Community Quiz 1
A nurse is teaching a class on the basic principles of health insurance. The nurse asks the class about the benefits of the Affordable Care act to American citizens. What are some possible responses ? A. Expansion of Medicaid to include more people B. Coverage of young people under the age of 26 on their parents health insurance policy C. Universal health coverage for all citizens D. Mandatory employer paid coverage for all employees E. Expansion of access to and coverage of preventative care
A B E
Globalization, which is a new challenge for public health, includes which of the following problems ? (select all) A. greater disparities between rich and poor B. Environmental degradation C. greater need for newer technology D. Greater distribution of tobacco and alcohol E. Emergence or reemergence of communicable diseases
A, B, D, E
In order to assess the prevalence of a disease in a population, aPHN can use the prevalence pot to help better understand the occurrence of disease in her or his community. The prevalence pot: Select all that apply: A. Depicts the total number of current cases in the population B. Take into account duration and incidence of the disease C. Includes assessing the total number of cases of a disease taking into account all of the stages of the disease D. Is a method of calculating the potential number if new cases in a population E. Is a method of calculating the potential number of new cases in a population. Determines the amount of the primary medications used to treat diseases in a certain population.
A. Depicts the total number of current cases in the population B. Take into account duration and incidence of the disease C. Includes assessing the total number of cases of a disease taking into account all of the stages of the disease
A nurse is working at a local community health center. The nurse is speaking with an elderly Native American man who lives on a nearby reservation. He reports that many members if his tribe are unable to afford health care and many have an alcohol use disorder and/or type 2 diabetes. What program should the nurse suggest that the gentlemen contact? A. Indian Health Services B. Medicaid C. Medicare D. Alcoholics Anonymous
A. Indian Health Services
An occupational health nurse is speaking with union representatives about a long standing problem with insufficient safety equipment at a local surgical center. Where does the nurse suggest they report the problem? A. OSHA B. JCAHO C. City Council D. The medical director
A. OSHA
Based on the Social- Ecological model of health, which of the following are components of health? Select all that apply? A. Physical environments B. Social Environments C. Social Relations D. Political Systems E. Health Care Systems
A. Physical environments B. Social Environments C. Social Relations
The Institute of Medicine (IOM)stated in their report, The Future of the Public's Health, that there are three core functions that society carries out to collectively support the optimum conditions for public health. Which one of the following is not one of these functions? A. Prevention B. Assessment C. Policy development D. Assurance
A. Prevention
A PHN recognized that which of the following are types of cohort studies? A. Prospective B. Retrospective C. Historical D. Longitudinal E. Statistical
A. Prospective B.Retrospective C. Historical D. Longitudinal
A nursing student is listening to a lecture in poor health outcomes. Based on research by the Institute of Medicine, the instructor says that for an individual with a non-communicable disease less knowledge of chronic disease management and performance of fewer health promotion activities at home, most likely reflects: A. a low health literacy B. lack of adequate health insurance C. limited access to medical services D. few prevention programs within the community
A. a low health literacy
A school cafeteria is planning menus for the school year. They used the 2012 national law that calls for school lunch programs to have larger portions of fruits and vegetables, less sodium, and no trans fats as their guide. This is an example of: A. an upstream approach B. an examination of the social aspects of obesity C. a downstream approach D. A and C
A. an upstream approach
With aging, there is an increase in noncommunicable (chronic) illness. The PHN recognizes that an example no communicable illness is: A. heart disease B.HIV C.Hepatitis D. Severe acute respiratory syndrome
A. heart disease
A public health official is comparing the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in two counties in Ohio. From an epidemiological perspective these are: A. independent rates B. dependent rates C. mortality rates D. morbidity rates
A. independent rates
The obesity rate in a local neighborhood is partially the product of a limited access to full service grocery stores and lack of dedicated safe venues for exercise. This is an example of issues related to the "upstream" determinants of public health that contribute to the ecology of a community's health"downstream." The PHN understands that upstream determinants include social relations, neighborhoods and communities, institutions, and ---------- A. social and economic policies. B. availability of medicine to treat disease C. Tertiary nursing interventions D. Increasing the number of primary care providers
A. social and economic policies.
A nursing student is studying preventable causes of death. In 2011, what was not one of the four leading at risk behaviors that were underlying causes of disease and preventable death? A. Tobacco use B. Falls C.Alcohol use D. Lack of exercise or physical activity E. Poor Nutrition
B. Falls
A nurse is caring for a young man who is complaining about the state of the health care system. He argues that health care should be left to the free market economy. To explain why relying on the free market id not practical, the nurse responds: A. "There are too many health care providers to support the health care system in a free market economy" B. A free market system is difficult to implement because during emergencies, patients and their families are unable to properly research local emergency care options. C.The American health care system is already based on a free market system D.A free market economy is based on the sale of goods, and does not apply to the health care system.
