communication

dimensions of the listening tests

1. Brown-Carlsen test 2. STEP III 3. KCLT 4. Watson Barker

Critical roles of listening

1. get the information we need to resolve a conflict 2. reduce the personal issues of conflict

Advice for clients

1. recognize your own biases and the strength of your emotions 2. look for an attorney who listens 3. engage in comprehensive and critical listening 4. fully understand the attorney retainer and fee agreement

If you were called for jury duty

1. use comprehensive listening 2. be aware of potential biases and schema 3. stay focused 4. ask for clarification 5. volunteer information if it is needed

bannon 4 stage conflict process

1. you should inquire: use active listening skills to fully focus on the other person's concerns 2. expressing empathy: Connect with the other person on their emotional level "I understand your frustration" 3. asking for permission: ask if the other person wants more information 4. explain and offer choices: if you get a yes in the third stage, you can continue the other person's positive involvement by explaining the situation and offering options from which the other party can select

Hostile detached

Most likely to experience problems when attempting to coparent and child. Disengagement with and hostility toward one another appears to spill over in their relationships with their children.

Attentiveness

Most obvious relationship to listening

Positive classroom learning environment

Motivation to meet high expectations and to your academic success

Short-term working memory

Move information from reception to cognitive interpretation. Helps navigate between the awareness, translation, and evaluation functions as we process incoming mental stimuli. It's also helps us incorporate new information with what we already know by allowing us to retrieve appropriate information from our long-term memory.

One can measure their extroversion / introversion by using the popular personal inventory developed by

Myers and Briggs

High communication apprehension

Negative academic outcomes like lower grades, and negative attitudes toward school, and a greater likelihood of dropping out of school; they focus so much on what they say, But they do not listen very well

Conflict withdrawal

Negative listening behaviors such as physically turning away from the other person, Changing the topic, avoiding back channel behaviors (nods and verbal encouragement to continue speaking)

Internal stimuli

Nerve impulses received by the brain as a result of your own physiological or emotional state like hunger or feeling joy

External interference

Noise that makes it difficult or impossible to perceive or identify external stimulus like the temperature of her room or a competing conversation

fitch Hauser and worthington

Nonverbal behavior appears to set happy couples apart from unhappy ones

If two people are "involved daters," which of the following is also true of the relationship?

Nonverbal messages are a focus of the relationship.

Verdict driven

People do not want to seem indecisive so they become committed to their publicly seated position and are less willing to listen to others and the evidence

Prélude's to agreement

People provide both verbal and nonverbal indications that they're moving toward the opposing position

Avoid interrupting

People want to present their own positions they interrupt to cut off what others are saying, This is bad because verdicts are a joint decision

Beliefs

Perceptions of the real world; we act on these perceptions or observations as if they were true and real. These beliefs influence the decisions we make about the information; reflect you're views of the way things are

voice of the life-world

Personal family issues, fears that the patient explains and describes to the physician

Relevancy

Personal relevancy and motivation:

Sharing response

Reflect relational listening, Includes self-disclosure, immediacy, and reinforcement

Reception

Reception of the stimulus; when you register the noise of the train rumbling by, Whether you pay attention to it or not, you still receive the sound.

Lost framed statements

Referred to bad things that will happen and good things that will not happen

Gain framed statements

Referred to both good things that will happen and the bad things that will not happen

Attitudes

Referred to your view of whether something is good or bad; reflect how things should be

General sharing

Refers more to the factual sharing and disclosing of information

The relationship functions of maintaining liking, conflict resolution, and emotional support were suggested by scholars

Dindia and Timmerman

Self verification

Refers to how we as individuals construct our own social worlds. The social world we construct is based on perceptions of ourselves and it includes our self concept and self-esteem, and it helps us to support our beliefs about ourselves

responsiveness

Refers to how well you appropriately respond during a conversation

Engagement

The Overall responsiveness and liveliness of other family members during the telling of the story as well as the level of warmth embedded within the story

caller hegemony

The caller, or absent other, becomes your immediate focus and priority, often a conversation with friends or family

conflict

The interaction of interdependent people who perceive incompatible desires, Goals, personal comforts or communication preferences, and the possibility of interference from others as a result of the incompatibility

Expressiveness

The level to which family members are encouraged to express viewpoints, ideas, and emotions

Good conversation

The listener must remain engaged in the interaction and respond either verbally or nonverbally in a manner that is appropriate for what was said

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Reflect the underlying cognitive or mental functions associated with each of the four areas: extroversion/ introversion, sensing/ intuiting, thinking/feeling, and judgment/perception

Values

Reflect your view of what ought to be good or bad; reflect how much or how little you like something

Two ways symmetrical model of public relations

Reflection organization that engages in two-way communication with its many publics

Assimilating learner

Reflective observation and abstract conceptualization: wide range of information but in a concise form, logical, examples, no groups, Take information from other classes and apply it

Divergent learning

Reflective observation and concrete experience: call for brainstorming or coming up with ideas from different points of view imaginative and emotional, Liked working groups, Open mind

Sympathetic responsiveness

Reflects traditional definition of sympathy, feel other motions that are keeping with the situation like concern

Academic listening

Related to and affected by: motivation, Learning style, and teaching methods. it affects how you and your teachers communicate and how you communicate with your classmates

System variables

Related to events within the criminal justice system, Like Time lapse between when someone witnesses the event and the eventual testimony, Interviewer questioned structure, Police lineup instructions

Sibling commitment

Related to sibling intimacy, Close sibling relationships are based as much on friendship as on blood or marriage ties

Developing and maintaining romantic relationships

Relational maintenance: keeping a relationship in existence, keeping it at its current level of development, maintaining relational satisfaction, And/or keeping a relationship in repair

Summary statements

Remind the listeners of topics that have just been covered

michael nicholas

Responsive listening is one means of handling Parent - child conflicts. Parents need to get the 1. right attitude and understand that conversations are about listening, Not arguing or establishing who's right or in authority. 2. postponed decision-making 3. keep it simple (do not need long justifications as to why you say no) 4. children grow up (listening needs change)

Organizational listening

Responsiveness of an organization to the needs of its public. When they listen they tend have better products, Happier customers, productive employees

Why parents don't listen

Role definition, confusion over acceptance, inability to accept criticism, Lack of time, Willingness to listen, perspective and parent teen interactions

Opening statement in court

Schema activation naturally occurs. This affects what information we attend to, at what meaning we assigned to incoming information, how we draw inferences, And how we organize and store information in memory

Schema theory helps explain what listeners do with information in which of the following ways?

Schema theory accounts the effect of culture on information processing

Inability to accept criticism

See disagreements as attack on their parenting skills, become defensive. Those that are aware they're not perfect, are usually accepting of their teenagers comments and criticism

shannon- weaver model of communicaion

Sender - Message- channel - receiver- feedback back to the sender. The listener takes a backseat while the speaker has front channel

Serafina feels as though her father listens to her problems and seems to understand her emotional state more than her mother. Based on this information, which of the following is most likely true about Serafina's self-disclosure to her parents?

Serafina will self-disclose to her father more than her mother.

Nondirective support

Shift the focus of control from the giver to the receiver. When someone directly asks for the advice and your advice was expected

Transitional statements

Signaled the conversation is moving from one topic to another

suspended Information

Significant enough to make note of, but you might not be sure what to do with it. you will then TAG that piece of information

External stimuli

Signs, signals, or any other stimuli transmitted by sources other than the receiver and picked up through the senses.

