Communication 1010 Key terms
Syntax
the occurrence and ordering of words and sounds to convey an intended meaning
nonverbal communication
the process of relaying messages and meanings without the use of words.
Face
the public image people try to claim
Territory
the space people consider theirs
Ethnography
the study of human social interaction from the inside
euphemism
the substitution of vague or less emotionally charged words for more direct options.
Facial Expressions
the use if the face's mobility in communication
Kinesics
the use of body motions in communication
Encoding
transforming a message into an understandable sign and symbol system
metaphor
unstated comparisons between things or events that share some features.
imaginative function (of language)
using language to bring pleasure
Persuasive Function (of language)
using language to change the attitudes or thinking of those around us
Ritualistic Function (of Language)
using language to meet an important social convention or expectation
informative function (of language)
using language to provide and get information
Expressive Function (of language)
using language to state personal feelings, thoughts, and attitudes.
Haptics
communication through touch
Frame Analysis
consist of using social cues or frames to understand our role in a given situation or context
bounded culture
cultural identities existing within the larger culture.
medium
in a linear communication model, the carrier of a message.
Quantitative Research
inquiry relying on the collection and analysis of numerical data.
qualitative research
inquiry relying on the collection and analysis of symbolic data such as language and other cultural products.
feedback
response to a message.
small talk
scripted and superficial conversations based on social convention
Artifacts
objects we use to identify ourselves.
Chronemics
Using time to convey meaning
intimate Space
0-18 inches, distance zone that implies an extremely personal connection.
Personal Space
18 inch - 4 feet, distance zone that implies a close, but not intimate relationship
Social Space
4-12 feet apart, distance zone suggesting little, if any intimacy
Physiological Noise
barrier to listening to introduced by listener's discomfort
stereotype
A generalization of people, places, or things.
Linear model
A representation of communication as a linear process, with messages traveling from a source, through a medium, to a receiver. oldest most simplified
theory
A unified, coherent, and organized set of explanations, concepts, and principles describing some aspect of the world.
denotative meaning
A word's explicit meaning when used by a specific speech community
Representational communication:
Conveying the facts or information objectively
receiver
In a linear communication model, the recipient of a message.
looking glass self
In symbolic interaction, the idea that the self is accomplished by seeing ourselves as others see us.
Discriminative Listening
Listening carefully with the ability to sift out the important information while weaning out that which is insignificant
Appreciative Listening
Listening for enjoyment or pleasure
Informative Listening
Listening to be informed, to understand the message
Symbolic Interaction
People give meanings to symbols and then behave according to those meanings.
ontology
Questions of the nature of reality and what is knowable.
Presentational communication:
Someone's version of the facts or information
Specification of Ignorance
The idea that in science, every answer produces new questions
mainstream culture
The mainstream culture is considered the dominant culture.
Hearing
The physical process of perceiving sounds
Oculesics
The use of pupil dilation, eye movement, and eye contact in meaning making
culture
The world made meaningful, socially constructed and maintained through communication.
Critical theory
Theory that challenges existing ways of organizing the social world and the people and institutions exercising power in it.
language
a communication system made up of formal units combined in systematic ways to cooperatively make meaning.
Schema
a mental structure built from past experiences that we use to process new information and organize new experiences
Transactional Model of Communication
a representation of the elements communication as interdependent and the process of communication as ongoing and dynamic. most complex and contemporary model
Frames
a specific set of expectations we use to make sense of the specific social situation we may find ourselves in at the time.
Connotative Meaning
a word's implicit, usually emotionally or evaluatively enriched meaning.
Listening
actively making meaning from the spoken messages of others
Noise
anything that interferes with the process of communication
Physical Noise
barrier to listening external to the message itself
Semantic Noise
barrier to listening introduced by linguistic influences on the message
Psychological Noise
barrier to listening introduced by the listener's mindset
decoding
interpreting signs and symbols.
communication
is about shared meaning making, a critical component to how we develop as human beings. It allows us to construct and control our environments.
Textual analysis
is the deep reading of a message or group of messages with the goal of describing and interpreting the text. Movies are a good example of commonly analyzed texts.
Critical Listening
listening for evaluation or analysis
Mnemoics
memory devices based on patterns drawn from what's heard.
interactional model
more expressive version of linear model (reciprocal and ongoing)
Public Space
more than 12 feet apart, distance zone implying little intimacy and indicating a more formal language environment
proxemics
our use of space and distance to make meaning
Epistemology
questions of how to best create and expand knowledge
axiology
questions of the proper roles of values in research and theory building.
Vocalics
sounds and rhythms other than actual words which come out of one's mouth
Gesticulations
specific movement of hands and arms to communicate
Framing
structuring the meaning of verbal communication through the use of nonverbal cues.
dialectic
tension in need of resolution.
Dominant culture
the collective cultural experience held and shared by the large majority of people