B. A free market system is difficult to implement because during emergencies, patients and their families are unable to properly research local emergency care options.
A nurse is caring for a young child with a severe ear infection in a hospital emergency department. The nurse asks the mother why it took so long for the child to get care and the mother stated that she couldn't afford medical bills and that they didn't qualify for Medicaid. The mother decided not to get health insurance to save money. once the child has received medical attention, what program does the nurse recommend to the mother? A. WIC B. CHIP C. Medicare D. TanF
B. CHIP
A nurse is looking to create policies that would reduce the rate of tobacco use by teenagers in the local community. Who would be the most important group to consult with when performing community assessment ? A. Physicians and educators B. Local Teenagers C. Public Health and Tobacco experts D. Local shop owners and community council members
B. Local Teenagers
A nurse is counseling a young woman with a new diagnosis of gonorrhea. What should be included in her care? A. The nurse will need to contact all of the woman's prior sexual partners to inform them of her diagnosis B. Since filing a partner management report with the state health department is mandated, the nurse should inform the patient that she will be sending a report C. All of the above D. none of the above
B. Since filing a partner management report with the state health department is mandated, the nurse should inform the patient that she will be sending a report
When comparing the BMI of obese women in two cities, it would be an erroneous assumption for the nurse ti think that, based on these averages, since the BMI of City A was higher than that of City B, a woman in City A will have a higher BMI than a woman in City B. This assumption is referred to as: A. an odds ratio B. an ecological fallacy C. a causality D. a relative risk
B. an ecological fallacy
A school nurse sends out a survey to the parents to determine how many children in a certain school have asthma and in addition asks parents if they smoke. This type of study is called: A. case control study B. cross sectional study C. cohort study D. outbreak investigation
B. cross sectional study
When a health-care provider offers nutritional health teaching on portions, patterns, and choices, he or she is using which type of approach ? A. ecological B. downstream C. upstream D. health promotion
B. downstream
A nursing instructor is giving a lecture on community participation in an ecological public health system. She teaches that the benefits of this collaboration for participants in the community's public health are that their efforts increase effectiveness and productivity, empower the participants, strengthen social engagement, and ----------- A. decrease disease rates B. ensure accountability C. increase the number if medical facilities D. Monitor childhood illnesses
B. ensure accountability
As defined by the WHO, an example of health promotion intervention is ----- whereas a risk reduction/health protection intervention is A. conducting a health fair; funding a school exercise program B. giving free exercise class; conducting a flu vaccine outreach program C. providing flu medication free to older adults; a diet class for teenagers D. offering a tour of a hospital; a relaxation technique class
B. giving fee exercise class; conducting a flue vaccine outreach program
A team of nursing students are working with the public health department to obtain funding for community outreach health clinic in an underserved neighborhood. They have been asked to include a budget for the clinic and a plan for obtaining funding. The students are specifically utilizing: A. health economic B. public health finance C. Market Economy D. Federal funding guidelines
B. public health finance
If a nurse is using the natural history if a disease to help develop a primary prevention program for a specific disease, he or she would begin with: A. making sure that everyone in a certain area receives treatment B. studying the continuum of the disease with a focus on the disease free state C. Looking at screening tools for identifying person who may have the disease D. Going to the autopsies of the patients who have died
B. studying the continuum of the disease with a focus on the disease free state
Attributable risk is the proportion of cases or injuries that would be eliminated if a risk factor did not occur, but preventable fraction is: A. the number of cases that actually occur in a given population at a specific point in time B. what could be achieved with a program implemented in a community setting within the at risk population when community members actually participate in the program C. The number of cases that require intervention D. An estimation of the number of cases with the high risk factors
B. what could be achieved with a program implemented in a community setting within the at risk population when community members actually participate in the program
A nurse is having a discussion with a coworker about frustration at the slow rate of positive health policy change. The nurse has attempted to contact the local policy maker about the need to expand public transportation availability for community members struggling to get to work but has not received a response. What might the coworker suggest? A. Visiting the representatives local office to complain about the lack of response B. Trying again after the next election C. Getting a group of nurses and local residents to work together to make their needs known D. Writing a formal letter of complaint