Which of the following most accurately describes how silence should be used during doctor-patient communication?

Silence can be used both positively and negatively.

collectivistic cultures

Social in group norms and respecting others of the group; china and japan

temperament

Something that is inborn, traits form the biological basis of our personalities and is believed to be inheritable

Lydia opens conversation with a man beside her by saying, "Your legs must be tired because you have been running through my mind." Based on research on opening lines, which of the following would most accurately describe the man's reaction?

The man would feel flattered by Lydia.

Immediacy responses

Statements of the negotiators feelings about that individual at the time

Internal noises

Stimuli within the person that can occur at a subconscious level like a vague feeling of discomfort when someone stands to close we're wondering whether you logged off from your bank account before you left home

sun wolf and lawrence frey

Storytelling is a tool for the construction of shared identities and communities.

Verbal assurances

Stress our commitment to the other, showing our love and demonstrating our faithfulness- the longer the relationship, the more insurances we engage in

Stable Internal attribution

Take responsibility for your listening behavior in all your classes, Not just the ones you like

Overaccommodation

Talking down to or being condescending. Over simplistic grammar, or excessive smiling and touching

Direct methods

Teacher acting as the primary information source and often involving lectures and workbooks.

How to help apprehensive students

Teacher clarity and teacher in the immediacy, build motivation

Eating disorders

Teenage girls were unavailable or unwilling to listen to them tender to score higher on eating disorder measurements

Integrated methods

Tell and show students and give them access to learning on their own. Works best for students who are internally motivated and who accept that they are responsible for their future

red listening

Tend to ignore the needs of the other person and instead focus on their own needs

yellow listening

Tendency to be judgmental and evaluate what is said- try to fix it w/o really listening

Men in committed relationships

They see the conversation as the opportunity to solve a problem, sometimes offering unwanted advice

abstract conceptualization

Thinking focuses on our preference for relying on and using more abstract ways of processing information

Cognitive complexity in conversations

Those who are cognitively complex tend to be more accurate when processing information about other better able to imagine themselves in other peoples shoes, And tend to withhold judgments when forming impressions of others. They keep an open mind

Interaction involvement scale

Three elements: responsiveness, perceptiveness, and attentiveness

emotion coach

Through our parents we learned what emotions can be expressed within the family and in specific contexts

Student engagement

Topic interest, teacher interest, High immediacy

Generalized anxiety

Traits or personality based, engages in negative thinking before making a speech or talking to people

Storytelling identity

We maintain and change our identities, personal storytelling is important to the development of self identity throughout our lives.

Miscommunication

We understand or interpret actions and discourse by making inferences about the goals we think the other party has and the plans they have for attending those goals

Mutual commitment

We want partners who feel the same way about the relationship and have the same expectations

Content listening

Welcome complex and challenging information, Listen the facts before forming judgments and opinions, or favor listening to technical information

Social support must be

Well timed

Social perception

What one attends to or the impressions one forms of another. Distressed couples often have differences in how they describe relationship events, Reflecting the effect of cognitive schemata and personal biases. Good couples give their partners the benefit of the doubt and try to be more understanding

Relational closeness

When Partners regularly engage in these behaviors that encourage relational closeness, those behaviors help to establish and maintain security, trust, and acceptance that characterize well functioning relationships

Unstable attribution

When attributions change from class to class, develop a pattern response based on one of knees attribution areas to explain their success or failure in every class

physician centered talk

"im in charge"; they control the majority of the talking and control what gets discussed; they are more assertive, ask questions more, and answer questions less

delayed gratification

"patty cake" uses rhymes and actions to teach kids anticipation and the importance of waiting for the climax of the song

Strong families

* commitment to family and well-being * positive communication/ engage in constructive conflict management * regular expression and confirmation of affection * enjoyment of quality time together * a feeling of spiritual well-being * effectively manage stress and crisis situations

Watson Barker

* evaluation message content * understanding meanings in conversion * understanding and remembering information in lectures * evaluating emotional meanings in messages * following instructions and directions

Brown-Carlsen test

* immediate recall * following directions * recognizing transitions * lecture comprehension

Sources of conflict

* judgments of what constitutes good evidence * role expectations * Communication * views of relationships * personal interests * Beliefs about how something should be done

STEP III

* listening comprehension

KCLT

* short-term listening * short term listening with rehearsal * lecture listening * distractions

According to your textbook, if you spend 8 (eight) hours communicating at school, how much of that time would be spent listening?

2 hours

According to your text, what percentage of patients claim they did not tell their physician everything they wanted to during their appointment?

75

communication training for physicians

75% of doctors have never taken a communications class of any kind

Listening and taking notes

75% of students thought note taking did not help with studying, meaningful notes results from listening and fighting distractions

Mediation

A mediator facilitates negotiations between two or more parties in hopes of reaching a mutually satisfactory resolution.

Perspective taking

Ability to put yourself and your friends shoes

Borisoff and Hahn two steps for improving listening in close relationships

Accept and validate partners contributions and understand how your partner listens

be direct

Avoid making statements in the form of a question. It sounds like an option or choice is being offered when in reality it is not. "wouldn't you like to go study now?"

Reinforcement phase

Acknowledging on responding over the decision that has been reached

Active empathy listening scale

Active and emotional involvement of a listener during a given interaction, And involvement that is conscious on the part of the listener but is also perceived by the speaker; combines active and empathetic listening; examine the role of listening in close relationships

Working memory

Active contents of memory, is the information based at you used to listen. These two functions are necessarily affected by the short-term and long-term future of working memory

Converging learner

Active experimentation and abstract conceptualization: problem solving, role play, do not understand when information is touchy-feely or emotional, likes Direct and clear Messages

scripts

Address sequence of actions associated with a particular event

issue-emotion

Addresses both issues and emotions, difficult for parties to address their problems, a neutral third-party is needed to help individuals resolve their differences

Avoidance

Addresses how much Family members will avoid a conflict. Families that are more expressive and willing to address issues of contention tend to have stronger emotional family bonds

Perceptiveness

Addresses your ability to translate or assign meaning to the others behavior

Compressed advertisements

Ads with faster speaking rates and fewer pauses-more interesting, more persuasive, and easier to remember. The slower the advertisement, the more listeners can focus on specific facts, While higher rates lead listeners to develop a more global impressions of a message or speaker

Interaction involvement

Affects how others perceive your communication. Individuals low in interaction involvement tend to be less attentive to others, are less responsive during conversations, And tend to have problems choosing the most effective conversational strategy to use

Cognitive complexity

Affects how we process information and how we form schemata. It addresses how we perceive the incoming message, is it, and use it to interpret the communication event.

Attentiveness in story telling

Affects the story. For example, if someone is paying attention, we might drive the story out longer and become more expressive

Organizational structure

Alignment of personnel, or who reports to whom, who works with whom on what tasks, and so forth.

More powerful than fact

Characterizing the evidence

Conversation

An orderly jointly managed sequence of utterances produced by at least two people who may or may not share similar goals and the interaction

Publics

Any groups of people which witch the organization has an interdependent relationship (employees, customers, community)

Frames

Aspect of how speakers compose their messages and act as cognitive structures that guide information processing. The way a message is framed will promote a particular view, evaluation, solution, Etc.

Cognitive bin

Associated with thought and the active processing of information; interpretation and storage of information; uses memory, priming, and framing

Self-monitoring

Attempt to manage the impressions we leave with others. Low self monitors tend to be more consistent in the face a present to others.

