. b. They are always negative perceptions about a person. c. They are actions in which people are treated differently based on certain biases. d. They can lead to discrimination of people.
d
While still learning to drive, Jane accidentally drove into another car. Although she survived the accident, Jane began to consider herself a poor driver. As a result, she stopped driving and has not driven since. In this scenario, it can be said that Jane's experience has affected her _____. a. self-monitoring b. impression formation c. situational attribution d. self-perception
d
What is the process of interpreting messages?
decoding
What is the combination of conscious and automatic processing?
dual processing
Which of the following is performed during a perception check? a. watching the behavior of another person b. describing the behavior c. considering what the behavior means d. putting your interpretation into words e. all of the above
e
Why do we communicate? a. to meet our social needs b. to develop and maintain our sense of self c. to develop relationships d. to exchange information and influence others e. All of these answers are correct.
e
What is the process of creating a messages?
encoding
What consists of the verbal and nonverbal messages sent by relievers to let senders know how the message is being interpreted?
feedback
What are short-cut rules of thumb for understanding how to perceive something based on past experience with similar stimuli?
heuristics
Any stimulus that interferes with the process of achieving shared meaning is?
inference or noise
What are the verbal utterances, visual images, and nonverbal behaviors used to convey thoughts and feelings?
messages
What we would like to be is known as?
our ideal self-concept
What is any external sight or sound that distracts us from the message?
physical noise
What refers to the thoughts and feelings we experience that compete with the sender's message for our attention?
psychological noise
What is the actual text of what to say and do in a specific situation?
script
What is the perception we have of our skills, abilities, knowledge, competencies, and personality traits?
self-concept
What are the evaluations we make about our personal worthiness based on our self-concept?
self-esteem
What is an inaccurate perception of a skill, characteristic, or situation that leads to behaviors that perpetuate that false perception as true?
self-fulfilling prophecy
Managing communication apprehension so we do not appear nervous or anxious is known as?
social ease