C. Getting a group of nurses and local residents to work together to make their needs known
The nursing student is taught correctly that local health departments do not oversee which of the following? A. The surveillance of disease B. investigation if disease outbreaks C. Licensing of local hospitals D. public sanitation and water supply
C. Licensing of local hospitals
A nurse is preparing to teach a class on public health policy and its impact on nursing practice. Which of the following statements is incorrect and should be excluded from the lecture? A. Nursing scope of practice as determined by state nurse practice acts is included in public health insurance B. Nurses are affected by public health policy both professionally and personally C. Changing health policy does not fall within the scope of nursing practice D. Some federal and payroll tax exemptions are an example of public health policy
C. Changing health policy does not fall within the scope of nursing practice
A school nurse is evaluating the lunch program in the district after a student had a serious anaphylactic reaction to peanuts. The school is located in a lower socioeconomic area of the city. What new policy would make the most sense in this school? A. Mandate that all students purchase their food on campus and not bring any food into the building B. Obtain funding to provide free school lunches for everyone C. Make the school a completely peanut free campus D. Ensure that every classroom has access to an Epipen in case of future reactions
C. Make the school a completely peanut free campus
Which of these tests is not an indicator of health literacy? A. The test of functional health literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) B. Rapid Estimate of Adult literacy in Medicine (REALM) C. National Quality Forum (NQF) D. Suitability Assessment of Material (SAM)
C. National Quality Forum (NQF)
A nurse is working with the local representative to pass a law raising the legal age for purchasing tobacoo to 21 years old. It has been passed into the committee phase of the legislative process. How should the nurse prepare for the next step? A. Contact all of the local legislators to lobby for passing of the bill B. Encourage local citizens to vote on the bill and promote a local grass roots campaign base in the community C. Prepare evidence based research and current clinical studies to support their position and educate committee members about the medicine behind nicotine addiction in youths D. Inform local store owners about the impending change in the law
C. Prepare evidence based research and current clinical studies to support their position and educate committee members about the medicine behind nicotine addiction in youths
A school nurse is looking at federal funding for the school lunch program and childhood obesity data for the kids in the school. The nurse found that despite the highest rate of federal funding for any local school in their district and increased nutrition standards to improve the quality of food, students in the school also have the highest obesity rate. What should the school nurse do next A. Request additional funding B. Conclude that the new foods offered are not sufficient and the school should revert back to the type of meals offered in the past C. interview the students and the parents to learn more about use of the lunch program and current activity levels D. Request that the school begin a school breakfast program as well so that students have increased to healthy foods.
C. interview the students and the parents to learn more about use of the lunch program and current activity levels
If a nurse takes the number of new cases of a disease or illness among the contacts of initial cases and divides it by the number of people in the population at risk and multiplies it by given multiplier, he or she is calculating the: A. prevalence B. incidence C. secondary attack rate D. attack rate
C. secondary attack rate
A nursing instructor is giving a lecture on genetics and genetic testing. The instructor explains that there is a lot of controversy over testing for BRCA 1 and BRCA 2, the tumor suppressing genes that, if mutated, may indicated hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. The arguments against genetic testing for BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 include all of the following except: A. the cost of the test is high B. the evidence to the effectiveness of the test is limited C. the test is difficult to perform D. Less than 10% of all breast cancers are genetically based
C. the test is difficult to perform
A nursing student is studying public health. She learns that, according to CEA Winslow's definition, some of the goals of public health are disease prevention, promoting health, control of communicable infections, and -------------. A. Risk assessment for disease B.Birth Control C.Education on personal hygiene D. Governmental safety regulation
C.Education on personal hygiene
A PHN would like to use the Dahlgren-Whitehead model to help herself and other local practitioners understand health in populations. She understands that the Dahlgren-Whitehead ecological-model assumes that: A. There are multiple determinants of health and thus, multiple strategies are needed. B. A population and environmental approach is essential. C. Linkages and relationships are crucial. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