Six suggestions for young children

Avoid distractions, be a good role model, The direct, ask children to paraphrase, allow children to look away, Reward good behavior

Why people choose mediation

Avoid high cost of trial, wants confidentiality, need to continue a working relationship with the other parties, if both parties are too emotional and know they cannot reach a resolution without someone

Kai is interested in studying listening between managers and subordinates, acknowledging the power differences between both parties. Which of the following scales would be most helpful for Kai to use?

BFF Situational Assessment Scale

Discounting information

Basically ignoring information because it is unimportant

How to build trust when becoming a doctor

Be aware of personal schemata, look interested, listen for distress markers, use silence carefully, listen more than you talk, allowing patients some control, take steps to ensure understanding avoid abruptly changing topics

Active understanding

Behaviors, such as paraphrasing, which show we are available, empathetic, and understanding of the other person's feelings

Scripts and relationships

Being asked out, first dates, relationship development, and termination are the most common scripts in North America; the more similar the scripts, the easier it becomes for individuals who are dating to protect each other's future behavior- Direct communication about expectations is the best route to maintain the relationship

Academic attributions

Belief in underlying causes of an event or situation. Assess our explanations of our Academic success and failure

Effective support is also reciprocal

Both people need to feel supported by the other. When one person feels they are doing the majority of the supporting, resentment and conflict build.

If our schemata and scripts are repeated over and over, which of the following will most likely happen?

Both the schemata and scripts will be reinforced.

Process of intimacy

Depends on self-disclosure and partner responsiveness

Emotionally oriented

Calls on professionals such as counselors, psychologists, Social workers, Ministers, Or others and helping professions to assist in resolving the dispute

Contradictory information

Can be a tag until a we have a sufficient number of tags we need to adjust or change our existing schema

Adult friendships

Career decisions, romantic relationships, negotiate changing self-perceptions; use explicit strategies to maintain relationships: openness, Joint activities, assurance, Positivity, Avoidance

High context cultures

Challenge in US classrooms because their communication and listening expectations are not dependent on direct messages

Evaluative

Characterizing character traits, Behaviors, Motivations

Learning problem-solving

Children learn more when their mother is listening, and children who have to explain the solution to a problem to their mom have a much improved ability to solve similar problems later on

Listening techniques

Clarification, paraphrasing, reflection, Summarizing

Primes

Clues embedded and the message that signal how the information should be interpreted. Like the word opportunities will influence how you interpret the message that follows. Your interpretation will be based on your knowledge of the term, your experiences with things labeled opportunities, and your reaction to those experiences

schema theory

Cognitive structure consisting of representations of some defined area (noun), that contain general knowledge, including expectations about relationships among attributes and how those attributes function. This knowledge helps us identify what a stimulus is as well as make sense of it

Person -centeredness

Cognitively complex, Tailor there message to match the people they are interacting with.

Approach predispositions

Communication behaviors that lead you to interact comfortably with others

Accommodating learners

Concrete experience and Active experimentation: kinesthetic Learning category, doing and experimentation, playing with it instead of reading directions, embrace change, new challenges, flexibility, risk-taking, Think about future consequences

Conflict phase

Conflict and debate between jurors, they should stay away from early votes and discuss the evidence first

Issue oriented

Connected to rules, regulations, for the guidelines we follow everyday life. Usually your boss, teacher, judge Will step in to resolve the dispute

Classroom climate

Connection between students and teachers

The Emotional IQ

Develops 812 years, Understand emotional communication, Label of motions and regulate/manage their emotions.

BFF situational assessment scale

Considers traditional listening elements such as the relationship between listeners and sharing information. Also focuses on the power differential between those involved. It also measures the feelings associated with the person or situation

Organizational clarity

Contributes to student learning, Helps process information by: providing natural breaks, allows to chunk the information and store it more easily, and facilitating schemata development

Interviewing - stage three

Counseling- 1. evaluating the facts of the case 2. assessing viable courses of action open to the client

culture and schema

Culture affects the content and structure of any schema or we form and in turn influences how we use schemata to make sense of information, events, people, Things we encounter. A good listener would take cultural differences into account when interpreting incoming information from individuals

Avoid distractions

Cutting out the distractions during important conversations should be done. Like technology

Casual daters

Dating more than one person

affective conflict

Debate that focuses on personality differences

Marital satisfaction

Debriefing conversations are very important: discussing daily routines, how ones day went, can lead to topics that are more important and perhaps touch couples lives more deeply

schemata and perceiving

Directing our attention to particular aspects of incoming messages. Working with priming and framing, schemata helps us truck information as it comes in and provides a basis for predicting what will be said next

Communication patterns

Distinct differences in the communication and conflict patterns of distressed and nondistressed couples

patient centered approach

Doctors who develop ongoing relationships with their patients, self disclose to their patients and expressed empathy to them, more likely to provide desired information and treatment

80-20 rule of listening

During the jury selection, attorneys should listen 80% of the time and talk 20% of the time

Margaret imhof

Effective academic listeners should be able to integrate information from numerous sources, manage their attitudes and motivation, focus attention, activate and modify cognitive schemata, use metacognitive strategies to encode and retain information

Internal attributions

Effort, I did not study enough AND ability, I am not a math person

Intangible conflict

Elements Address issues such as what makes your family unique and what binds you together

Tangible conflict

Elements focus on specifics of the conflict, Such as what time curfew should be

Estimator variables

Elements not under our control but directly related to the Crema events, Like severity of the crime, Complexity of the event, and familiarity with surroundings as well as the race, Attractiveness, Sex, Age of the accused. Any of these factors affect how we perceive both auditory and visual information

Involved daters

Emotionally involved in a reciprocal love relationship with one person; communication issues become more important as we become more involved in the relationship

Open-ended questions

Encourage partners to provide greater disclosure

Reinforcement

Encourages someone to start or continue with a behavior

Hostile

Engage in fewer negative and more positive behaviors than hostile detached couples

Take breaks unnecessary

Especially when there's a heated argument, it is difficult to listen when we are upset or angry

Interviewing- stage one

Establish rapport- 1. put the clients at ease by presenting a professional image and keeping distractions to a minimum 2. allowing the client to direct the initial part of the interview 3. engaging in relational listening

Classroom management

Established rules, procedures, and standards Guide behaviors and expectations about the class

Lack of time

Everyone is busy-finding time to communicate can be difficult. Knowing when we are too busy listening is important because distractions make the speaker feel devalued and less likely to share anything

Speaking and listening responsibility

Everyone who works there has to take responsibility for his own experience and perceptions and be able and willing to recognize the difference between blame and personal responsibility

Girls friendship

Exclusive and dyadic

social schemata

Expectations about how the social world operates; how are you organize our knowledge about people, self, social rules, and events, stereotypes, scripts

structural expectations and schemata

Expectations that information is supposed to be structured or organized in a pattern that is appropriate to and in keeping with the triggered schema. For example, if you have an established morning routine and you "remember" picking up your coffee mug when in reality you did not, you convince yourself that you left the mug on the bus because you have a clear memory of picking up on the way out the door

Conflict engager's

Express regard for their significant others by directly addressing potentially contentious issues, listening closely, and responding appropriately. they Express more negative emotions than avoiders, but also express more positive behavior

Direct expressions of caring

Expressions of love, affection, and concern

Indirect vulnerable disclosures

Expressions that signal the need for emotional support and understanding

extroversion/ introversion

Extroverts become energized through contact with others and my experience a power drain if there is too much quiet or seclusion. Introverts prefer solitary and find people tiring

Underaccommodate

Fail to appreciate, Pay attention to, unwilling to take into account, The needs of the other party

Perspective taking

Family members ability to confirm the perspectives of other family members and to take those perspectives and experiences into account when telling a story

Coherence

Family members ability to work together during the joint telling of a story to be able to integrate it into a larger whole

Receiver apprehension

Feeling anxiety about being on the receiving end of the communication process; low test scores, negative attitude toward instructor and course, low motivation and perceptions of one's ability to learn

Action listening

Focus less on personal relationships and more on errors and inconsistencies within an incoming message. Focus on information related to the task they're working on. thinking, sensing, judging

People listening

Focus on relationships with others, generally let speakers know they're interested in and concerned about their emotional state, feeling is associated with this people listening style

Indirect methods

Focuses on showing, teacher acts as a facilitator of learning, make sure that the class understands the purpose of the discussion and ensuring opportunities to participate

Substantive conflict

Focuses on the evidence and debates over ideas

Self disclosure

Further the negotiation, Like encouraging someone threatening suicide to disclose back because these societal pressures we typically feel make us want to respond in a similar manner

Factors affecting empathy

Gender, culture,

Communication apprehension

Generalize fear you experience when put into a particular communication situation; social anxiety

emotional awareness

Go beyond people interactions, Like pets, art, home, other objects and events

Principle of cooperation

Grice said some conversational maxims based on the key principle that we engage in and interaction to get the maximum amount of information possible and that we expect the other party to cooperate in this effort

Esther mentions some details about her parents to her date. She expects that her date will also reveal some family details. Esther's expectations are guided by

Grice's concept of reciprocity

Story model of jury decision-making

Helps us understand how jurors process information during the pre-deliberation stage of the trial- Testimony phase

Nonregulation

Higher ratio of negative to positive behaviors

Regulation

Higher ratio of positive behaviors and negative behaviors

Teacher self-disclosure

Honest, relevant to course content, And/or used clarify concepts under discussion. We find self-disclosure to be interesting or motivating which increases listening and positive attitudes

Crisis negotiation

Hostagetaking, Messing violence, suicide attempts, Standoffs. Negotiators have psychology and counseling backgrounds and strong communication skills

Systemic changes

How do I organization handles large-scale organizational conflict

Structural traditionalism

How much family members embrace conventional notions of marriage and family life

Responsive style

How parents respond to their children and teenagers helps them to name feelings, shows that it's okay to have those feelings, and provides a means of addressing them constructively

Responding to storytelling

How people respond to her stories is important because it affects the self verification process

Accommodation

How we adjust to communication behavior to the other party. Allows us to respond to the needs of the other party whether it be for privacy or empathy.

david bohm

Human relationships are essentially collaborative activities and a process of creation; in many listening instances we are blocked from fully understanding the other because our need to protect ourselves and their meanings argued when we communicate lack an ability to truly listen to others without bias and without trying to influence others

listening

Hypothetical constructs, something you know exists but you can't actually see it; many dimensions

active experimentation

Identifies our need for hands-on learning

Self verification example

If you think you're funny, Then you're more likely to tell personal stories that reflect the funny things that you did or that happen to you in the past week

Nonverbal disconfirming messages

Ignoring people, Talking about them as if they were not there, or excluding them from conversations

intrapersonal information flow model

Illustrates the fundamental elements of cognitive processing that occurred during the listening process

The Listening Concepts Inventory was developed by

Imhof and Janusik

Listening concepts inventory

Imhof and Janusik; tests of their new measurements found that the students they surveyed Believe listening and listening behaviors are based on for central beliefs about the role of listening: organizing information, Building relationships, Learning/integrating information, And critiquing Messages

personality Traits

Inborn/inherited, Stable, stylistic - driven, is a predisposition

Negative social support

Include feeling obligated to the support giver, losing self esteem, drawing more attention to the problem, and feeling inadequate. Overprotectiveness from the supporter is another example

Generic responses/ back channel

Include nonverbal actions such as nodding and vocalizations such as: mhm and uh huh; to show that we are actually listening

Emotional bin

Includes attitudes, values, and beliefs that guide how you live your life

Boys friendship

Inclusive and group oriented

individualistic cultures

Independence, individual expression, self-reliance; USA

Committed couples

Individuals in close relationships are important sources of feedback in our interactions with the social world.

Interviewing - stage two

Information gathering- 1. briefly outline the purpose and goals of the interview 2. ask questions 3. take brief notes 3. be respectful 4. listen for truthfulness, accuracy, omissions, Contradictions 5. avoid prejudice

Culture and commitment

Intercultural relationships face difficulties in relation to expectations. For example, Americans focus on fairness and equity while Koreans take for granted their marriage partner and still remain in their relationship. As a result they do not track the types of commitments or obligations that an American couple would

Input failure

Involve incorrectly perceiving or interpreting information. When an organization miss reads market research or feedback from employees or other important parties, the organization suffers from input failure

Social network support

Involves maintaining ongoing relationships, Either a network of friends and family or the network of colleagues Business, Or coworkers

Personal issues

Issues that are personal and based on emotions. What an organization or individual takes the time to listen, It tends to call me emotional mind

John has high conversational sensitivity, so what can one assume about his emotional intelligence?

John is likely to have high emotional intelligence.

Evidence driven

Jurors actively listen to one another, engaging argumentation, openly debating the validity of the evidence

orientation phase

Jurors take a few minutes to decompress from the events of the trial and get to know one another more

family orientation schemata

Knowledge structures that represent the external world of the family and provide a basis for interpreting what other family members say and do

blaming language

Language that focuses to blame and responsibility on another person, Like "You make me so mad"

Mechanical bin

Learned behaviors; everyday tasks that's our condition and habitual

personality States

Learned, adaptive, content driven, is situational The effect that the external environment has on us; parts of our personality that are shaped by experiences with the environment and the people within it

Polarization

Less cognitively complex see people in bipolar dimensions like: Smart/stupid, mean/nice.

Reward good behavior

Let them know they've done a good job of listening

Dating/initiating romantic relationships

Listening and dating is the opening line; Women often feel threatened by a men's opening lines, While men do not care

Be a good role model

Listening closely and without criticism is important for building trust. Avoid giving out too much advice, Denying feelings, jumping to conclusions, interruptions, or brushing children off

What is one of the primary goals of instituting a Listening Across the Curriculum program?

Listening education should consist of more than one class.

physiology of listening

Listening to his abilities can be caused by both physiological and neurological dysfunctions with the auditory system

Adolescent friendships

Loyalty, trust, and emotional support; appreciate differences in friends versus yourself, as kids, they make fun of people who are lesser than them, But as adolescents we except differences

External attributions

Luck, I guessed right AND task difficulty, this project is unreasonable

Relationship functions

Maintaining interaction, maintaining liking, Maintaining intimacy, Conflict resolution, Emotional support

A local agency wants to create a television advertisement giving viewers five instructions for how to prepare for flu season. Which of the following suggestions would you give the agency for designing an effective advertisement?

Make sure that the announcer speaks slowly.