A nursing student studying public health has asked the instructor where to find good sources of evidence-based practice that could help provide the basis for policy changes as part of a thesis project. Which resource would be the most helpful for the student? A. The AHRQ clinical guide B. The Cochran reviews C. The CDC community guide D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Although many communicable disease have been eradicated, new ones are appearing or old ones are morphing into new forms. Which of the following fall into the category of those not yet eradicated? A. Multiple drug resistant TB B. Small pox C. West Niles Virus D. A and C
D. A and C
A pt showing signs of pneumonia is admitted to a hospital where tests indicate he has highly infectious M. tuberculosis. He has contact with many patients, employees, and family members despite placing him in isolation. An investigation team should take which of the following steps to find out what went wrong? A. identify the index case, the first case identified in a particular outbreaks B. Identify secondary cases, those pt's who were diagnosed with active Tb and who had contact with the index patient C. Identify all contacts D. All of the above
D. All of the above
According to O' Donnell's definition of health promotion, how could a public health nurse advise a company to encourage its employees to work toward good health? A. Lower insurance premiums for employees who demonstrate good health habits B.have employee exercise classes or discounted health club memberships C. Have incentives for healthy eating D. All of the above
D. All of the above
If the international medical community was working to contain several worldwide pandemics, they would look to the World Health Organization (WHO), which is: A. the public health arm of the united nations B. Working to improve the health and well-being for the global population C. Working with nurses to promote public health interventions. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
An epidemiologist uses the epidemiological triangle to explain the occurrence of disease by looking at the three main components of the model: the host, the environment, and the agent. The PHN understands that the agent could be one of many types except: A. biological and chemical B. Nutritive C.Physical D. Ecological
D. Ecological
According to Issel diversity refers to all but which of these concepts? A. Race B. Culture C.Ethnicity D. Environment
D. Environment
A nurse is giving a lecture on communicable diseases and stresses the importance of effective surveillance of disease and illness. She stresses that the most important aspect of surveillance is it: A. determines the prevalence of disease over time B. focuses on the study of person related variables or factors C. calculates percent change in a demographic variable D. Establishes expected levels of disease and illness in a population.
D. Establishes expected levels of disease and illness in a population.
A family does preconception testing using genetic markers for early identification of cerebral palsy to make childbearing decisions. The PHN recognizes that this area of study is called: A. the human genome project B. Behavioral risk factor surveillance system C. Ecological Epidemiology D. Genomics
D. Genomics
A patient diagnosed with diabetes buys books, reads articles, talks with knowledgeable people, informs himself about what he can do to improve his health, and takes action. The nurse recognizes this method of adult learning as: A. Pedagogy B. Andragogy C. Constructivism D. Humanism
D. Humanism
A nurse is giving a lecture about public policy and policy changes. A student wants to know about the rights of individuals when setting public health policy. How should the nurse respond? A. The rights of individuals always outweigh the collective good B. The collective good always outweighs the rights of the individual rights C. Public health policy is based on governmental interests and not the collective good or individual rights D. Public health policy is based on the assumption that society has the rights to collectively assure conditions for healthy people while taking into account the rights if individuals.
D. Public health policy is based on the assumption that society has the rights to collectively assure conditions for healthy people while taking into account the rights if individuals.
*** In the traditional public health prevention framework, the level of prevention that included early detection and initiation of treatment for disease, or screening, is referred to as the : A. Clinical level B. Primary level C. Tertiary level D. Secondary Level
D. Secondary Level
The school nurse is involved in multiple activities related to public health policy. Which of the following is an example of public health policy advocacy? A. Reporting a newly diagnosed case of listeria to the PHD B. Informing students and parents about the need for flu vaccinations at the beginning of the school term C. Doing height and weight screenings D. Working with the school board to add nutrition classes in the middle school curriculum
D. Working with the school board to add nutrition classes in the middle school curriculum
A public heath nurse is asked by the hospital administration to find out why there are so many pediatric asthma patients coming to the ER for treatment and to develop a plan to reduce admissions by 10%. The nurse need to untangle the multiple risk factors involved in order to determine what type of intervention should be developed. Which framework should the PHN most likely use to understand the multiple factors contributing to asthma in a population? A. the epidemiological triangle B. the ecological model C. the epidemiological constants D. the web of causation
D. the web of causation