Avoidance predispositions

Make you feel comfortable

Listening responses to conflict

Marital stability can be maintained when there are five positive behaviors to each negative behavior, for communication (including poor listening) are related to increased negativity.

self-disclosure

May first come to trust others and Open up to them, Tell them something personal or private. Families high in Communication orientation encourage this

Reframing

Mediator reframes the message so it is more acceptable for the opposing party

Long-term memory

Memories of language, Events, Lessons, Other information are all storage. This memory can recall and use that recalled information so your logical reasoning capacities as well as abilities to synthesize and analyze information are all involved

Men are more confrontational in their listening and women listen collaboratively

Men are more comfortable challenging the teachers comments and engaging in classroom discussions, while women discuss little groups and want an exact answer

The Integrative Listening Model

Mental stimulus, Awareness, Translation, Evaluation, Recall, Response, Stay connected and motivated

schema- based distortions

Misremembering information

Avoiders

More likely to withdraw from listening, likely because the act of really listening carries with it the expectation of verse bonds

Conditioned anxiety

Most likely manifesting itself as sweaty palms, hyperventilation, or nausea

turn-taking

Not only taking turns during talking, But also how dynamic and/or polite family members are when they listen

Responsiveness

Occurs as you respond to your partners disclosure in a way that validates the other person and shows caring and understanding; this encourages additional disclosure, Which helps to further established a close and intimate relationship

Intimacy avoidance

Occurs when the partner avoids or withdraws from us let me try to confide in them, they don't want us to self disclose to them

schemata and attending

Once you decide to attend to something, Your schema for that thing triggers a set of expectations for the incoming information. This helps with prioritizing information so you focus your energy and about is the most important

Model failure

One incoming information sales to fit with expectations or fit into the listeners existing schema. The listener may make inappropriate inferences or reach the wrong conclusions about the information. In companies, this happens when the organization focuses more on its own ideas and products need been on the changing trends, Like not making fuel efficient SUVs for family when gasoline prices skyrocket

Confirming messages

One of the Important ways in which the identities we seek to construct are maintained. These messages imply an acceptance of and by others

family story role

One of the primary ways that families and family members make sense of everyday, as well as difficult, events, create a sense of individual and group identity, Remember, connect generations, And established guidelines for family behavior. With so many important functions, storytelling is a significant but still understudied communicative process for the family

Asking children to paraphrase

Orally or written, good listening requires the ability to analyze and summarize information

Listening safe zones

Organization uses type of listening that creates an atmosphere in which information can be exchanged freely and solutions emerge

memory and organization

Organize memory and away work can be recalled like how information about people it stored in a different category that information about objects. The category of people will have sex, stereotypes, race, values, beliefs, attitudes

fisher's phases

Orientation, conflict, reinforcement

When scripts are broken

Other family members may see that Break as a threat to family stability and attempt to bring that family member back into line

As we grew up listening to the tales, our lives are influenced in many ways

Our self concept is shaped, our notion of individual choice is developed, Our perception of our individual power is formed, and our view of community/ our place in it is molded.

Susan Scott

Our successes and failures are built one conversation at a time and the conversation is the relationship. When our conversation slow or stop, our relationships are weakened.

Listening skills that mediators use

Paraphrasing, Reframing, reviewing

Perspective and parent- teen interactions

Parents see Lines of communication as open or extremely open while teenagers see them as open or somewhat open. sex doesn't get talked about.

Role definition

Parents think that in order to be successful, And Their children must have the same views and values that they have

dismissing parents

Parents who are not comfortable with emotion coaching, they tried to be helpful and make their children feel better by ignoring the child's emotions

assisting in the understanding of conversations and listener perceptions

Part of the effect of Conversations come in the transmission of cultural values, Conversations reveal the frames, story themes, and the words used to explain the world around us

Instinctive bin

Physiological functioning of the human system; you don't have to think about how to sneeze, You just do it.

Which scholar indicated that regular viewers of court programming, when called for jury duty, will expect the judge in their courtroom to act like the judges seen on television?

Podlas

Investigate interviewing

Police officer asking witnesses questions and listening to answer; officer must ask A free flowing response question so the witness does not integrate extra information into their answer

emotional schemata

Pre dispose us to experience some emotions over others towards certain people

Action techniques

Probing, confrontation, interpretation, Information giving, and instructions

Problem solving

Problematic if someone jumps to solving the situation before listening to all sides of the issue

Decoding deficit

Problems and decoding verbal and nonverbal communication. Couples assume that they know more about their partner than they actually do, which leads to assumptions and false interpretations of the spouses message

Directive support

Providing nonrequested types of coping behaviors or solutions for the recipient of the support.

Perceptual screens

Psychological filters that affect how you perceive the stimulus. If you associate the train with something scary then it is unpleasant. Once information is in the system, then we store the information appropriately

learning (listening) organization

Purpose, mission, culture, climate, Social support, leadership, and listening

The person known as the "Father of Listening" is

Ralph Nichols

Learning to manage emotions

The appropriate expression of emotions, possible reactions to others positive and negative emotions, the nature of emotional expression, and the types of situations that are likely to elicit emotions

inquiry

The art to ask questions

temporal lobe

The auditory area of the brain, retrieves and retains a message in a coordinated way

Confusion over acceptance

The best listening occurs when we accept people just the way they are and except their views. Parents think that if they listen then they don't have to except their childs view

Boundary management

The decisions we make about what information and feelings we will share with others and our awareness of the potential cost of sharing that information

Conversation orientation

The degree to which a family encourages its members to participate in unrestricted discussions about a wide variety of subjects. If your family has a height conversation orientation, you grew up interacting frequently and embraced open and direct conversations regardless of how controversial the topic was

effect of values on schemata

The more the information is linked to strong values, beliefs, or attitudes you hold, The more motivated you will be to focus your attention on it. It can affect what information you choose to move from short-term to long-term memory

absent other

The person on the other end of the technological connection (phone, computer, etc)

case themes

The stories of the trial have a theme, as important as the key facts of the case; jurors Will pay more attention to some evidence and testimony of a more compelling story and we will work harder to make that evidence fit with the story

schemata and listening

The way we process information in four ways human information processing is dynamic, what happens to the information during the listening process, incorporate the context of the listening event, and assisting in the understanding of conversations and listener perceptions

Green listening

True supportive listening, type that involves listening to the person from where he is, Not where we want him to be; AKA empathetic listening

Individual receiver apprehension

Type of anxiety that impairs our ability to manage information. Experience anxiety or anger or antipathy when facing interaction. Those who are highly receiver apprehensive do not want to listen because they tend to be intellectually inflexible and fear having to comprehend complex or abstract information

Confrontation

Use to Address inconsistencies or discrepancies in a persons statements, behaviors, Or in between both. "you say you don't want to hurt anyone, but you shot the window twice"

Reviewing

Use when an extended silence occurs during discussion, review major issues or scenes that have been discussed-getting back on track

Verbal signals

Used to clarify the relationships between ideas

Teacher immediacy

Verbal and nonverbal behaviors reduce the distance between teachers and students. More personal connection

organizational lecture cues

Verbal signals, transitional statements, summary statements

reflective observation

Watching

The researchers who recently identified individual listening style preferences are

Watson and Barker

False consensus

When group members think they agree what actually they don't (12 angry men)

Willingness to listen

When one is ready to listen, the other is not ready to talk. The information that a teenager is willing to share is dependent upon the relationship they have with both their parents and peers.

Emotional support

When the stress and emotional pain often stems from the invalidation of the self, Either directly= rejection by a valued other, or indirectly= failing at something connected to one self-concept

Listening noises

When we are not cognitively engaged in the conversation and say mhm and uh huh. This deceives the speaker.

nonaccomodation

When we engage in behavior that is someway either exclude the other party or makes them feel excluded.

Validation

When we engage in behaviors that enhance our partners self-esteem and show we except and have confidence in them

Nonverbal confirming messages

When we include others in our conversations

Social support

When we receive sensitive social support, It tends to make us feel better and we can more effectively address our problems. It is the most desired and essential type of support we seek from our close relationship partners

Women in committed relationships

When women share their problems and experiences, the conversation is viewed as a means of expressing empathetic Communication- they are looking for understanding from their partner

Conformity orientation

Where a family stresses the importance of having the same attitudes, values, and beliefs. If your family is high in conformity orientation, it stresses the importance of hierarchy and clear rules- no deviation from family norms and expectations- usually avoids conflict

Scholars __________ and __________ use a tree as a metaphor to describe the different types of listening.

Wolvin / Coakley

pseudo self- disclosure

fake self- disclosure that is used to Attempt to manipulate or control people

You are dating someone from an individualistic culture. Which of the following best describes your partner's self-disclosure?

You are likely to hear about your partner's accomplishments.

Empathetic responsiveness

You feel with the person and engage in perspective taking

Allow children to look away

You should make eye contact, but when children look away it is for a concentration and aids in formulating a response

When listening to impassioned speeches from her classmates, Zoe can usually identify classmates' moods and sometimes assumes the joy or concern displayed by her classmates. Which listening style preference would best describe Zoe?

Zoe is a People-oriented listener.

Studying listening in the family context can be difficult because

family make-up varies widely today

extrinsic listening

its going to be on the exam

One nonverbal way in which patients might indicate to a physician that they are about to make an important disclosure is by

a long pause while talking

Doctors who do NOT develop ongoing relationships with their patients will likely experience higher

job burnout

critical comprehension

to listen with an open mind; to be aware of biases and recognize that everyone has a unique perspective

measuring listening

abstract- cannot see it

what happens to the information during the listening process

accounts for the effective culture on how listeners you and subsequently interpret information, listeners need to be aware of their own cultural values as well as others

Judy having a conversation with her mother. Her mother is discussing why it is important to have a specific time set aside each day to complete homework. Judy acknowledges her mother's points and can see that her mother feels passionately about the subject, but, even after asking directly, Judy doesn't understand why her mother is so concerned about homework. In this scenario, which level of listening would best describe Judy?

active

informational support

addresses how corporations share and provide information

During deliberations Brynn states, "They just don't understand the crime because they are men." Brynn's statement can BEST be described as an example of

affective conflict

Which of the following pieces of advice would help John be a better listening model for his younger siblings?

allow children to look away

mediation and binding arbitration

alternative despite resolution

occupational schemata

another type of people schemata; like determine which jobs hold the most respect.. different in every country

Communicators tend to model communication behaviors after

anyone we observe communicating

consumeristic approach

as consumers of medicine, patients were expected to actively participate in their health

According to Gassmann and Grawe, the best therapists are able to

asses patients strengths

Dorian knows that her mother has failing eye sight and some trouble seeing while driving. Dorian thinks it may be time to limit her mother's access to her car. However, Dorian knows that bringing up this issue to her brothers will cause everyone to argue. Dorian decides not to mention the issue. Dorian has most demonstrated which of the following?

avoidance

Listening is important as adolescent friendships develop because at that stage, adolescents are learning

to understand emotional differences between friends

According to your textbook, listening is an important competency for which two of the following?

communication and life

According to research by Greitemeyer, students who listen to prosocial music are most likely to engage in which of the following activities?

community service

social support

based on the social relationships or networks that we develop

what to do as a patient

be aware of your schemata, come prepared, be assertive, make sure you have the physicians full attention, use the information-verifying skills

Individuals that value providing emotional support are likely to

be more popular

Stage one of an attorney-client interview is primarily focused on which of the following?

building rapport

In terms of the doctor-patient relationship, adolescents and adults differ on the importance of __________ when sharing health information.

confidentiality

Based on the definition of listening proposed by the International Listening Association, after receiving a spoken or nonverbal message, we next

construct meaning from the message

The principle that indicates people engage in conversation to get the maximum amount of information possible, while acknowledging conversation partners are doing the same, is called the principle of

cooperation

checking for understanding

counselor does a verbal check to determine if they have identified the primary issues troubling a patient

When an organization fails to live up to its stated values, it exhibits

culture gaps

Tanner and Elijah are walking to class. Tanner's phone rings, and Tanner answers the phone instead of answering Elijah's question. Tanner continues talking to his mother on the phone, and Elijah is quiet as they walk the rest of the way to class. Tanner's answering of his phone instead of conversing with Elijah has caused

caller hegemony

Classrooms in low-context cultures are more likely to focus on

clearly organized presentations

Family members' abilities to work together during the joint telling of a story to integrate the story into a larger whole is referred to as

coherence

The study of biologically-based personality traits and their effects on communication is

communibiology

Barkley claims that her grandfather will give her a higher sum of money for her birthday if her grade point average stays above a 2.9. Barkley's grandfather doing this will most likely provide

extrinsic motivation

Jade is vocal about his feelings and thinks aloud when solving a problem. Jade would be best classified as a(n)

extrovert

mission

declaration of the purpose that should answer 6 questions: 1. who are we? 2. what are the basic needs for the problems for which we exist? 3. how do we respond to these needs? 4. how should we respond to key stakeholders? 5. core values? 6. what makes us unique?

The purpose of an organization

describes what the organization exists to do

phonomena

designed to help kids with language problems; computer games that help kids differentiate phonemes

The third step in the QuEST model addresses

determining the best plan for treatment

The type of listening that helps us identify if we are in harm's way after hearing a sound is

discriminative

voice of medicine

doctors rely on the data of physical exams and other medical tests, they discuss symptoms, results, medication and do not listen to the voice of the life-world

paternalist approach

doctors viewed as godlike individuals that dispensed good health

mozart effect

does not actually increase intelligence, but makes people happier for the moment, and there might be short term gains in spatial-temporal reasoning

organization

dynamic system in which people engage in a collective effort for goal accomplishments

reflection

echoing, restating, paraphrasing

A counselor is most likely to be called to assist in Alternative Dispute Resolution for which type of dispute?

emotionally-oriented

sociability

empathetic response: express sympathetic responses to others and believe in perception taking egocentric: respond, but not empathetic and don't pick up emotional cues

traits

enduring personal qualities or attributes that influence behavior across sit

A 2008 Gallup poll identified which of the following as one of the top five most trusted professions in the United States?

engineers

empathetic listening

essence of good listening, human connection, use empathy to reach across the space between us

In Judy Brownell's HURIER model of listening, the "E" stands for

evaluating

listening fidelity

examined through literal comprehension; what the receiver actually processes and what the sender actually delivers

Saying, "This project was too detailed for the amount of time we had!" is a(n) __________ attribution

external

When teachers address poor classroom performance in girls, the teachers usually attribute

external causes

computer meditated communication

focus of another growing body of research. Plays an important function in our professional, educational, and personal lives; texting, computers, phone calls, emails, Social media

instrumental support

focus on doing tasks and favors

organizational social support

focuses on the informational functions of supportive communication and the role that co-workers play in assisting one another in defining and making sense of their work environment

kolb's experimental learning model

four stage learning process w/ 2 dimensions: 1. concrete experience (sensing/feeling) and abstract conceptualization (thinking) 2. active experimentation (doing) and reflective observation (watching)

Which country below had students who reported the highest interaction involvement scores in the research presented in your textbook?

germany

An individual with low interaction involvement is most likely to

have difficulty choosing conversation strategies

Professor Williams looks across the room throughout his lecture, walking around with a wireless microphone attached so that the whole class can hear him, no matter where he is. Professor Williams usually incorporates a few jokes throughout the lecture, as well. According to research, students with receiver apprehension who are in Professor Williams' class will likely respond by

having less receiver apprehension

Friendships in children 5-8 years old are likely to be based on behaviors demonstrating

helpfulness

Jane is talking on her phone to her mother while walking to her next class. She has an exam the class, so she also is trying to look at vocabulary flash cards as she walks. In this situation, Martha is experiencing which of the following?

high cognitive load

If Ilsa listens and processes a message almost identical to the message that was being sent to her, one could say Ilsa has which of the following?

high listening fidelity

conversational sensitivity

how attentive and responsive you are to your conversation partners. high sensitivity= pick up social cues

people schemata

how we perceive individuals

time listening

hurried interactions, communicative time management

A construct that one knows exists but cannot see what called what?

hypothetical

literal comprehension

in order to build and use this, denotative meaning must be there first. There needs to be a base knowledge in order to understand the subject

nurturing support

includes emotional, esteem, and social network support

action-facilitating support

includes instrumental and informational support

The use of technology has ____________ our overall communication time and ___________ overall time spent speaking and listening. a. increased / increased

increased, decreased

collaboration

indicates employees work together in a selfless manner

alignment

indicates the organization is listening to the needs and values of employees and working with those needs

A non-profit organization decided to let its employees find out about its bankruptcy filings through a local newspaper article. This decision is linked to which form of social support?

information

A hospital sends out surveys to its employees, who reply with feedback that the food service is not adequately meeting their needs. The hospital installs a coffee and pastry cart in the main lobby, even though the employees were indicating that changes were needed in cafeteria options. The hospital is experiencing __________ failure.

input

__________ is the art of asking questions.

inquiry

Information pertaining to the act of blinking when your eyes need moisture would fall in which bin?

instinctive

Which of the following methods of teaching gives students the greatest amount of control over their own learning?

integrated

In the Intrapersonal Information Flow model, when internal stimuli prevent one from listening, they become

internal noise

In her career choices, Pilar desires to be a part of "something bigger than herself" so she can contribute to the larger whole. Pilar's desire demonstrates an

intrinsic attribute

Levi decides he wants to purchase a home because it will be a good investment. He visits a house with a realtor and decides to place an offer. His realtor suggests that he look at more houses or do more research on the surrounding community, but Levi tells his realtor, "I just got a good feeling from this house." Levi would be best described as a(n)

intuitor

speech intelligibility

involves a sender and a listener who processes the signal to arrive at some level of understanding

judgment/perception

judge: value time and use it effectively, organize and plan, need structure, gets everything accomplished before fun Perception: curious, flexible, you keeping options open, make delays in decision-making, very spontaneous

voir dire

jury selection

race and ethnicity

language differences lead to miscommunication or no communication; affect who its prescriptions and certain health diagnosis's; overall attractiveness (inside and out) determines care

Kara tells a story about a rude postal service employee who "practically threw a package" into the office and ran out of the building. Sydney, who is listening to the story, says, "Kara, the mail carriers have a whole office building to deliver to. I think your story is a bit insensitive." Which of the following is Kara most likely to feel?

less self verified

Families that value expressiveness are

likely to be cohesive

human information processing is dynamic

listeners actively seek to make connections in their minds, decide what is relevant and irrelevant, incorporate new material being counter into information banks, and make connections between new information and existing schema that is influenced by all their life experiences

appreciative listening

listening for enjoyment

comprehensive listening

listening for understanding the message; pay attention to every little thing- take in all context

Discriminative listening

listening to distinguish surroundings, sounds, language, pitch; make the decision of whether to tune in or not; critical for survival

Comprehensive listening is most important in which context of juror listening?

listening to judge instructions

speaker effect

listening to the pitch, precision, and patterns of emphasis

Which of the following pieces of evidence would likely be the most influential to a jury?

live witness testimony

Hernando says, "If we don't conduct standardized testing, our school systems will not be able to evaluate progress as compared to other schools." This is an example of a __________ statement

loss-framed

Sadie found it difficult to get over her first impression of a recent lunch date. Sadie thought her lunch date was dressed inappropriately and was rude by being late. Even though the lunch conversation was interesting, Sadie felt like her instincts were right about this person, and she plans not to date this person again. Sadie could be best described as having

low cognitive complexity

Not feeling free to share opinions with other members of the family reflects a __________ orientation.

low conversation

Which of the following is an effect of receiver apprehension in the classroom?

lower test scores

Which of the following is an assumption reflected in the two-way symmetrical model?

managing perceptions of various viewpoints

relation

maxim that says we believe the information we get is going to be relevant to the purpose of the interaction as well as the flow of conversation

Quality

maxim that says we expect the other person to tell us the truth or at least what she believes to be the truth

Manner

maxim that says we expect the speaker to be brief, orderly, and clear. It assumes that we have the same level of ability and knowledge about the language we use to converse

Quantity

maxim that says we expect the speaker to give us useful information that we don't already know without overwhelming us too much information

connotative meaning

meaning that we give ourselves for words, our own definitions of words

A physician who spends more time discussing x-ray results and treatment options rather than asking what issues might have caused the injury is focusing on the voice of

medicine

Gender

men and women are treated differently in the classrooms, advantage of boys over girls: boys get more attention, detailed instructions, praise for intellectual content

The family therapist that suggests conversations are about listening and parents are in charge is

michael nichols

effect of culture

misunderstandings happen when people have different ideas about the nature of the illness, how you act in health care situations, and how the illness reflects on people in the community

prosocial music

more likely to engage in positive behaviors

Which of the following types of Alternative Dispute Resolution provides the greatest control over level of outcome?

negotiation

The receiver specifically has control when offering

nondirective support

According to your textbook, a good critical listener knows that the majority of a message comes from the speaker's

nonverbal behavior

Providing a means to incorporate the context of the listening event

of the world around them, Sometimes making sense of the situation is very easy because an interaction or event goes the way schematics script says it should go

Regarding family conflict, which of the following is an intangible conflict element in the fight between two siblings who both need to borrow the family car?

one sibling is the first born

To take good notes is to listen for

organizational lecture cues

Grice's maxim of manner guides a speaker to be

organized

One responsive technique used during active listening to show understanding of a speaker's message and feelings is called

paraphrasing

According to the predominant approach to counseling, the person in a counseling relationship who can best determine the way to solve a patient's problem is

patient

collaborative approach

patients and physicians working together towards good health

culture

pattern of shared basic assumptions that was learned by a group as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid, and therefore, taught new members, as the correct way to see, think and feel in relation to those problems.

Low context cultures

pay more attention to verbal expression rather than nonverbal cues; want precise and exact answers

multidimensional listening

paying attention to more than just the message- it requires multiple dimensions (dimension tests)

emotional intelligence

people who are more conversational sensitive have a higher emotional intelligence. identify emotions, facilitate thought, manage emotions, understand emotions

organizational climate

perception of how things are in an organization. a response to the culture of an organization

The ability to assign meaning to another person's behavior is

perceptiveness

In the Awareness stage of the Listening MATERRS model, deciding to not attend to your professor's message on social networking because you believe she is too old to really understand new technologies would be best described as which of the following?

personal bias

communibiology

personality and communication are intertwined; our communication behaviors are effected by biology

About 91 percent of questions asked during a health interview are asked by the

physician

If one sees the world in black and white, people as good or bad, and friends as happy or sad, one is engaging in

polarization

kinesthetic learner

prefer demonstration or physical involvement

Research indicates that most telecommuters

prefer knowing less about day-to-day operating information than people on-site

auditory learner

prefer spoken information

visual learner

prefer to see, observe, write down info

Seth listens to his cubicle mate in order to show interest and sustain a helpful work relationship, and Seth listens to his department coordinator in order to receive instruction. These different motives for listening are described in which aspect of the Systems Model?

presage

motivation

proactive listener; reasons to listen;

listening, writing, and oral communication across the curriculum

programs developed to help students hone their communication skills so they will be effective communicators when they enter the workplace

organizational concepts

purpose, mission, culture, climate

open-ended questions

questions or comments that encourage us to continue speaking

Which of the following is NOT an action technique?

reinforcement

Frederico is taking a vegetable gardening class because he wants to know more about growing his own food to be environmentally sustainable. Fiona is taking the class for college credit. On the first day of class, Frederico likely feels more __________ toward the class than Fiona.

relevance

Which of the following is NOT one of Grice's maxims?

relevance

Concrete experience

rely on concrete facts

A listener who is emotionally mature will also be better at

responsible speaking

Barrett is saying "Hmm..." and nodding his head as his client talks about her lunch date before the start of their appointment. Which level of listening most accurately describes Barrett's behavior in this communication act?

responsive

After her partner discloses information about a conflict at work, Margo says, "I think what you are saying is important, and you really do have a point. I'd like to hear more." Margo is demonstrating

responsiveness

While he was at lunch with his officemate, John broke eye contact to look at the passing dessert tray, but then looked back a few seconds later. Based on research on listener participation, what is John's officemate likely to do after John broke eye contact?

restart sentence

A cognitive structure consisting of representations of some defined area is a

schema

Donna is re-telling a story about a recent restaurant experience. The food she received at the restaurant was not prepared how she ordered it, and the restaurant smelled of fish. Donna does not plan to return to the restaurant. When Donna's friend asks about the cleanliness of the restaurant and the wait staff, Donna doesn't remember specific details and says, "Oh, I feel like everything was just dirty. It was just so bad." Donna's response to her friend includes

schema-based distortion

memory storage and recall

schemata helps decide when a message is complete and can be stored in memory or when you need to keep a category open until you gain sufficient information to formulate a working schema. The very way we perceive information affects how we store and recall any message

schemata and memory

schemata the facts to memory stage of listening by us identify information that she restored or forgotten, organize information in our memories, and aid us in recalling information

Problem focused support

seek support to solve a problem

How individuals construct their own social worlds is known as

self varification

sensing/ intuiting

sensors: practical and more interested in the here and now, Less interested in hypothetical futures. They trust her own senses and personal experiences and rely on these to perceive whats around them intuitors: abstract, more imaginative than practical. Greater trust in there imagination than their senses; hunch

A negotiator discloses information about his elderly father to a man threatening suicide. The negotiator is using a(n)

sharing response

The impressions that we form of others are called

social perception

Marcus is analyzing how an instructor's speaking skills and initial credibility can affect a student's listening skills in the classroom. Marcus' studies are analyzing which element of listening comprehension?

speaker-related factors

"Men with British accents are more attractive and make much better friends" is best described as a

stereotype

An aspect of family schemata that describes how much family members embrace traditional models of marriage and family life is called

structural traditionalism

organizational culture

study of an organizations way of life, one created by the history of the organization, its leaders, and employees

gender schemata

subcategory of people schemata; traits, occupations, and other information associated with maleness and femaleness

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, Jadic heard the stories of New Orleans locals and felt not just their sorrow, but also anger at how some of the tragedy might have been prevented but was not. Which term best describes Jadic's feelings?

sympathetic responsiveness

Darlene was able to give a description of suspect immediately after she witnessed a crime, but the trial proceedings took a year to begin. Darlene did not remember as much a year later. This variable is a(n)

system variable

Which of the following terms describes what one might do with information that he or she wants to retain and possibly use to develop new schemata?

tag

One of the most important steps to becoming a listening organization is having members

take personal responsibility for solving problems

Which of the following aspects of personality are considered to be most stable?

temperaments

learning style

tendency to choose or express a liking for a certain instructional technique

Which of the following is NOT a reason for inconsistency in verbal and nonverbal messages?

the information is pleasant but the speaker is not

Qi

the life force or energy that resides in the body; health is related to life energy

denotative meaning

the literal meaning of a word- dictionary definition

reevaluate a schema

the stronger the schema the more TAGS will be used

empathy-building statements

therapists acknowledge their clients feelings and indicate that they understand those feelings

critical listening

think about the message, make inferences, and evaluate both the speaker and the message- distinguishing facts from opinions

thinking/feeling

thinker: values logic, truthfulness, and criticism as well as objectivity, Justice, and fairness. Focus on analyzing things in terms of cause and effect, and logic guides their behaviors and actions feeler: need for belonging, value sympathy, empathy, and harmony. More subjective, weighing the relative merits of alternatives. Try to understand people and attend to what matters to others

intrinsic listening

this will help me in my career (inner motivation)

Judgers and Perceivers have bipolar values when it comes to managing

time

role of the college textbook

to help produce additional knowledge of a field or to present what is known and has to be proven about a field

Conversations, by including both an active sender and receiver, are processes that are

transactional

According to survey data, customer service scores are predicted largely by

trust

age

understanding health issues of older adults; "elderspeak" when old people say dear or sweetie, seen as demeaning; less assertive; seen as less than; usually the healthcare provider listens to whomever the old person is with and act like they are not there

microstructure

unfilled pauses and verbal fillers like "um", that are a natural part of the spontaneous lecture. Another part is unfinished sentences and incomplete thoughts

closing arguments

use "planned redundancy" to aid in jurors memories during deliberation

selective reflection

used to identify information that the client seems to be emphasizing or that is emotionally charged

According to Flowerdew, the level of concentration needed is high in academic listening and __________ in conversational listening.

varies

Jury selection is

voir dire

Emotion focused support

want emotional support; hoping distressed others work through their upset by listening to, empathizing with, legitimatizing, and actively supporting their feelings

therapeutic listening

want to show support for someone who is troubled- type pf empathetic listening: 1. focusing attention 2. demonstrating attending behaviors 3. developing a supportive communication climate 4. listening with empathy 5. responding appropriately

marasmus

wasting away disease in infants caused by lack of nonverbal touch btw baby and caregiver

event schemata

what we expect events to be like; like when at a boxing match it is ok if someone says to knock him out- in context

culture gaps

when an organization fails to live by its stated values, more focused on own interests and devalue listening by their actions

Personal relevancy

when you understand the importance of the topic to your personal needs

purpose

why the organization exists

nature of the visit

why you are visiting the doctor and the diagnosis can affect how you listen; if the doctor says you are healthy and to cut down on the fatty foods, then you probably won't cut down

gender

women are more likely to go to the doctor than men; this helps the relationship of the doctor and patient and increases their health

One of Dominic's classmates tells him in a conversation before class that it is her birthday. Dominic says, "Happy Birthday." Then class starts. Dominic used which type of memory in this listening situation before class?

working